1、法律英语1 / 10法律渊源 source of law制定法 statute判例法 case law; precedent普通法 common law特别法 special law固有法 native law; indigenous law继受法 adopted law实体法 substantial law程序法 procedural law原则法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解释 judicial interpretation习惯法 customary law公序良俗 public order and moral自然法 natural law罗马法
2、Roman Law私法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile万民法 jus gentium民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law大陆法系 civil law system普通法 common law大陆法 continental law罗马法系 Roman law system衡平法 equity; law of equity日尔曼法 Germantic law教会法 ecclesiastical law寺院法 canon law伊斯兰法 Islamic law民法法律规范 norm
3、of civil law授权规范 authorization norm禁止规范 forbidding norm义务性规范 obligatory norm命令性规范 commanding norm民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law平等原则 principle of equality自愿原则 principle of free will公平原则 principle of justice等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange诚实信用原则 principle of good faith行为 act作为 ac不作
4、为 omission合法行为 lawful act违法行为 unlawful act民事权利权利能力 civil right绝对权 absolute right相对权 relative right优先权 right of priority先买权 preemption原权 antecedent right救济权 right of relief支配权 right of dominion请求权 right of claim物上请求权 right of claim for real thing形成权 right of formation撤销权 right of claiming cancellatio
5、n否认权 right of claiming cancellation解除权 right of renouncement代位权 subrogated right选择权 right of choice承认权 right of admission终止权 right of termination抗辩权 right of defense一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权 defense right of s
6、imultaneous performance既得权 tested right期待权 expectant right专属权 exclusive right非专属权 non-exclusive right人身权利 personal right人权 human right人格权 right of personality生命健康权 right of life and health姓名权 right of name名称权 right of name肖像权 right of portraiture自由权 right of freedom名誉权 right reputation隐私权 right of p
7、rivacy私生活秘密权 right of privacy贞操权 virginity right身份权 right of status亲权 parental power; parental right亲属权 right of relative探视权 visitation right配偶权 right of spouse荣誉权 right of honor权利的保护 protection of right公力救济 public protection私力救济 self-protection权利本位 standard of right社会本位 standard of society无责任行为 irr
8、esponsible right正当防卫 justifiable right; 法律英语2 / 10ligitimate defence防卫行为 act of defence自为行为 self-conducting act紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity自助行为 act of self-help不可抗力 force majeure意外事件 accident行为能力 capacity for act意思能力 capacity of will民事行为 civil act意思表示 declaration of intention意思表示一致 meeting of minds
9、; consensus完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person保佐 protection自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力 incapacity for act禁治产人 interdicted person自然人 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence经常居住地 frequently dwelli
10、ng place户籍 census register监护 guardianship个体工商户 individual business农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙协议 partnership agreement合伙财产 property of partnership合伙债务 debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership合伙企业 partnership business establishment个人合伙 pa
11、rtnership法人合伙 partnership of legal person特别合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship法人 legal person企业法人 legal body of enterprise企业集团 group of enterprise关联企业 affilia
12、te enterprise个人独资企业 individual business establishment国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人 legal body of mass organization财团法人 legal body of financial group联营 joint venture法人型联营 association of legal persons合伙型联营
13、 coordinated management in partnership协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management合作社 cooperative民事法律行为 civil legal act单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without c
14、onsideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act从民事法律行为 acc
15、essory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为 civil 法律英语3 / 10legal act before death死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act无效行为 ineffective act可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为 tort欺诈 fraud
16、胁迫 duress乘人之危 taking advantage of others precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通 malicious collaboration重大误解 gross misunderstanding显失公平 obvious unjust误传 misrepresentation代理 agency本人 principal被代理人 principal受托人 trustee代理人 agent本代理人 original agent法定代理人 statutory agent
17、; legal agent委托代理人 agent by mandate指定代理人 designated agent复代理人 subagent再代理人 subagent转代理人 subagent代理权 right of agency授权行为 act of authorization授权委托书 power of attorney代理行为 act of agency委托代理 agency by mandate本代理 original agency复代理 subagency次代理 subagency有权代理 authorized agency表见代理 agency by estoppel; appar
18、ent agency律师代理 agency by lawyer普通代理 general agency全权代理 general agency全权代理委托书 general power of attorney共同代理 joint agency独家代理 sole agency居间 brokerage居间人 broker行纪 commission; broker house信托 trust时效 time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断 interruption of limita
19、tion/prescription时效延长 extension of limitation取得时效 acquisitive prescription时效终止 lapse of time; termination of prescription期日 date期间 term涉外民事关系 civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范 rule of conflict准据法 applicable law; governing law反致 renvoi; remission转致 transmission识别 identification公共秩序保留 reserve
20、of public order法律规避 evasion of law国籍 nationality国有化 nationalization法律责任 legal liability民事责任 civil liability/responsibility行政责任 administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility违约责任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限责任 limited liability无限责任 unlimi
21、ted liability按份责任 shared/several liability连带责任 joint and several liability过失责任 liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault单独过错 sole fault共同过错 joint fault混合过错 mixed fault被害人过错 victims fault第三人过错 third partys fault推定过错 presumptive fault恶意 bad faith; malice故意
22、deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失 negligence重大过失 gross negligence疏忽大意的过失 careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption法律英语4 / 10损害事实 facts of damage有形损失 tangible damage/loss无形损失 intangible damage/loss财产损失 property damage/loss人身损失 personal damage/loss精神损失 sp
23、iritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害 cease the infringing act排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险 elimination of danger返还财产 restitution of property恢复原状 restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失 compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金 paymen
