1、 专业英语论文考核专业年级 机械电子 141 姓 名 韦 继 虎 学 号 1611140109 指导教师 董 文 彬 完成时间 2017 年 6 月 10 日 1Application and Development of Lightweight Material for AutomobileAbstractCar lightweight is an important means to achieve energy-saving emission reduction and methods, in improving the fuel economy and environmental pr
2、otection has an important role. At present, the lightweight new material is the main way of the current body weight reduction, through the multi-material structure optimization, both to improve vehicle performance, but also significantly reduce the quality. This chapter discusses the performance and
3、 application of several lightweight materials, describes the development of lightweight materials in the automotive industry and the application of the trendKey words: automotive ；lightweight ；lightweight materialsIPrefaceThe study of lightweight car is a mainstream of modern car design and manufact
4、uring. Car lightweight, is to ensure the strength and safety of the car under the premise of the car as much as possible to reduce the quality of the preparation, thereby enhancing the vehicles power, reduce fuel consumption and reduce exhaust pollution. Data show that if the car to reduce the quali
5、ty of 10%, fuel efficiency can be increased by 6% to 8%, fuel consumption can be reduced by 6% to 10%. Fuel consumption decline, emissions also decreased, while resource utilization increased, extended life of the car, the use of performance has improved significantly. Car body quality accounts for
6、about 50% of the quality of the vehicle, it is clear that the lightweight body for the vehicle lightweight play a pivotal role 1. At present, the car body weight reduction has two main research directions: First, the use of lightweight materials; Second, optimize the structure. Structural optimizati
7、on potential space has been very small, the gradual use of lightweight new materials is the current body of one of the main means of lightweight.1 New high strength steelIn recent years, with the progress of metallurgical technology, on the basis of high-strength steel, with ultra-low carbon as the
8、basic characteristics, and gradually formed with deep drawing, high strength, baking hardening performance of new high-strength steel. At present, the use of high-strength automotive body is mainly sheet metal and pipe. Mainly: (1) BH steel (bake hardening steel). BH steel plate yield strength in th
9、e baking paint increased, without loss of formability under the premise of improving the anti-depression, can reduce the steel plate, mainly for high strength and difficult to form parts, such as roof, Doors, luggage and other components, the main use of tensile strength of 340 390MPa BH steel plate
10、. (2) RIP steel (phase change induced plastic steel). Mainly used for the collision must absorb more energy when the high-strength structural parts, such as body frame. (3) MS steel (martensitic IIphase steel). Used to hit the high impact parts, that is, in a very short collision deformation stroke
11、to absorb a lot of energy, such as side crash protection. (4) boron steel. Used to require high strength and high degree of molding of parts, can minimize the quality. Such as A, B column reinforcement, etc. 2.Practice has proved that when the thickness of the steel were reduced 0.05,0.10,0.15 mm, t
12、he body weight loss were 6%, 12%, 18%. In terms of development trends, the use of new high-strength steel plate in the body is constantly thinning, while the body strength has increased, while increasing the safety of the car, reducing noise and vibration, improve fuel efficiency and reduce the over
13、all quality of the car. The cost did not increase, while the acceleration, driving performance has improved. Whether from the cost point of view, or from the performance point of view, the new high-strength steel plate is to meet the lightweight body to improve the safety of the collision of the bes
14、t materials. The proportion of new high-strength steel plates used in various automobile factories is increasing. Japans Mitsubishi Pajero (SPORT) for the companys latest SUV car designed a new body structure, body 70% of the components made of high-strength steel plate, the vehicles torsional stiff
15、ness even higher than the Grand Cherokee 45% Body carrying capacity of up to 2t or more. Fords Windstar body frame 60% is high strength steel. Toyotas new Vitz body structure in high-strength steel accounted for 48%, than the companys Starlet car to reduce the quality of 17kg.However, the high stren
16、gth of the steel sheet is liable to cause a decrease in plasticity, a poor formability, and an increase in yield strength, which causes surface distortion and springback, and increases the shapes instability. Thus, high strength steel sheets are a difficult to form material. Thermoforming technology
17、 is a new type of high-strength stamping parts for the advanced manufacturing technology, can be used to form a strength of up to 1500MPa stamping parts, including the thermoforming process is stamping The frontier technology of the field can be widely used in the production of front and rear bumper
