1、Unit 2 Childhood MemoriesActive reading (1)Reading and understanding3 Answer the questions.1 What were Sylvia Plaths most important memories?She remembered winning a prize, Paula Browns new suit and the view from her window.2 Where did she live and what could she see from her bedroom window?She live
2、d on the bay side of town, on Johnson Avenue, and she could see the lights of Boston and LoganAirport from her bedroom window.3 What did the view make her want to do?It made her want to fly in her dreams.4 Why did she have such vivid dreams?Because she was rarely tired when she went to bed.5 Who app
3、eared in her dreams?Superman appeared and taught her to fly.6 Why did she enjoy the radio adventures of Superman?Because she loved the sheer poetry of flight.7 Where did her friend and she play Superman?At the dingy back entrance to the school, an alcove in a long passageway.8 Why do you think they
4、chose Sheldon to be the villain?Because he was a mammas boy and was left out of the other boys games.9 How did she feel about her Uncle Frank?She admired him as she thought he bore an extraodinary resemblance to Superman incognito.4 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Sylvia Plath wrote about h
5、er real and imaginary life as a child.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 accurate and true (definite)2 continuing all the time (perpetual)3 to spin quickly in circles (whirl)4 to shine very brightly (blaze)5 to laugh in a nervous, excited or silly way
6、that is difficult to control (giggle)6 to encourage someone to speak or continue speaking (prompt)7 to fall to the ground (tumble)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.Plath never needed to be (1) prompted to talk about her childhood memories. They were very (2) d
7、efinite and still real to her as an adult. She imagined she could fly and (3) whirl through the air like Superman. Coming from the highways around Boston was the (4) perpetual sound of traffic. In the distance a plane was taking off, its lights (5) blazing into the night sky. She remembered the soun
8、d of (6) giggling which came from the group of girls. Sadly in her later life it seemed as if Superman had (7) tumbled to earth.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 The lights at the airport went on and off all day and night. (blinked)2 The playground was li
9、ke a desert. It was without any interesting or positive features and unfriendly. (barren)3 The boys were playing a childrens game in which the players chase and try to touch each other and the girls were gossiping and giggling. (tag)4 Pulling the legs off insects is a form of action causing extreme
10、physical pain by someone as a punishment, and is extremely cruel. (torture)5 The similarity in appearance between the twins was striking. (resemblance)6 He would cover candy with a piece of cloth used for cleaning lips and hands, and make it disappear. (napkin)8 Answer the questions about the words
11、and expressions.1 If you look through a kaleidoscope, are you likely to see (a) changing coloured patterns, or (b) a single coloured pattern?2 If you flaunt something, do you (a) deliberately try to make people notice, or (b) try to hide it?3 If you marvel at something, do you find it (a) boring, or
12、 (b) surprising and fascinating?4 Are shooting stars likely to (a) move brightly through the night sky, or (b) stand still?5 Is the twilight likely to be (a) at the end of, or (b) in the middle of the day?6 If you drift off to sleep, are you likely to fall asleep (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?7 If some
13、one is bookish, are they likely to be (a) more, or (b) less interested in reading books than doing other activities?8 If you make up something, do you (a) invent it, or (b) borrow it from someone else?9 If you come into your own, are you likely to show (a) how effective and useful, or (b) ineffectiv
14、e and useless you can be?10 Is a villain likely to be a (a) good, or (b) bad person?11 If you are left out of something, are you likely to be (a) included, or (b) excluded?Active reading (2)Reading and understanding4 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The characteristics of childhood a
15、hundred years ago (d) .(a) would have interfered in their education(b) are similar to those of today(c) would be illegal today(d) meant that children were treated more like adults2 The idea that childhood is a social construction suggests that (a) .(a) children experience childhood in different ways
16、 according to the society in which they live(b) enormous transformations have taken place within a relatively short time(c) children in the past worked harder(d) all children are different from adults3 Both Inuit and Tongan parents understand that (b) .(a) their children need to be treated in a way
