1、ContentsUnit 1 Career 1Part IPart IIPart IIIUnderstanding and Learning 2Key to Exercises 0Reading Passage Translation 5Unit 2 Friendship 23Part IPart IIPart IIIUnderstanding and Learning 24Key to Exercises 33Reading Passage Translation 37Unit 3 Family Life 45Part IPart IIPart IIIUnderstanding and Le
2、arning 46Key to Exercises 54Reading Passage Translation 59Unit 4 Sports 67Part IPart IIPart IIIUnderstanding and Learning 68Key to Exercises 75Reading Passage Translation 82新发展研究生英语 综合教程 2 教师用书Unit 5 Internet 91Part IPart IIPart IIIUnderstanding and Learning 92Key to Exercises 02Reading Passage Tran
3、slation 06Unit 6 Celebrity 115Part IPart IIPart IIIUnderstanding and Learning 6Key to Exercises 28Reading Passage Translation 34Unit 7 Science 143Part IPart IIPart IIIUnderstanding and Learning 44Key to Exercises 53Reading Passage Translation 59Unit 8 Human Nature 167Part IPart IIPart III2Understand
4、ing and Learning 68Key to Exercises 77Reading Passage Translation 8 PrefacePreface 前 言前 言进入21世纪以来,我国的研究生教育有了蓬勃的发展,研究生招生规模不断扩大。随着本科阶段大学英语课程教学要求的实施和大学英语教学改革的日益深入,研究生教育也面临着新的挑战。为了顺应新的形势,改革研究生英语教学,提高研究生英语教学质量,我们依据各校的教改经验以及“中国高等学校研究生外语教学研究会 ”在全国开展的广泛的社会调查报告精神,编写了这套新发展研究生英语综合教程(下称综合教程),希望促进研究生英语教学改革,切实培养和
5、提高广大研究生的英语运用能力。综合教程为研究生英语基础阶段的教材,它以培养研究生运用英语读、说、写的综合能力为主要目标,通过强化语言的输入和各种交互活动或任务,最大化地将输入的语言转换成已掌握的语言。综合教程以阅读材料的主题为主线,强化读、说、写综合训练,从而提高学生实际运用语言知识和语言技能的能力。综合教程不囿于孤立地强调“精读” ,而是注重主题的兴趣性、哲理性和可思性,提供承载这些内容的可理解性的语言输入,通过各种交互活动,促进研究生英语读、说、写能力的发展。目 前,研究生英语教学改革亟待解决的两大问题一是要重视学生英语运用能力的培养。学习英语的目的是为了使用英语,理解是使用,表达也是使用
6、。对于英语学习者来说,后者要困难得多,其发展也滞后于前者。所以表达能力的培养是学生迫切需要解决的一个问题。二是要从学生的实际出发,因材施教。研究生入学时英语水平差异很大。按部就班、齐头并进式的教学将导致时间和精力的浪费。为更好地解决这两个问题,综合教程在强调综合能力培养的同时,突出了说、写能力的培养。在保证学生大量阅读的同时,每个单元依据文章叙述的主题,设计了各种交互活动和任务,以保证学生在使用语言中学习语言。考虑到入学时的英语水平存在差异,综合教程编有三册,第一册以相当于大学本科英语四级的水平标准为起点。各册既循序渐进,又相对独立,涵盖了研究生课程班、专业学位硕士研究生、硕士生和博士生的Pr
7、e-reading ActivitiesTextNotesNew WordsUseful ExpressionsProper NamesExercisesPost-reading ActivitiesText ComprehensionText AnalysisPoints for DiscussionLanguage FocusVocabularyClozeTranslationOral PracticeWriting ProjectFurther Reading新发展研究生英语 综合教程 2 教师用书整个基础英语阶段,各学校可以根据学生的实际水平以及学时安排,在教学中有选择地使用。可循序使
8、用三册或其中的两册,甚至一册。学 生 用 书 构 成综合教程每册书由8个单元组成。每单元设计了一个主题,并围绕特定主题安排内容和设计任务。每单元分别由Pre-reading Activities,Text,Exercises,Oral Practice,Writing Project 和Further Reading六大部分组成,需要6个学时完成教学。具体来说,每个单元由下述部分构成:Pre-reading本部分通常有12个和课文主题有关的热身活动,从心理上和语言上帮助学生进入学习状态,同时借助各种交互活动提高学生口头表达能力。Text综合教程的选材绝大部分来自近年出版的英美原著,涉及当前社会
9、、文化、政治、教育、科技、经济等方面的热门话题,体现了很强的现实性、社会性和学术性。同时选材紧扣学生生活,饶有趣味,有益于启迪思维。综合教程共分三册。每册较之前一册,文章的长度及语言的难度和深度有明显的增加,课文的内容更为广泛,生词量逐册增加。学生在语言知识与能力Preface 前 言不断提高的过程中,知识面也在不断地扩大,从而在不同的问题上都能够较熟练地用英语来表达自己的思想,为下一阶段的学习打好坚实的基础。其中Notes部分为课文中重要的文化背景知识和一些重要语言点简单扼要的注释。Exercises本部分由Post-reading Activities和Language Focus两个板块
10、组成。前者精心设计了一些练习,侧重于帮助学生从点到面理解课文的内容,并将课文的内容作进一步的拓展;后者主要侧重于帮助学生复习、巩固本单元新学的词汇和词组。Oral Practice本部分三册重点各不相同。第一册注重学生的日常交流;第二册注重Presentation Skills的培训,希望学生能具备初步地在国际会议上用英语宣读自己论文的能力;第三册注重学生OralDefence and Debating的能力训练。Writing Project本部分三册的侧重点也不相同。第一册注重句子和段落的写作训练;第二册注重各类应用文的写作训练;第三册侧重一般短文的写作训练。Further Reading