18、, A-pillar, B-pillar, C-pillar, roof structure, door interior plate, door anti-collision beam and other components.III2 light alloy material2.1 aluminum and aluminum alloyAluminum is the ideal choice for lightweight car, the resource is wide, lightweight, recycling, saving resources, absorbing impac
19、t energy, corrosion resistance, is the best overall performance of the basic material. The aluminum alloy used in the body is mainly deformed aluminum alloy, mainly AI-Cu-Mg system (2000 series), AI-Mg system (5000 series), AI-Mg-Si series (6000 series), AI-Mg- Zn-Cu system. Which 2000 series and 60
20、00 series is heat treatment can strengthen the alloy, while the 5000 series is heat treatment can not strengthen the alloy. The former through the coating drying process after the strength is improved, mainly for the body outside the board and other emphasis on strength, stiffness of the site, such
21、as car cover, hood, lift rear door, front fender, etc .; the latter excellent shape, Mainly used in the body plate and other complex parts of the shape, such as car floor structure and so on. At present, low density, high strength, high elastic modulus and superplasticity of the AI-Li alloy and alum
22、inum anti-vibration plate, etc. has been gradually applied to the body.Aluminum alloy has good formability. Aluminum alloy body structure mainly used aluminum extrusion profiles as the main body of the space frame structure, generally with medium and strong aluminum can meet the requirements. Extrus
23、ion profiles are mainly hollow materials, in addition to light weight, high rigidity, high temperature strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance is also very good, and can be welded, surface treatment and bending processing. The current aluminum body is made of thick-walled forged aluminum bea
24、ms, and is more advantageous than stamping thin steel in terms of structural strength and stiffness, and the overall stability of the mechanism is better. Lightweight and high-strength aluminum body more solid than the traditional steel body, and do not worry about corrosion caused by the reduction
25、of strength 3.IVFrom the aluminum panel application development trend, high strength, good forming processability, excellent surface quality aluminum plate will replace the steel plate as the main material of the car cover. The late 90s of the 20th century, there have been from the hood, fender and
26、other parts of the body aluminum plate gradually developed into the body all the use of aluminum panels of the car, compared to steel plate by 40% to 50% of the results. Europe and the United States more developed aluminum industry, so Europe and the United States in the aluminum car to go ahead Eur
27、ope and the United States and Japan in the automotive industry competition and its domestic energy and environmental legislation to promote the acceleration of the car lightweight (aluminum) pace. Germany Audi A8 sedan body are made of aluminum, the framework of three-dimensional frame structure, th
28、e cover for the aluminum stamping, was rated as one of the worlds important scientific and technological achievements in 1994 one of the 100. This aluminum body compared with the steel body, the quality of 30% to 50%, fuel consumption reduced by 5% to 8%. Japan Hondas car body with aluminum alloy up
29、 to 162kg, steel body weight loss of about 40%. And Chinas aluminum production, prices, the comprehensive impact of the technical level of the automotive industry, making aluminum and its alloys still can not be used in a large number of cars. Increase the variety, improve quality and reduce costs,
30、has become Chinas aluminum processing industry and the automotive industry to the worlds advanced level of development research。Specific strength and specific stiffness of aluminum metal-based composite materials research and development success for the further development of automotive lightweight
31、provides a way. Germanys Kaman company developed a laminated aluminum, the outer layer is aluminum, the middle is foam aluminum, used as body panels, stiffness increased by 10 times, while the quality of 50%. Hyundai is developing a high-performance, high-speed, safe, comfortable, energy-saving and
32、low-pollution direction. The development of high-performance automotive aluminum alloy and the recycling of scrap automotive materials has become an imperative issue. Scientific research and investment will bring huge economic and social benefits. With Vthe rapid solidification of aluminum alloy, po
33、wder metallurgy aluminum alloy, superplasticity aluminum alloy, aluminum composite materials and foam aluminum and other new materials development and application of the future aluminum in the automotive application will be further expanded, and will show castings, Profiles, plates simultaneously si