17、which would be considered harsh by outsiders(b) their children dont yet possess certain prized qualities, such as reasoning and social competence(c) growing up is a process of acquiring thought, not social skills(d) bringing up their children requires tolerance and discipline4 Parents of Beng childr
18、en treat them with great care because they (d) .(a) think children know all human languages and understand all cultures(b) think life in the earthly world is unpleasant(c) believe the children still live in a spirit world(d) fear the children may choose to return to the spirit world where they lived
19、 before they were born5 Western childcare practices (c) .(a) include allowing eight-year-old girls to work and 12-year-old girls to marry(b) treat the child in a bizarre and possibly harmful way(c) see the child as being incompetent, dependent on the parents, and incapable of looking after other chi
20、ldren(d) are only similar to Yanamam childcare practices in that girls help out at home, and boys are allowed to play well into their teens6 The main idea of the passage is that (c) .(a) history shows us how our perception of childhood has changed(b) childhood is viewed in different ways according t
21、o the childs cultural and social upbringing(c) both history and society can affect our perception of childhood(d) Western notions of childhood are outdated and not informedDealing with unfamiliar words5 Read the passage again and find the words in the box. Choose the best definition in the context o
22、f the passage.1 consumption(a) the process of buying or using goods(b) the process of eating, drinking, or smoking something2 colonial(a) relating to a system or period in which one country rules another(b) made in a style that was common in North America in the 18th century3 knit(a) to make somethi
23、ng such as a piece of clothing using wool and sticks called knitting needles(b) to join together or work together as one group or unit4 harsh(a) unpleasant and difficult to live in(b) strict, unkind, and often unfair5 contact(a) communication between people, countries, or organizations either by tal
24、king or writing(b) a situation in which people or things touch each other6 impose(a) to force someone to have the same opinion, belief as you(b) to cause extra work for someone by asking them to do something that may not be convenient for them7 perspective(a) a way of thinking about something(b) a s
25、ensible way of judging how good, bad, important etc something is in comparison with other things6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.Our (1) knowledge and understanding of childhood is undergoing a process of (2) nonstop change. In the West we
26、see children as being (3) in need of adult control. However, among other (4) socio-cultural groups with similar traditions children are (5) mainly considered to be capable of assuming greater responsibilities. So there is a (6) strong desire for (7) someone who does not belong to this group to think
27、 that such practices might be odd or even harmful. But while most ethnic groups may at first show (8) hesitation about integrating other traditions and customs with their own, (9) outside pressures usually make them change their traditional view of childhood.Key: (1) notion (2) continual (3) depende
28、nt on (4) ethnic (5) largely(6) temptation (7) an outsider (8) reluctance (9) external7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is prosecution likely to be (a) the act of accusing someone of a crime, or (b) the process of supervisionby the social services?2 Is intricate likely to be (
29、a) very basic, or (b) very detailed in design?3 Is leniency likely to involve (a) kindness and understanding, or (b) strict discipline?4 If someone tells you off, are they (a) criticizing, or (b) praising you?5 Is a mischievous child likely to (a) be well behaved, or (b) enjoy having fun by causing
30、trouble?6 If a child is wilful, are they likely to cause damage or harm (a) deliberately, or (b) by mistake?7 When a child is unsupervised, are they likely to be (a) looked after by adults, or (b) without an adult looking after them?8 Is something bizarre likely to be (a) strange and difficult to ex
31、plain, or (b) very usual?Language in useunpacking complex sentences1 Look at the sentences from the passage Superman and answer the questions.1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus fr
32、om the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in time.(a) What were believable?Her dreams about flying were believable.(b) How real were they?They were very real.(c) Who had the sense of having tumbled like Icarus?The writer, Sylvia Plath.(d) Why would she wake up with a breathless sense?Because
33、 she felt she was really flying.(e) What did the breathless sense feel like?It felt like a sudden shock.(f) Why did she catch herself on the soft bed just in time?Because she felt she was falling.2 We even found a stand-in for a villain in Sheldon Fein, the sallow mammas boy on our block who was lef
