1、Lesson 71 A Famous Clock 一个著名的大钟 【Text】When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben tak
2、es its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hea
3、r the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! 【课文翻译】当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的
4、东西之一就是“大本” 钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。如果不是国会大厦在 1834 年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。 “大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。此钟不仅外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上 接了麦克风。 “大本” 钟很多出差错。然而有一次，它却把时间报错。在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！New words and expressions 生词和短语【生词讲解】1. par
5、liament 国会 the Houses of Parliament (英国的) 国会大厦Member of Parliament 国会议员 Eg: Parliament today approved the policy, but it has not yet become law.现在国会通过政策，但是政策还没有变成法律。 parliament n 议会，国会erect v 建立accurate adj 准确的official n 官员，行政人员Greenwich n 格林威治observatory n 天文台check v 检查microphone n 扩音器，麦克风tower n 塔
6、 2. Erect v. 建造，树立，建起 V. erect a monument 建立纪念碑1) 竖起，搭起erect a tent 搭起帐篷Eg: The building was erected in 1900-1901.此建筑是在 1900 年到 1901 年间建造的。 Eg: Demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliament building. 示威者在去往国会大楼的路上竖起了路障。 Eg: We all unconsciously erect barriers between each
7、other. 我们都不知不觉的在彼此之间竖起了隔阂 2) adj.竖立的，垂直的，直立的stand erect 直立Eg: Hold your head erect.把头挺直。3. accurate adj. 精确的，准确的 an accurate clock, map 准确的钟，地图Eg: His description was accurate.他的叙述很准确。Eg: Police have stressed that this is the most accurate description of the killer 警察强调说这就是杀人犯最为精确的描述了。 Eg: Journalis
8、ts are not always accurate in what they write.新闻工作者的报道并非一贯准确。take accurate aim 瞄得准an accurate dimension 精确的尺寸accurately adv.accuracy n.4. Official1）官方的 Official affairs 公务,公事Official funds 公款Official documents 官方文件an official announcement 官方公告an official website 官方网站Eg: The official reason given for
9、 the Presidents absence was sickness.对于总统的缺席，官方给出的原因是生病了。2）官员 Eg: A senior UN official hopes to visit Baghdad this month.联合国的一个高级官员希望这个月去访问巴格达。 5. Greenwich n. 格林尼治/ 格林威治Greenwich Mean Time 世界时（也叫格林尼治 /格林威治时间）缩写 GMT6. observatory n. 天文台，气象台1）observe vt. 庆祝 =celebrateEg: How do you observe Childrens
10、Day? 你如何庆祝儿童节？vt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论Eg: Someone who doesnt observe traffic regulations will sweat. 不遵守交通规则者必将要吃苦头。Eg: We can observe our kids and learn more about them. 我们就可以观察我们的孩子，更多地了解他们。2）Observer n 观察者Eg: I think thats what I learned from him: how to be an observer. 我想这是我从他那里学到的：怎么做一个观察者。3） observa
11、tory 天文台，气象台7. Check 检查，核对 Eg: Check the accuracy of everything in your CV.检查你的简历上每处都是准确的。Eg: I think there is an age limit, but I have to check. 我觉得是有年龄限制的，但是我需要查一下 Eg: I shall need to check with the duty officer 我要与执勤管核对一下。Eg: He must check his work more carefully because its full of mistakes.他检查工
12、作时要再仔细一些，因为到处是错。check in/check out 入房登记，退房办理check in ones luggage 托运行李check (up) on sb. 调查某人的行为，背景等Eg: The police are checking up on him.警方正在调查他checklist 清单 check-point 检查点n. hold/keep sth in check 抑制，约束，制止keep my temper in check 控制我自己不发脾气8. Microphone 麦克风，扩音器，话筒Eg: I keep these songs in my head unt
13、il I get behind the microphone. 直到站在话筒前我一直是将这些歌记在脑中。Eg: Record a CD. If you have a computer and microphone, all you need is your talent. 做一张 CD 唱片。如果你拥有电脑和麦克风，所有你需要的只是你的才能。Eg: Would you like to talk to me on the microphone, instead of typing in the chatroom. 你愿意用麦克风跟我讲话，而不是在聊天室里打字吗？9. Tower n 塔Eg: T
14、he Tower of London stands in the East End of London. 伦敦塔位于伦敦的东区。Eg: I felt dizzy when I looked down from the top of the television tower. 当我从电视塔顶往下看时，我感到头晕目眩。虚拟语气很重要，左边是最最基本的考点。【课文讲解】1. When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all ov
15、er the world on the B.B.C.famousEg: London was once famous for its fogs.伦敦曾以多雾而闻名Eg:Brighton is famous as a bathing place.布来顿以海水浴场驰名 the B.B.C. =British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 在电视上看到，在广播里听到都用 on。 Eg: I saw him on TV last night. 昨天晚上我看到他上电视了。when 引导的时间状语从句。one of +名词复数 （前面可以用序数词，最高级等修饰） one
16、of the most famous singers you will see 是定语从句 ，作 things 的定语。省略了 that，只能用 that.Big Ben 和 the famous clock 同位语which can be heard 定语从句 an be heard 情态动词的被动语态2. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.If 引导的非真实条件句(详见 key structure) 对过去事情
17、的虚拟：If +从句（过去完成时） ， 主句 (would have done）Eg:If I had worked harder at school, I would have got a better job .对现在事情的虚拟：If +从句（一般过去时） ，主句（ would do）Eg:If I were in your position, I would act differently .Eg:If you saw him now you wouldnt recognize him .错综时间下的用法：过去条件+现实情况 Eg: If he had taken the doctors