34、tuation. Aluminum is expected to be the second largest automotive material after steel 4.2.2 magnesium alloyMagnesium alloy is a lighter weight material than aluminum alloy, heat, pressure, corrosion resistance and easy to use, is a typical green structural materials. At present, the deformation of
35、the magnesium alloy material for the body structure of the United States developed high strength ZK60 deformation of magnesium alloy, developed by Japan ultra-high strength IM Mg - Y deformation of magnesium alloy, and can be cold processing of magnesium alloy sheet. Europe is using and developing m
36、ore than 60 kinds of magnesium alloy auto parts. Germany to fly more cooperation with the German Volkswagen, ready to replace its patented product magnesium alloy Mn E21 a car car body parts, such as front and rear bumper, roof beams and door anti-collision rods and so on. If the success of the repl
37、acement, will greatly reduce the cars body quality 5.China is a large resource of magnesium, magnesium ore products and more species, rich reserves, accounting for the worlds available magnesium reserves of about 70% of reserves. 2010 magnesium alloy production line in Chinas Shanxi, Shaanxi, Tianji
38、n, Ningxia, Chongqing and other places put into operation, including magnesium-based alloy auto parts project has been in the development and production. Magnesium alloy in the automotive application increased year by year, is expected in the next 20 years, the amount of magnesium on the car will be
39、 more than 100kg per vehicle, is the current use of 30 times. Magnesium will become a new material for most structural parts of the car.VI3 engineering plastics and composite materialsEngineering plastics and composites are another important type of automotive lightweight material. Compared with the
40、 general plastic, engineering plastics have excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, heat resistance, wear resistance, dimensional stability and other characteristics, than the replacement of metal materials and light energy when molding less. At present, most of the engineering plastic
41、s used in the body inside and outside the trim, such as body fender, rear panel, dashboard, door panels, ceiling, side liner lining, door anti-collision, handrails, windows, heat Cover, and so on. Compared to metal can be reduced by 40%, and can withstand erosion and slight collision, in the case of
42、 low-speed collision without maintenance, from the manufacturing point of view compared to metal has greater freedom of modeling to enhance, but also facilitate the integration of parts, from the pedestrian protection Consider, is also ideal material. Ford developed the LTD test car, plastic body af
43、ter the lightweight aspects of the obvious results, the vehicle weight loss of up to 300kg or more. The scope of application of engineering plastics in automobiles is expanding from interior parts to exterior parts, bodywork and structural parts. The future development direction is to develop struct
44、ural parts, reinforced plastic composites for exterior parts, high performance resin materials and plastics, and Will pay more attention to the recyclability of materials.Fiber reinforced plastic is a composite fiber and plastic composite materials. Commonly used is glass fiber and thermosetting res
45、in composite material. This kind of composite material has the advantages of small density, flexible design, easy molding, corrosion resistance, heat insulation, impact resistance, anti-vibration, easy coating, high strength, high elastic modulus, mechanical properties similar to metal materials, Un
46、der certain conditions, there is a metal sheet can not match the advantages of quality reduction and strength to achieve even more than the aluminum, while the overall cost is lower. At present in the car body has been widely used in the useful glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester chip moldi
47、ng compound (SMC) VIImanufacturing body air deflector, the front fender and the front fender extension parts, headlamps, hood, Decorative pieces, tail plate, etc .; with the transfer molding technology (RTM) manufacturing body plate stiffeners, etc.Carbon fiber (CFRP) is a fibrous filamentous compos
48、ite material, which needs to be woven into a sheet like a woven fabric during the molding process and is wetted and cured with an organic glue. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites have excellent toughness and tensile strength, and the quality of steel only 1/4 6. Lightweight, high-stre
49、ngth features are required for high-performance cars, the current Ferrari, Lamborghini and other sports car body made of carbon fiber. CFRP is expected to use the car body to reduce the quality of 40% to 60%, equivalent to the quality of steel 1/3 to 1/6. However, due to the high cost of carbon fiber reinforced composites, its use in the automotive industry is limited. In order to reduce the cost of carbon fiber reinforced comp