34、t out of the boys games because he cried whenever anybody tagged him and always managed to fall down and skin his fat knees.(a) What did we find?We found someone who could be a villain.(b) Who was the stand-in for a villain?Sheldon Fein.(c) What was he like?He was sallow and a mammas boy.(d) Where d
35、id he come from?He came from their block.(e) Why was he left out of the boys games?Because he always cried and fell over.(f) What happened when he always managed to fall down?He skinned his knees.2 Rewrite the sentence from the passage Cultural childhoods in a diagram below.He has written how a Yana
36、mam girl is expected to help her mother from a young age and by the age of ten will be running a house.3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.1 The Australian bush fires blazed for several days b
37、efore they were brought under control.2 As a child Ruths long dark hair tumbled down her back.3 He comes from a very close-knit / tight-knit family with three brothers and two sisters.4 I remember my father used to knit his brows / eyebrows together when he was thinking hard about something.5 It was
38、 extremely hot and the sun was blazing.6 Did you knit that jumper / hat yourself? Its really beautiful!7 Im watching the financial markets I think the prices of stocks will tumble quite soon.4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real th
39、at I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in time. These nightly adventures in space began when Superman started invading my dreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by in his shining b
40、lue suit with his cape whistling in the wind, looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with mother and me. In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of a thousand planes.我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那样从空中摔下来，虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但
41、也被吓得喘不过气来。当超人开始侵入我的梦乡，并教给我飞行的技巧之后，我每夜的太空冒险便开始了。超人身着耀眼的蓝色衣服，肩披随风飕飕作响的斗篷，经常从我身边呼啸而过。他长得太像我的舅舅弗兰克了，舅舅那会儿正跟妈妈和我住在一起。当超人的斗篷神奇地旋转时，我好像能听见上百只海鸥的振翅声，上千架飞机的马达轰鸣声。2 In contrast, children on the Pacific island of Tonga, studied by Helen Morton, are regularly beaten by their parents and older siblings. They are
42、 seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they lack the highly prized quality of social competence (or poto as the Tongans call it). They are regularly told off for being clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shouted at, or beaten. Children are thought of as mischievous;
43、 they cry or want to feed simply because they are naughty, and beatings are at their most severe between the ages of three and five when children are seen as particularly wilful. Parents believe that social competence can only be achieved through discipline and physical punishment, and treat their c
44、hildren in ways that have seemed very harsh to outsiders.相反，根据海伦莫顿的研究，太平洋岛国汤加的儿童经常挨父母和哥哥姐姐的打。人们认为儿童和成年人相比更像疯子，因为他们缺乏被大家看重的社会能力（汤加人称之为poto）。小孩子经常因为笨手笨脚而挨骂，他们连摔跤都会被嘲笑、呵斥，甚至被打。人们认为儿童很顽皮，都是因为淘气他们才哭闹，或者要东西吃。在大人看来，三至五岁的儿童尤其任性，因此他们打这个年龄段的孩子也打得最狠。父母们相信，只有靠训导和体罚才能使孩子获得社会能力，所以他们用一种在外人看来非常严厉的方式对待孩子。5 Translate
45、 the paragraphs into English.1 在火车站上，有一位老人给我讲述了他参加解放战争的经历，那些战斗故事对我有着极大的吸引力。后来他上了车，列车从我身边隆隆地开走了。可那些故事仍然是那么清晰可见，对于英雄们的壮举，我钦佩不已。(fascination; roar; marvel at)At the railway station, an old man told me his experience in the Liberation War, the fighting stories of which were of great fascination to me. T
46、hen he got up on the train and it roared past me. But the stories were so real and definite that I greatly marvelled at the courageous deeds of those war heroes.2 行之有效的环保政策不仅能创造良好的生态环境，还能大大降低能源消耗。回顾这个地区近年来的发展情况，我们惊喜地发现地区政府强制实行的环保政策不但没有受到任何批评，还促使居民增强了环保意识，尽其所能节约能源。(consumption; impose; take exception
47、 to; prompt)Effective environmental policy might bring about a good environment, as well as reducing energy consumption. Looking back on the recent development of this region, we find, to our pleasant surprise, that little exception has been taken to the environmental policy of the local government,
48、_ and the policy has also raised the environmental awareness of the local residents and prompted them to save energy as possible as they could.Reading across culturesChildhood around the world1 Read the passage and answer the questions.1 What childhood memories does each one describe?Deborah used to
49、 help her grandmother cook for Jewish festivals. Myeong Ok Lee once tried his grandmothers rolled cigarettes. Olga played with stray cats and dogs. Yildiz played in a Russian plane which landed in their playground.2 Why did Deborah feel proud when she helped her grandmother?Because she felt that cooking was important.3 Why do you think Myeong Ok Lee was so embarrassed?Because he didnt know how to smoke properly and made a fool of himself.4 Why was Olgas mother shocked with her?Because Olga brought stray cats and dogs home.5 Why do you think the Russian pilot was arrested
