1、毕业论文组成部分第一部分：论文封面页（Cover Page）第二部分：论文题目与摘要页（Title Page）第三部分：论文致谢页（Acknowledgements）第四部分：论文目录页（Contents Page）第五部分：论文正文（Body）第六部分：论文尾注（Endnotes）第七部分：论文参考文献（Bibliography）22四川外语学院外语专业毕业论文范本本科毕业论文中文题目： 从功能对等看英语广告的翻译 外文题目: On Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese in Light of Functional Equival
2、ence 系 别 专 业 年 级 2004 级 学生姓名 指导教师 结稿日期 2008 年 5 月 10 日 四川外语学院教务处制2008 年 5 月 10 日填iOn Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese in Light of Functional Equivalence（空一行）Abstract（空一行）The theories which proposed by Eugene A. Nida have affected many Chinese and foreign translators for a long time,
3、 especially the theory of functional equivalence. Functional equivalence refers to the equivalence on the functions but not on the forms and structures. In our daily life, we live with different advertisements, some of which are translated works. These advertisements are aimed at giving the potentia
4、l customers a lasting impression and persuading them to buy their product. Therefore, in order to express the ideas of the original works and realize the goal for sale, the translators should take account of the cultural elements and social elements in order to achieve functional equivalence.This pa
5、per consists of three parts. The first part deals with the concept of functional equivalence and its aims and principles. The main aim of functional equivalence is to represent the information of the original work in the target language and achieve the equivalence of functions of languages. In order
6、 to make this concept clear, the author gives a brief introduction of different functions. Although different languages have different characteristics, their functions are nearly the same. That is to name the reality and to communicate with the people. The second part deals with the target, principl
7、es, requirements and cultural elements of advertisement translation. The third part, the most important part, points out the three main aspects of functional equivalence, semantic equivalence, social-cultural equivalence and stylistic equivalence. At the meantime, the equivalence on different levels
8、 and how to achieve functional equivalence in advertisement translation are also systematically illustrated. （空一行）Key words: functional equivalence; advertisement translation; cultural elements四号，加粗，居中小四号，加粗，居中加粗，3-5 个关键词，各关键词之间用分号隔开论文摘要页，页码采用小写罗马字母编排Acknowledgements（空一行）First and foremost, I would
9、like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor X, both for his intellectual guidance and for his warm and constant encouragement during the process of writing this thesis. With patience and prudence, he labored through drafts of this thesis and pointed out defects in my theorizin
10、g. Therefore, I owe all the merits in this thesis, if any, to him, though I am fully aware that the thesis might still contain some mistakes, for which I bear the whole responsibility.My cordial and sincere thanks go to all the teachers in Applied Foreign Language Department, whose interesting and i
11、nformative courses have benefited me a lot during my college years. The profit that I gained from their profound knowledge, remarkable expertise and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future life and career.I am also very grateful to my classmates, who have given me a l
12、ot of help and courage during my stay in the University and throughout the process of writing this thesis. Last but not the least; big thanks go to my family who have shared with me my worries, frustrations, and hopefully my ultimate happiness in eventually finishing this thesis.Contents（空一行）中文摘要.iA
13、bstract.iiAcknowledgements.iiiIntroduction.1I. A Brief Review of Functional Equivalence.2A. Definition of Functional Equivalence .3B. Different Functions.4C. Aims and Targets. .5II. A Brief Review of Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese.6A. Targets and Principles of Advertisement Transl
14、ation.7B. Requirements for Advertisement Translation.9C. Cultural Elements in Advertisement Translation.11III. Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese in Light of FunctionalEquivalence.13A. The Differences Between Two Languages.15B. Functional Equivalence in English Advertisement Translati
15、on.17Conclusion.19Notes.20Bibliography.22第二级编号第一级编号页码对齐英文状态下的句点标题内容不能超出页码长度On Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese in Light of Functional Equivalence（空一行）Introduction（空一行）In our daily life, we always see or hear many advertisements on the radio, billboards, magazines, newspaper and so o
16、n. The translation of advertisement plays an important role in the cultural exchanges of different countries. After entering WTO, China has been faced with fiercer competition, so the advertisement has become more and more important for it is always used as the way to promote the sales of goods. The
17、 excellent advertisement is not only understandable for everyone, but also has an elegant style. It can easily encourage people to buy the goods. Therefore, a good translation of an advertisement is also important to promote the sales of the goods in the country of the target language. Most translat
18、ors may be familiar with the theory of functional equivalence which is systematically illustrated by Eugene A. Nida. It is stated primarily in terms of a comparison of the way in which the original receptors understood and appreciated the text and the way in which receptors of the translated text un
19、derstand and appreciate the translated text.1 That is to say, the adequacy of translations is judged on the basis of the correspondence in lexicon and grammar between the source and target languages.Functional equivalence is a powerful weapon for information exchange. The translation work which foll
20、ows the principles of functional equivalence is much easier to understand.However, functional equivalence is very abstract to most people. In order to make it clear, this paper chooses advertisement translation to analyze its every aspect. Due to the differences between English and Chinese, the adve
21、rtisement translation from English to Chinese should be undertaken in different translation techniques with the guidance of functional equivalence.四号，加粗，居中四号，加粗，居中各段首行空 5 字符，有特殊格式要求的语种（如德语）除外小四， 1.5 倍行距，两端对齐注释用上标，文末用尾注形式标注正文首页不显示页码2I. A Brief Review of Functional Equivalence（空一行）The similarity of th
22、e thoughts of human beings determines that the similarities are more than the differences between English and Chinese. The equivalence of languages makes it possible to convert the source language into the target language. However, the convert is not just a process to translate the words from one la