18、 advice, he should not be ill now.要是当初听了医生的话，他现在就不会生病了。 Eg: If the doctor hadnt come in time, the patient would be dead by now. 大夫及时到了，病人得救了。 burn down 使（烧成平地） ，烧毁Eg: The hospital was burned down last month.那家医院上个月被烧毁了。burn 烧坏，烧伤，烧焦，烫伤,晒伤Eg: The soup is very hot. Dont burn your mouth.汤很热，别烫伤了你的嘴。Eg:
19、 Sorry,Ive burnt the sausage.对不起，我把香肠给烤焦了。Burn for sth.（通常用于进行时态。表示极欲做某事）Eg: He is burning for avenging the death of his father.他心急如焚要报杀父之仇。Eg: burn ones boats/bridges 断某人后路，破釜沉舟burn the midnight oil 开夜车burn oneself out 筋疲力尽或损害了自己的健康（指劳累过度）Eg: If he doesnt stop working so hard,hell burn himself out.
20、他继续这样拼命工作，就会累垮的。3. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.take its name from 以命名Eg: The Hubble telescope takes its name from Hubble .Sir Benjamin Hall sir+人的全名 表示爵士。Sir Walter Scott who 引导的定语从句b
21、e responsible for 为负责Eg: She is my child, and I am responsible for her. 她是我的孩子,我对她负责。 the making of the clock = making the clock when 引导的时间状语从句4. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.not only but as well 不但 而且be +of +n. 用来表示人或物的特征。Eg: We are of the same age .Eg: This let
22、ter is of great importance .extremely accurate 极其精确（副词修饰形容词）quite sure 十分确信5. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.H have sb doing sth 让某人一直做have sb do = let sb do =make sb do让某人做某事have sth to do 有什么事情要做have sth done 让某事被做 （让别人做）= ask sb to do sth6On the B.B.C. you
23、 can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.strike v. 敲钟，打，打击（struck ,struck)connect to 这里是被动语态the clock tower 钟塔rarely adv. 几乎不 go wrong （with sth.) 出错，出故障， （机器等）发生故障/出毛病Eg: My watch/the engine of the car has g
24、one wrong. Eg: Something has gone wrong with my car. 6. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! fail to do sth. 没有做某事，未履行做某事，失败做某事give the correct time 给予正确的时间7. A painter who had been
25、working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! who 引导的定语从句had been doing 过去完成进行时hang sth. on sth.a pot of paint 一桶油漆slow down让某物慢下来。Eg: He slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic.【关键词组摘录】1. all over the world 2. burn down 3. take ones name from4. be respo
26、nsible for5. not only, but also6. of immense size【Key structure】虚拟语气详细讲义语法：虚拟语气： 一虚拟语气的定义 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed!祝您成功！ 二虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。 条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚
27、拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。if 有表示“如果”的意思如： If time permits, well go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 （主将从现）如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you woul
28、d have met that famous professor. 如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。 （隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授） 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下： 区分 条件从句 主句 与现在事实相反 If主语过去式（从句中系动词 be 多用 were 形式） 主语would/should/could动词原形 与过去事实相反 If主语had过去分词 主语would/should/couldhave过去分词 与将来事实相反 If主语过去式/should 主语would/should/could7. extremely
29、accurate8. have the clock checked9. be connected to10. go wrong11. fail to do sth12. slow it down 动词原形/were to动词原形 动词原形动词形式 时间从句主句 与现在事实相反动词过去式从句用过去式(be 的过去式用 were) 主句 would(could/should/might)+动词原形 与过去事实相反从句用 had+动词过去分词 主句用 would(could/should/might)+have过去分词 与将来事实可能相反动词过去式 从句用 should+动词原形 主句用 would
30、(could/should/might)+动词原形 或者 were to+动词原形 would(could/should/might)+动词原形 注：主句中的 should 只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should 常被 would 代替；从句中的 should 可用于各种人称。 1表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如： If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth. 要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。 （事实上我不是你） If she had time, she would(could, might)help m
31、e. 如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。 （事实上她没有时间） 2 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如： If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, might)have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。 （事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。 ） If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt(couldnt) have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。 （事实上你根本没听我的）
32、 3 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如： If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved. 假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。 -What would happen if I put the paper on the fire？ -It would burn. -我若把只放在火上会怎么样？ -纸会烧着。 注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to + 动词原形比较正式，常用于书面语中。如： If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a
