1、英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后（主语+谓语） 。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语+主语）,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或 be 动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。基本语序（natural order）：主语+谓语+宾语（subject + predicate+ object）I love English.完全倒装 (full inversion)谓语+主语Here came the headmaster.部分倒装 (partial inversion)助动词/情态动词+ 主语 + 动词Nerve will I forgive you.一、完全倒装1.
2、There be 结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替 be 动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand 等。There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.例题:_ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; at B. There stands; underC. Stands there; under D. There stands; at2 (1).在
3、以 here、there、now、then 等副词开头的句子里。句式：副词vi名词主语 “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或 be,go,lie,run) + 主语“ 结构。 Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.Now comes your turn.如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变，不用倒装。如:Here you are.There she comes.(2).表示方向的副词 out, in, up, down 等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语
4、是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:In came Mr. White.Up went the arrow into the air.Away went the boy.题：There _. And here _.A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is sheC. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she 3.当表示地点的介词词组(如 on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the m
5、iddle of the room 等)在句首时。句式：介词短语vi主语（必须是名词） 如：At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。 In he came and back he went again. 4.“分词(代词) + be + 主语“结构。Walking at the head of the line was our te
6、acher.Such was the story he told me.题：_, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.A. Einstein was such B. Such was EinsteinC. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein_ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going5，某些表语位于句首，保持句子平衡，以强调表语. 句式：表语系动词主语（必须
7、是名词） 1)表语为介词短语Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.2)表语为形容词Present at the meeting were Mr White and many other guests.3)表语为过去分词Seated on the ground are a group of young people.4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词Lying on the floor was a boy.Standing beside the desk was a teacher.二、部分倒装部分倒装是把 be
8、 动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词 do / does / did 等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。 1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有 never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）, no sooner（立即）, by no means（决不） ，not only, in no way（决不）, at no time, few, not, no 等, 句式： “否定词/词组助动词/情态动
9、词/be 动词主语其他” 。 Not until+从句/时间状语+主句（部分倒装） 。 No sooner had sb done than；Hardly/scarcely had sb done when 刚刚就Not only+分句（部分倒装）but also+分句（不倒装）注意：not only 置于句首but(also)部分不倒装， 1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived at B. had I arrived C. had I reached D. I had got to2) Have you
10、 ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so am B. nor am C. neither D. nor do2. Only + 状语（副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句） ，位于句首 ,要部分倒装。Only by this means is it possible to e
11、xplain it. (介词短语)Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)注意： 在 only状语从句主句结构中，主句倒装， 但从句用正常语序。only 修饰主语，不倒装。 3. so 或 so 引导的短语放在句首,前半部分倒装。I saw the film, so did she.So loudly did he speak that even people in the
12、 next room could hear him.1) The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A. so did Charlie B. Charlie did so C. Charlie does so D. did Charlie so2) So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone couldC. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; ever
13、yone could4. “Not only + 分句,but also + 分句“句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。但 not only.but also.连接主语时,不倒装。如: Not only the mother but also the children are sick.如： _ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.A. Not was only he B. Not only heC. Not only was he D. Not only was5、as/ though (虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句。句式：名词形容词副词动词分词+a
14、sthough+主语+其他如:Although I am ugly, I am gentle.Ugly as I am, I am gentle. Though he is a child, he has to make a living.Child as he is, he has to make a living.注意：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词6.用于 So/neither (nor) + be ( have, 助动词或情态动词) + 主语+其他的句子表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用 so it is with/It is
15、 the same withHe has been to Beijing. So have I. Tom cant answer the question. Neither /Nor can I . So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也是如此Nor/neither +be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也不是如此So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词某人确实如此如：I have never been to Guangzhou University, neither/ nor has he.我从来没有去过广州大学，他也是7.在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有 were, had, should 等
16、词，可将 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 （1）If I were you, I would work hard.Were I you, I would work hard.（2) If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting.Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting注意：我们可以说 Were it not.或者 Had it not been., 但不可以说 Weren t it. 或者 hadnt it be
17、en.8.句首是表频率的副词及短语（often, well, many a time, now and again, once a week, now and then, every other day 等) 开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如: Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.题： Many a time _ swimming alone.A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy9,在某些表
18、示祝愿的句型中如：May you all be happy. Long live China!巧记倒装句在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中，到底应在何处倒装，下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。NB 前倒后不， O，NU 主倒从不倒，2N 前倒后也倒， NM 前后均不倒。 NB 代表 Not only，but also引导的并列句。 not only 位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒” 。 如：1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy2）Not only was everything
19、that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away） O 代表 only状语从句；NU 代表 Not until状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒” 。如：1）Only when he told me did I know it2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wastedNo soonerthan，HardlyScarcelywhen等句型也属此类用法。如：No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain2N 代表 Neithernor所引导的并列句。2N 若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后也倒” 。如：Neither do I know her name，nor does he.NM 即 No matter引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均不倒” 。如：No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help us
