1、第一单元1、英译汉Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist. 亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics, poetry, theater, music, linguistics, politics and government, and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy
2、. 他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics. 亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。He believed all peoples concepts and all their knowledge were
3、 ultimately based on perception.他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。 His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works.他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era.他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。His works contain the earliest known formal study of
4、logic, and even today all aspects of Aristotles philosophy continue to be the important subject of academic study. His philosophy had a long-lasting influence on the development of all Western philosophical theories. 他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究，即使在今天，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。More than 2,300 years aft
5、er his death, Aristotle remains one of the most influential philosophers and scientists. 他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。在去世 2,300 多年后，亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。 二、汉译英中庸思想（Doctrine of the Mean）是儒家思想的核心内容。孔子所谓的 “中“不是指 “折中 “，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度“ 和“恰如其分“的方法。孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待，而且还应该通过自身修养和锻炼，把它融入自己的
6、日常行为当中，使之成为一种美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。从它形成到现在，一直为民族精神的构建、民族智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。 The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called “mean“ by Confucius doesnt mean “compromise“ but a “moderate“ and “just-right“ way when understanding and handling objective things. Confuciu
7、s advocated that this thought should not only be treated as a way to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into ones daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component
8、 of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture. 第二单元2、英译汉William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest wri
9、ter in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent (杰出的 ) dramatist. His plays have been translated into a vast number of languages and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeares early works were mostly comedies and histories, which have the reputation of being amo
10、ng the finest masterpieces produced in these genres (体裁) even today. Later on, Shakespeare wrote mainly tragedies, some of which, like Hamlet and King Lear, earned him fame in the entire Western literature. The most striking features of Shakespeare are his brilliant use of language and his universal
11、 themes. He contributed thousands of words to English, many of which have become embedded in the language. His themes are so universal that they transcend generations to stir the imaginations of readers and audiences worldwide. Shakespeare has influenced and inspired many writers over the centuries.
12、 His writings remain highly popular today, and they are constantly studied, performed, and reinterpreted in diverse cultures throughout the world. Shakespeare will continue to have an enormous impact on future playwrights, novelists, poets, actors, and scholars.人们普遍认为，威廉 莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。他的剧本被
13、译成多种语言，并且比其他任何剧作家的作品都上演得多。莎士比亚的早期作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。即使在今天，这些作品仍是同类作品中的杰作，享有绝佳声望。后来莎士比亚的创作主要是悲剧，其中一些作品，如哈姆雷特和李尔王，为其在整个西方文学界赢得了声誉。莎士比亚最显著的特点是其精彩的语言运用及具有普遍意义的主题。他创造了数千个英语词汇，其中许多已经深植于英语中。他的作品主题具有普遍意义，所以能够数代流传，激发世界各地读者和观众的想象力。数世纪以来，莎士比亚影响和激励了许多作家。其作品至今依旧广受欢迎，在世界各地的文化中被不断地研究、上演和诠释。莎士比亚将继续对未来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大
14、影响。 二、汉译英中国的四大名著是指三国演义（Romance of the Three Kingdoms）、水浒传（Outlaws of the Marsh）、西游记（Journey to the West）和红楼梦（A Dream of Red Mansions）四部著名小说。它们的创作时间均处于元末明初至清代期间，其内容反映了中国古代的政治和军事斗争、社会矛盾、文化信仰等各个方面。四大名著具有很高的艺术水平，代表了中国古典小说的高峰。书中的许多人物和场景在中国家喻户晓，并且已经深深地影响了整个民族的思想观念和价值取向。四本著作在中国古代民俗、封建制度、社会生活等多个领域皆有巨大的研究价值，
15、是中国乃至全人类的宝贵文化遗产。 The four great classic Chinese novels are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. All the four novels were written during the period from the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties to the Qing Dynasty. They all reflect variou
16、s aspects of ancient China, including political and military strife, social conflicts and cultural beliefs. The four novels are of supreme artistic standards, representing the peak of Chinas classic novels. Lots of the characters and scenes in the books are well-known in China and have exerted profo
17、und influences on the ideology and values of the entire nation. Highly valuable for the research of Chinas ancient customs, feudal system, and social life, the four classic novels are precious cultural relics of China as well as the human society as a whole. 第三单元1、 英译汉With the development of compute