11、本部分补充了与课文主题相关的阅读文章,配有文化背景及生词的注释和检测学生阅读理解的练习。使 用 建 议 致 学 生鉴于研究生具备了知识面宽、思考能力强的特点,教师在教学中不应局限于语言知识的传授,而应侧重于语言知识的综合运用。教师应作为各种交互活动的组织者和指导者,引导学生利用自己现有的语言知识积极参与教学的全过程,以便在学习中运用语言,在语言运用中进一步培养和提高自己的语言能力。学生应积极参与各项教学活动,并做到以下几点:1. 完成Pre-reading Activities规定的任务。课前充分准备,初步了解课文内容,在课堂上做有准备的发言。2. 主动去图书馆或上网寻找与本课主题相关的资料,
12、摘抄有关词组或表达法,补充或启发新思想、新观点,丰富自己的表达,充实讨论内容。3. 自学课文后的Useful Expressions,Notes和Further Reading中的文章,为上课时积极参与教学活动做好准备。认真大声朗读并背诵有关段落和名言警句,这对英语学习也是非常有裨益的。Part I Understanding and Learning与作者和课文内容有关的背景知识,课文中的难句解释以及部分词语的用法介绍TextAbout the AuthorInformation Related to the TextLanguage Points新发展研究生英语 综合教程 2 教师用书使
13、用 建 议 致 教 师在组织教学活动中,建议整个课文教学过程按照课后Comprehension部分设定的步骤进行。因为Comprehension练习设计的指导思想是除了检查学生对课文的理解外,更重要的是能起到导教、导学的作用。因此这部分练习应与教师的课文讲解紧密结合,以练习带讲解,不宜在课文讲解之后孤立使用。在Comprehension练习中可能有部分问题没有提供答案,因为这些问题仅供学生讨论之用,学生可以根据自己的不同阅历和思想给出不同的答案,以达到讨论的目的。做完这一步仅仅意味着阅读过程的结束,在此基础上教师可根据学生的情况,做有关的语言知识点的检查或讲解。这项工作大致包括:An Oral
14、 Summary of the Text,Sentence Paraphrasing,LongSentence Translation into Chinese,Useful Sentence Pattern Imitation(from Chinese into English)等。Vocabulary ,Cloze 等练习由教师自定方式进行。为了帮助学生更好地了解课文的语篇结构和主题的发展、全面理解课文,我们设计了课文提纲练习(Outline),教师可以在要求学生完成课文提纲的基础上让学生写提要(Summary),也可要求学生根据提纲口头复述课文内容。在OralPractice部分,教师可
15、以按照活动的要求和提供的材料,组织学生完成这些任务和活动。在第二册我们增加了How to Present。这部分内容主要训练、培养学生演讲、陈述能力。教师可以课堂讲解、示范,学生课后准备,并在下一次上课时演讲汇报。第三册为Debating Skills, 教师可以根据教学的进展开展23次辩论活动,以运用所传授的辩论技巧。Writing部分目的是让学生在读、说的基础上,通过写的方式,把相关内容和观点表达出来。教 师 用 书 构 成综合教程教师参考书由三大部分组成:Understanding and Learning(About the Author,Information Related to
16、the Text, Language Points),Key to Exercises和Reading Passage Translation。教师参考书中每单元各部分的内容与形式如下:VPart II Key to Exercises 单元练习答案Pre-reading ActivitiesExercisesPost-reading ActivitiesLanguage FocusOral PracticeWriting ProjectFurther ReadingPart III Reading Passage Translation 课文和阅读材料的汉语参考译文TextFurther R
17、eadingPreface 前 言教 师 用 书 编 写 原 则1. 竭诚为教师服务,努力为教师有效地组织课堂、指导整个教学过程提供便利。因此,在编排上对所有重点、难点、语言点都标明了在文中的段落,免除教师备课查资料(查找)之苦。在教学参考内容的选择上,除了练习参考答案之外,还提供文章背景材料,包括与话题密切相关的人物、机构、公司、事件、历史、典故、作品等的背景知识。2. 针对课文中有关的语言知识点、难点进行较为详尽的解释或释义,并提供参考例句。由于注释详尽,教师在使用中有很大的选择余地。总之,综合教程教师参考书的宗旨重在方便教师,减轻教师备课时查资料的负担,以便集中精力研究教学,把课教好。编
18、 写 成 员综合教程教师参考书由王同顺教授担任总主编,其中第一册由张宜教授和马晶教授主编,第二册由王海华教授主编,第三册由金敬红教授主编。同时,由外籍专家Debbie Mason参与审订全稿。编 者2010年元月于上海VUnit 1Career职业生涯新发展研究生英语 综合教程 2 教师用书Part I Understanding and LearningTextGrowing Up AARussell Baker (born August 14, 1925): Two-time Pulitzer Prize winner, Russell Baker,was the author of th
19、e nationally syndicated Observer column for the New York Times from 1962to 1998. In addition, as the noted journalist, humorist, essayist, and biographer, he has writtenor edited seventeen books. He used good-natured humor to comment slyly and trenchantly ona wide range of social and political matte
20、rs. Bakers first Pulitzer Prize was for distinguishedcommentary for his Observer columns (1979) and the second one was for his autobiography,Growing Up (1983). He wrote a sequel to his autobiography in 1989, called The Good Times.In addition to his regular columns and numerous books, Baker also edit
21、ed the anthologies, TheNorton Book of Light Verse (1986) and Russell Bakers Book of American Humor (1993). In 1993,he became the regular host of the PBS television series, Masterpiece Theatre. Baker is a regularcontributor to national periodicals such as The New York Times Magazine, Sports Illustrat