23、nguage to another language. Translation should be a task to recur the information of the original work in a most natural way. That is to say, translation should rebuild the surficial forms of the original information, convert the views of expression and replace the meaning of the original work with
24、the meaning of the translated work. Therefore, equivalence is the most important basis for translation. The translated work can be of higher quality if it achieves more equivalence with the original work. Functional equivalence is originally termed as dynamic equivalence, which is to be defined by t
25、he degree where the receptor of the source language message should respond in substantially the same way as the target language receptor to the translated version. It is very important to all kinds of translation. The reason is that English and Chinese have many differences in their forms, grammars,
26、 sentence structures and so on. Therefore, in the process of translation, to convey the information of the original work is the focus and the most difficult part. After all, the receptors of the translated work expect to know the content of the original work.Functional equivalence also emphasizes th
27、e cultural elements. If a translated work does not reflect the cultural elements of the original work, it must be a failure. Therefore, the translator should be bilingual and bicultural.Nida always holds a view that syntax and lexeme are the biggest barriers for the translators.2 The translators dev
28、oted to English-Chinese translation may agree with him. Most of them have learned English through the grammar, so their translation concept is often affected by the grammar and sentence structure. Functional equivalence is a powerful weapon for the translators to overcome these barriers. Functional
29、equivalence can fall into three parts. First, the word classes replace the traditional parts of speech to describe the semantic relations 每章单独起页，四号，加粗，居中正文页码从第二页开始打印（首页不显示） ，采用“页面底端居中”的格式3of the words. Second, the concept of kernel sentence and the concept of sentence transformation can overcome the
30、 restriction of syntax to a translator. Third, isomorphism can overcome the barriers caused by the social and cultural differences.3 （空一行）A. Definition of Functional Equivalence（空一行）A maximal, ideal definition could be stated as “The readers of a translated text should be able to understand and appr
31、eciate it in essentially the same manner as the original readers did.”4A minimal, realistic definition of functional equivalence could be stated as “The readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of the text must have
32、understood and appreciate it.”5“Poets,” according to Shelley, “are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.”6In the 1950s, for example, while Ellington was still alive, Raymond Horricks compared him with Ravel, Delius, and Debussy:（空一行）The continually enquiring mind of Ellingtonhas sought to ext
33、end steadily the imaginative boundaries of the musical form on which it subsists. Ellington since the mid-1930s has been engaged upon extending both the imagery and the formal construction of written jazz.6 （空一行）Ellingtons earliest attempt to move beyond the three-minute limit received Figures in li
34、terature are either flat characters （one dimensional figures, figures with simple personalities） or round characters （complex figures）. The characters described in the first chapter of The Great Gatsby can well be regarded as flat:（空一行）I never saw this great-uncle, but Im supposed to look like him-w
35、ith special reference to the rather hard-boiled painting that hangs in fathers office. I graduated from New Haven in 1915, just a quarter of a century after my 直接引用不超过 4 行（含 4 行）的短引文，用引号引所用文字，如引文未间断，引号前不加标点通过阐释、描述或转述的方式间接引用别人的观点，不用引号，在间接引用结束后用数字编序的方式进行注解直接短引文若被断开，则前后用逗号隔开只有一段的长引文，左边空 10 字符，不用引号长引文时用
36、冒号分隔，上下各空一行左边空10 字符2 段以上长引文，每段首行空 13 字符空 13字符 左边空10 字符章内标题左起顶格，前后各空一行，四号，加粗4father, and a little later I participated in that delayed Teutonic migration known as the Great War. 7（空一行）However, F. Scott Fitzgerald succeeds in changing these flat figures into round ones through his master-hand writing
37、skills and in-depth characterization.B. Different Functions The theory of functional equivalence involves nine functions: expressive, cognitive, interpersonal, informative5Conclusion（空一行）With the rapid development of the international trade, advertisement has become an indispensable part in our life
38、. To some extent, it has become our guide in the aspect of consuming. No doubt, we are now living in the age of advertisement. Therefore, to translate a good and effective advertisement is increasingly important for attracting the potential customers and promoting the sale of the products in the int
39、ernational market.Since Chinese and English are two quite different languages, the translation from English to Chinese is not an easy task. The translator should learn well the cultural and social background of the original work, the differences of their sentence structures and also their habits of
40、expression. Although there are so many differences between the two languages, the functions of all the languages are the same. That is to name the reality and to communicative with the people. It is just the basis for the translation from English to Chinese. , Through a relative thorough analysis of
41、 functional equivalence and advertisement translation, the readers of the essay may have a clear understanding of the details and aspects of advertisement translation. The readers may appreciate the advantages of functional equivalence in the process of advertisement translation. Functional equivale
42、nce helps the translators overcome the barrier of translation. That is the forms and structures of the language of the original work. Advertisement translation has its special aims. It is not only for information exchange, but also for encouraging the customers to buy the products. This is the ultim
43、ate aim of advertisement translation. Therefore, the translators should not only express the accurate meaning of the original work, but also pay attention to the diction of words and the cultural elements. The translation work will fail to realize its aims if it neglects the cultural elements such as the tradition, customs and habits of the target country. The analysis of these aspects in this essay may give the readers a little enlightenment. 每章单独起页，四号，加粗，居中