33、chance to visit Tian An Men Square. 三虚拟语气的其它用法 1 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that”这类句型中，that 所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”， “奇怪”， “自然”， “必要”等意义。如: It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English. 重要的是每个北京人能说英语。 It is necessary t
34、hat he (should) be sent to hospital at once. 有必要马上把他送医院。2 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 （1）在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词 that。 a.表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be 的过去式用 were )表示。如： I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。 （可惜不知道） I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around
35、 但愿我的家乡四季如春。 （只是愿望，实际根本不可能实现） b.表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用 had+过去分词。如： I wish (that) I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。 （实际上已经浪费掉了） He wishes (wished) he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。 （事实上机会已经失去了，他感到惋惜） c.表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为 “would/should/could/might+动词原形” ，此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实
36、现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动作名词除外） 。如： I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。 I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。 （2）在 suggest（建议）, demand(要求), order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command(命令), request(要求), desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 “(should)+动词原形” ，表示建议，要求，命令等。如： I suggest that we (should) start the meetin
37、g at once.我建议马上开会 The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south 这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。 注：当 suggest 表示暗示，主语为 something；insist 表示坚持观点时，后接的宾语从句用真实语气。比较： His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision. 他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。 He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision 他建议我坚持自己的决
38、定。 He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。 He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day 他坚持他每天都要早操 3 虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法 当主语为 advice, suggestion, order, proposal 等词时后接表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内容。 如： My advice is that you sho
39、uld practise speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.司令官的命令是部队立即开拔去前线。 4特殊的虚拟语气结构。 （1）虚拟语气用在状语从句中 由 as if 或 as ，though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式 (bewere) 或 had + 过去分词。如： The te
40、acher treats the student as if he were her own child 这位老师带这位学生就象她的亲生孩子一样。 He speaks as if he had been to the United States 他说得好象他真的到过美国似的。 （2）在 It is time (that) ; Id rather (that)句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气，意思是“该干某事了，时间已经有些晚了” “我宁愿/希望” 。如： It is time that we did something to stop pollution. 该我们做些什么制止污
41、染的时候了。 It is time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten. 该父亲去幼儿园接莉莉的时候了。 Id rather you told me the truth. 我真希望你告诉我真相。 Id rather I didnt see you again. 我宁愿不再见着你。 （3）虚拟语气用在简单句中 a 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如： Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post offic
42、e? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 b 在一些习惯表达中。如： Youd better set off now. 你最好现在就出发。 Id rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 c 用 “may+动词原形” 表示祝愿，但愿，此时 may 须置于句首（多用于正式文体中） 。如： May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ May you do even bett
43、er!祝你取得更大成就！ 用动词原形。例如： Long live the people! 人民万岁！ “God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！ ” 5虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法 在名词 advice, suggestion, order, proposal 等后接的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，起形式为 “(should)+动词原形” ，说明“建议” ， “劝告” ， “命令”等的具体内容。如 ： The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time
44、. 提前两天完成工作的命令传来了。 Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she should be operated on. 她勉强接受了他们要她去接受手术的建议。 （一） 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句) -考点，难点（二） 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如： If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。 （
45、从句说明过去，主句说明现在） If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。 （从句说明现在，主句说明过去） If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。这个虚拟语气讲义包含了所有虚拟语气的知识点和考点，做题目的时候，大家可以根据讲义边看边做加深熟练程度。然后再过渡到脱离讲义，独立练习。