22、ed,Saturday Evening Post, and McCalls.II1. Growing Up: Growing Up is Russell Bakers memoir which recalls his peripatetic childhood.It won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for biography. It traces his youth in rural Virginia, from the deathof his father when he was only five through his growing-up years betwe
23、en the wars. The restCareer 职业生涯 Unit 1of the book is a paean to his mother, a strong-willed optimist who never accepted defeat as analternative to success. Her unfailing faith in the talents of her young son was not misplaced.This is an iconic and magical piece of literature, a story of courage and
24、 love, of the bonds offamily in spite of tension and disagreement.2. The Saturday Evening Post: The Saturday Evening Post is a bimonthly Americanmagazine. While the publication traces its historical roots to Benjamin Franklin and ThePennsylvania Gazette first published in 1728, The Saturday Evening
25、Post, rechristenedunder new ownership in 1821 as a four-page newspaper, eventually became the most widelycirculated weekly magazine. The magazine gained prominent status under the leadership of itslongtime editor George Horace Lorimer (18991937). The Saturday Evening Post publishedcurrent event arti
26、cles, editorials, human interest pieces, humor, illustrations, a letter column,poetry (including work written by readers), single-panel cartoons and stories by the leadingwriters of the time. It was known for commissioning lavish illustrations and original worksof fiction. Illustrations were feature
27、d on the cover, and embedded in stories and advertising.Some Post illustrations became popular and continued to be reproduced as posters or prints,especially those by Norman Rockwell. Curtis Publishing Co. stopped publishing the Postin 1969 after the company lost a landmark defamation suit and was o
28、rdered to pay over $3million in damages.3. The Great Depression: The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America,Europe and other industrialized areas of the world that began in 1929 and lasted until about1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industr
29、ializedWestern world. Though the United States economy had gone into depression six months earlier,the Great Depression may be said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of stock-marketprices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929. During the next three years stockprices in the United S
30、tates continued to fall, until by late 1932 they had dropped to only about20 per cent of their value in 1929. Besides ruining many thousands of individual investors, thisprecipitous decline in the value of assets greatly strained banks and other financial institutions,particularly those holding stoc
31、ks in their portfolios. Many banks were consequently forced intoinsolvency; by 1933, 11,000 of the United States 25,000 banks had failed. The failure of somany banks, combined with a general and nationwide loss of confidence in the economy, ledto much-reduced levels of spending and demand and hence of production, thus aggravating the