18、r science and the Internet technology, social networking services (SNS) have come to be a widely popular platform to build social networks or social relations among people in recent years. SNS are web-based services that allow individuals to create a public profile, create a list of users with whom
19、to share connection, and view and cross the connections within the system. Social networking sites are varied and they incorporate new information and communication tools, allowing users to share ideas, pictures, posts, activities, events, interests with people in their network. SNS have affected th
20、e social life and activity of people in various ways. With its availability on many mobile devices, a social networking service allows the users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet. A
21、 social networking service can also unite people with common interests and beliefs through groups and other pages, and has been known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network. 近年来，随着计算机科学和互联网技术的发展，社交网络服务（SNS）已经成为人们构建社交网络和社会关系的一个广受欢迎的平台。SNS 是基于网页的服务，允许
22、个人创建面向公众的个人简介，创建用户名单以分享社会联系，并对系统内的关系网进行浏览和交叉连接。社交网站多种多样，可整合各种新的信息及通讯工具，并允许用户跟网络中的其他人分享观点、图片、帖子、活动、事件以及兴趣爱好等。 SNS 已通过各种方式影响到人们的社会生活以及社交活动。随着各种移动设备对 SNS 访问的实现，只要能连接上互联网，用户在世界上的任何地方都能一直与朋友、亲戚及其他认识的人保持联络。 SNS 还可让拥有相同兴趣和信念的人通过群组或其他页面建立联系，同时，由于其网络分布广阔，还能让失散的家庭成员或朋友重新团聚，这点早已为人所知。 2、 汉译英近年来，随着互联网技术的迅猛发展，互联网
23、经济已成为一个热门话题。以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已成为经济发展的重要引擎。我国政府高度重视发展互联网经济，提出了“互联网+”的概念，以推动互联网与医疗、交通、教育、金融、公共服务等领域的结合。这将为互联网经济的发展提供极大的发展潜力和更广阔的发展空间。随着“互联网+”战略的深入实施，互联网必将与更多传统行业进一步融合，助力打造“中国经济升级版”。 In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet technology, the Internet economy has become a hot issue. As re
24、presented by the promising E-commerce, the Internet economy has become a strong driving force for the economic development. Our government attaches great importance to developing the Internet economy and proposes the concept of “Internet Plus“, aiming to integrate Internet with other industries, suc
25、h as health care, transportation, education, finance, and public service. This will create great potential and broad prospects for the development of the Internet economy. With the implementation of the “Internet Plus“ strategy, the Internet is certain to be integrated with more traditional industri
26、es and help build “the upgraded version of the Chinese economy“. 第三单元1、 英译汉Baroque architecture is a building style that flourished in Europe between the late 16th and mid-18th century. It evolved out of Renaissance architecture in Italy, when the Renaissance architects began to get bored of the sym
27、metry (对称) and same old forms they had been using for the past 200 years, and started to make bold, curving and not at all symmetrical buildings called the Baroque buildings. Baroque-style buildings share some common characteristics. Marble, gilt (镀金) and bronze were the materials the Baroque archit
28、ects used in abundance. Oval was the most distinct and a very common shape incorporated into Baroque architecture. Dramatic use of light is important, and is achieved either through strong light-and-shade contrasts or uniform lighting by means of windows. Opulent use of color and ornaments is preval
29、ent, as can be seen in the large-scale frescoes (湿壁画) painted on the ceilings. There is usually a central projection that is quite large and juts outward, and domes erected in a pear shape are often seen. The most well-known Baroque buildings include the St. Pauls Cathedral in the UK and the Palace
30、of Versailles in France. Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini were the two main architects of the Baroque era. 巴洛克建筑是一种建筑风格，兴盛于 16 世纪晚期至 18 世纪中期的欧洲。它由意大利文艺复兴时期的建筑发展而来，当时文艺复兴建筑师开始对过去 200 多年来一直沿用的对称的、一成不变的旧建筑形式感到厌倦，开始建造醒目的、具有曲线性而非对称的巴洛克建筑。巴洛克风格的建筑有一些共同特征。大理石、镀金、青铜是巴洛克建筑师大量使用的材料。椭圆形是巴洛克建筑最鲜明且十分
31、常见的形状。戏剧性的光照运用也是其重要特征，主要是通过强烈的光影对比或由窗户进入的均匀光线来实现。丰富的色彩和装饰运用也很常见，这从天花板上的大幅壁画中可以看出。巴洛克建筑通常正中还有一个相当大并且向外突出的部分，梨形的拱顶也十分常见。最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英国的圣保罗大教堂和法国的凡尔赛宫。杰安劳伦佐 贝尼尼和弗朗西斯科 博罗米尼是巴洛克时期两位主要的建筑师。 二、汉译英苏州园林是中国古典园林最杰出的代表，大部分为私家所有。苏州园林始于春秋，兴于宋元，盛于明清。清末苏州已有各色园林 170 余处，为其赢得了“园林之城“ 的称号。现保存完好的园林有 60 多处，对外开放的有十余处。其中沧浪亭、
32、狮子林、拙政园和留园分别代表着宋、元、明、清四个朝代的艺术风格，被称为“ 苏州四大名园 “。苏州园林宅园合一，可赏，可游，可居，其建筑规制反映了中国古代江南民间的生活方式和礼仪习俗。苏州园林不仅是历史文化的产物，同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。1997 年，苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“ 世界遗产名录 “。 Suzhou gardens are the most outstanding representatives of classical Chinese gardens. Most of them were privately-owned. The gardens first appea
33、red in the Spring and Autumn Period, developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. By the late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as many as over 170 gardens of diverse styles, winning it the name “The City of Gardens“. Now, over 60 gardens are kept in good condi
34、tion, of which more than 10 are open to the public. The Surging Wave Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrators Garden and the Lingering Garden are called the four most famous gardens in Suzhou, representing the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties respectively.
