1、1主谓一致 （*）主谓一致的概念。所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式） 。（1）主谓一致的种类一、 【语法一致】1. 两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用 复数。He and she _both students of this school. （2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. Th
2、e knife and fork _on the table. 2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词 ing 形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming seems very important. Collecting stamps is his hobby. To love her is not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。 .3. 定语从句的关系代词 who, which, that 在从句中作主语时，要与的人称和数保持一致。Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom, who is
3、 your friend, should help you.如果句子中有这些连接词（with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including）和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 二、意义一致原则指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。 （有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意
4、义上却是单数。 ）1 中心词为 all, most, some, any, none 作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of 在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与 of 后面的名词保
5、持一致。Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有 public, family, class, crowd, population, team,
6、 group。His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。4. 某些名词如 people, police, cattle 等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数 , 谓语动词应用复数。people 指“民族”时是例外。The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如 someone ,somebody, something, anybody,
7、anyone, 2anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. Nothing is found in the room. 6. 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般
8、用单数形式。The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。7. 某些名词以 s 结尾如 maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。 8. 不定代词 each, every, no 所修饰的名词，谓语动词仍用单数形式。every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中 and 连接的
9、单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. Each man and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。9. 以 a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以 the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。A number
10、of new books are on the desk.The number of students in you class is 50.10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 等。Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。 11.如果主语有 more than one（很多 非常）或 many a(许多) 构成，one and
11、 a half 与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是， “more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。More members than one are against your plan. A pair of shoes was on the desk. Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,
12、 谓语动词常用单数。Thirty years is not a long time.Roots is a famous American novel.三、就近原则either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or 在句子中连接主语的时候或者在 there be 句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the t
13、eacher wishes for a holiday.注意事项1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语 this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) (这一类人), 但 this kind of men 的谓语用单数, men of this kind 的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。3This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dang
14、erous.2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows hangs a picture.3. “分数或百分数 +名词”构成的短语以及由 “ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:Lots of damage was caused by fire.About t
15、hree-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.4. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.(短语 in quantity, i
16、n large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small quantities 意为“少量” 。) a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如:5. 表示数量的 one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时 ,谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half bananas is left on the table. 6.单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表
17、示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep, deer, means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类)7.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.练习一1.Three _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds people B. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples2. Either you or
18、the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing out B. are to hand outC. are handing out D. is to hand out3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. am B. is C. are D. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, wh
19、ich _ known to us all.A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; wasC. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A. were; it B. are; themC. was; it D. is; them6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are expl
20、oitedC. had exploited D. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. is B. was C. are D. were8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. are B. are going to beC. is D. is to be49. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. is B. are C. was D. were10. _ either
21、 of your parents come to see you recently?A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A. is B. are C. have D. has12. The whole family _ TV attentively.A. are watching B. is watchingC. is seeing D. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my
22、 father the day before yesterday.A. was B. wereC. have been D. would be14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. were B. was C. is D. sits15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preserved B. is not preservedC. were preser
23、ved D. have not been preserved16. There _ little change in that middle school.A. have B. had C. have been D. has been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to be B. / C. is D. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A. is covered B. is coveringC. were covered
24、D. are covered19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. being B. are C. was D. were20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A. are B. is C. am D. were21. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kites history.A. have told B. tellsC. were told D. was told22. You and I _ twin sisters.A. were
25、 B. are C. is D. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of time.A. rots away B. rot awayC. has rotted away D. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as
26、 volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaning B. are cleaningC. were cleaning D. have cleaned26. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have known B. knowsC. is known D. are known27. The defence works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away.5A. were B. has beenC. had been
27、D. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？”“_ .”A. Nobody of us has B. Nobody of us haveC. None of us has D. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers _ quickly towards their position.A. were advancing B. were advancedC. was advancing D. advancing30. Everyone, me
28、n and women, old and young _ sports and games.A. is enjoy B. were enjoyingC. enjoys D. enjoy练习二1. The old _well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was2. The secretary and manager _very busy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. Both the secretary and the manager _agreed
29、to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. was4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had been5. Either you or I _going to the teachers office after class.A. am B. is C. are D. will6. Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A. are B. were C.
30、was D. have been7. This is one of the best novels that _appeared this year.A.have been B. has C. had been D. have8. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum.A.are B. is C. were D. have9. About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D . was10. Mr Smith， together with his children，
31、 _arrived.A.are B. has C. is D. have11. It _I who _leaving for London.A.isis B. amis C. isam D. amam12. Not only Tom but also his wife _fond of watching television.A. are B. were C. be D. is13. When and where to build the new factory _yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. ha
32、ve not decided14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest _.6A. are difficult B. has proved difficultC. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult15. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. is B. was C. are D. were16. Half of his goods _ stolen the other
33、day.A. are B. were C. is D. was17. Mathematics _the language of science.A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be18. Each of the students _ a Chinese-English dictionary.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are19. They each _ a beautiful handkerchief.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are20. Betwee
34、n the two rows of trees _the teaching building.A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are21. This pair of shoes _made in Nanjing.A.is B. are C. have been D. had been22. No one except my parents _anything about it.A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known23. A number of students _from the south.A. are
35、B. is C. have D. has24. The number of students from the north _small.A.are B. is C. have D. has25. Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most，A.is B. are C. was D. were26. His “Selected Poems“ _first published in 1965.A.were B. was C. has been D. are27. Miss Smith is a friend of _.A. Marys moth
36、ers B. Marys mother C. Mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers28. A good deal of money _spent on books.A. have B. has C. have been D. has been29. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging30. _turn green in spring.A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves31. Father went to his doctor
37、for _about his heart trouble.A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices32. All but one _here just now.7A. is B. was C. has been D. were33. The number of people invited _fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were34. The air in b
38、ig cities _very dirty by factories.A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made35. Nobody _to smoke in the cinema.A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed36. The Chinese people _hard-working and brave.A. are B. is C. has been D. are being37. _can be done _been done.
39、A. All; have B. All that; have C. All; has D. All that; has38. John has two brothers， but either _out of work now.A. are B. is C. has D. have39. The police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching
40、40. Apples of this kind _.A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well41. Your trousers _dirty， you must have _washed.A. is; it B. are; it C. are; them D. is; them42. Where _rubbish， there are flies.A. there are B. there is C. is D. there has43. The Olympic Games _held every _years.A. i
41、s; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five44. Many a man _ come to help us.A. have B. has C. is D. are45. He is the only one of the students who _elected.A. are B. have C. has D. is46. Three-fourths of the homework _today.A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished
42、47. Those who _ in _compositions， please hand them in this afternoon.A. hasnt handed; his B. havent handed; their C.has handed; their D. have handed; his48. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _by their teacher.A. are praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising49. The whole class _the
43、 teacher attentively.A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening50. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower“. A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand81.解析：选 B. hundred 一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s2. 解析：选 D. 当 either or 连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。 “be
44、+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。3. 解析：选 A. who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是 I , 所以谓语动词要用 am.4. 解析：选 D. 主语 the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为 which 引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。5.解析：选 C. there be 句型中 be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。6. 解析：选 A. 主语为 coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。7. 解析：选 A. 主语 Stor
45、ies of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。8. 解析：选 C. 此处 mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。9. 解析：选 B. both-and-连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。10.解析：选 C. either 是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与 either 要数上保持一致。11.解析：选 B. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。12.解析：选 A. 此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。13. 解析：选
46、A. 此处 nothing 句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。14. 解析：选 A. 此句为倒装句，句子的主语是 a soldier and two young people.15. 解析：选 B. 此处主语 law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.16. 解析：选 D. 此处 there be 结构中的主语 little change 是不可数名词。17. 解析：选 C. 本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。18. 解析：选 A. 本句缺谓语，主语 percent 后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。19. 解析：选 B.
47、 本句的表语 是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。20.解析：选 C. 根据 就近一致性原则，谓语用 am.21. 解析：选 B. 本句的主语是书名，从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。22. 解析：选 B. 用 and 连接两个并列主语时，谓语用非第三人称单数形.23.解析：选 B. 本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。24.解析：选 B. 本句主语是 tons, 是复数形式，rot 是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。25.解析：选 A. 本句主语 Mayor 是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。26. 解析：选 B.主语 many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。27. 解析：选 D. 主语 works 是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称