35、 Suzhou gardens are assemblies of residences and gardens, which makes them suitable places for living, visiting and appreciating. The architectural principles of the gardens are a demonstration of the lifestyles and social customs of the ancient Chinese people in the south of the Lower Yangtze River
36、. Suzhou gardens are not only a product of Chinese history and culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese ideology and culture. In 1997, Suzhou gardens were inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO. 第五单元一、英译汉The Renaissance was an influential cultural movement which brought about a per
37、iod of scientific revolution and artistic transformation at the dawn of modern European history. It began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe, immediately following the Middle Ages and spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. The Renaissance was characterized by a revival of i
38、nterest in classical learning, wisdom and values from the Ancient Greek and Roman eras. Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study and searched for realism and human emotion in art. Scientists no longer accepted the teachings of the Church at face value. Instead, they studied the nat
39、ural world through their own observation and experimentation. Likewise, artists developed new techniques and achieved more advanced effects by applying mathematics and optics (光学) to paintings, sculpture and other art forms. The Renaissance profoundly changed the European intellectual life in the ea
40、rly modern period. Through the rediscovery of ancient texts, it triggered both a rebirth of classical learning and a rebirth of European culture in general. Its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, and many other fields. 文艺复兴是一场影响巨大的文化运动。它在现代欧洲史的开端时期开创了一个科学革命和艺术变革时代。
41、它始于意大利，之后蔓延到欧洲其他国家。它紧接在中世纪之后，贯穿 14 至 17 世纪。文艺复兴时期的特点是，人们对古希腊和古罗马时期的古典知识、智慧和价值观重新焕发了兴趣。文艺复兴时期的学者在学术中采用人文方法，在艺术上追寻现实主义和人类情感。科学家们不再一味地接受教堂传播的说教。相反，他们通过观察和实验来研究自然世界。同样，艺术家们将数学和光学运用到绘画、雕塑及其他艺术形式中，从而发展出新技术，并取得了更高水平的艺术效果。文艺复兴深刻地改变了现代早期的欧洲知识界。它通过对古代文献的重新发现，触发了古典知识和整个欧洲文化的重生。文学、哲学、艺术、政治、科学及其他许多领域都能感受到它的影响2、
42、汉译英中华文明曾对世界文明产生过重大影响。近年来，随着我国经济的发展和国际地位的提升，历史悠久的中国文化正引起世界新的关注。越来越多的中国元素为当今世界时尚、文学、影视作品等提供了创作灵感，成为热门题材。这一现象表明，世界需要中国文化。在这种背景下，我国决定实施文化“走出去“的战略，以加强中国与世界其他各国的文化交流。经过数年的努力，这项工程已经取得了很大成绩。文化“走出去“ 大力推动了我国文化产业的发展，正成为提升我国国家形象和综合实力的有效途径。 Chinese civilization once had a significant influence on world civilizat
43、ion. With the development of our countrys economy and the rise of her international status in recent years, Chinese culture, which has a long history, is once again attracting global attention. More and more Chinese cultural elements provide inspiration for and become popular subjects of fashions, l
44、iterature and movies around the world. This shows that the world needs Chinese culture. It was in this context that China decided to implement the “Culture Exporting“ strategy so as to enhance her cultural exchanges with the rest of the world. After several years efforts, great achievements have been made in this respect. “Culture Exporting“ has greatly promoted the development of our cultural industries. It is becoming an effective approach through which China enhances her national image and comprehensive strength.