24、t of liquidated damage消除影响 eliminate ill effects恢复名誉 rehabilitate ones reputation赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度 real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则 principal of p
25、ublic summons of right in rem物权法 jus rerem物 property生产资料 raw material for production生活资料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物 res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物 limited merchantable thing禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产 asset固定资产 fixed asset流动资产 current asset; f
26、loating asset动产 movables; chattel不动产 immovable; real estate特定物 res certae; a certain thing种类物 genus; indefinite thing可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物 res capitalis; a principal thing从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing原物 original thing孳息 fruits天然孳息 n
27、atural fruits法定孳息 legal fruits无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods遗失物 lost property漂流物 drifting object埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property货币 currency证券 securities债券 bond物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权 dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证
28、document of title; title of ownership占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权 right of use; right to use of收益权 right to earnings; right to yields处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有 possession in good faith恶意占有 malicious possession按份共有 several possession共同共有 joint possession他物权 jus in re ali
29、ena用益物权 real right for usufruct使用权 right to use; right of use土地使用权 right to the use of land林权 forest ownership采矿权 mining ownership经营权 managerial authority; power of management承包经营权 right to contracted management相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright地上权 superficies法律英语5 / 10永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right
30、to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权 servitude; easement人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权 real right for security物的担保 security for thing物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage抵押
31、人 mortgagor抵押权人 mortgagee抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭 extinction of right tomortgageregistra
32、tion of estate under mortgage抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权 priority of mortgage留置权 lien一般留置权 general lien特别留置权 special lien质权 hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权 tenant right债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditors right债权人 creditor债务人 debtor相对人 counterpart
33、; offeree给付 give; pay债务 debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还 payment of debt债务的偿清 discharge of debt债务的担保 guarantee of debt债务的合并 consolidation of debt债务的给付日期 debt maturity债务的免除 exemption of debt债的分类 obligatio; obligation法定之债 legal obligation任意之债 voluntary obligation简单之债 simple obligation选择之债 alternative
34、obligation主债 prime/principal obligation从债 accessory obligation单一之债 single obligation按份之债 several obligation连带之债 joint obligation特定之债 certain obligation种类之债 indefinite obligation合同之债 contractual obligation侵权行为之债 tort obligation损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages人身损害 da
35、mage to person精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费 hospital treatment expense医疗费 medical charge抚恤金 pension慰问金 consolation money产品瑕疵 defect of product不当得利 unjust enrichment无因管理 voluntary service债的担保 guarantee of obligation财产担保 property guarantee信用担保 credit guarantee让与担保 alienation guarantee保证 guaran
36、ty明示保证 express guaranty默示保证 implied guaranty保证人 guarantor保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金 guaranty bond; security deposit押金 deposit; foregift预付款 advanced payment定金 earnest money; deposit违约金 liquidated damages法定违约金 liquidated damages by law约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement债的履行 performance
37、of obligation实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance法律英语6 / 10情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行 misfeasance清偿 discharge; satisfaction提存 debtors submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销 setoff知识产权 intellectual property知识产权国际保护 international protection of in
38、tellectual property国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费 royalties智力成果 intellectual property著作权 copyright版权 copyright著作权人 copyright owner创作 creation作品 opus; product; work著作人格权 right of personality of copyright发表权 right of
39、 publication署名权 right of authorship; right of paternity修改权 right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权 inviolability收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版 publish a book at the authors own expense著作财产权 property right in work使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct利用权
40、right to make use of获得报酬权 right to get payment重播权 right of rebroadcasting录制权 right of fixation机械复制权 right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright剽窃 plagiary; plagiarism盗版 pirate盗版 VCD pirated VCD伪造 forge工业产权 industrial property专利权 patent right优先权日 priori
41、ty date申请在先原则 prior application rule使用在先 priority of use新颖性 novelty创造性 creativity实用性 practicability发明创造 invention and creation实用新型 utility model外观设计 design; industrial design发明权 right of invention发现权 right of discovery专利申请 patent application专利异议 objection to a patent专利公告 patent gazette专利续展费 renewal
42、fee of patent专利许可协议 patent licensing agreement技术诀窍 know-how专有技术 know-how专利证书 certificate of patent专利事务所 patent office专利代理 patent agency中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the Peoples Republic of China商标权 trademark right商标国际注册 international registration of trademark商品商标 commodity trademark服务商标 service tradem
43、ark驰名商标 reputed trademark广告商标 advertisement trademark近似商标 similar trademark商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board商标审查 trademark examination商标侵权 trademark infringement商标注册 registered trademark商标公告 trademark gazette注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark商标
44、使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement商标事务所 trademark office商标代理 trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻法 marital law; marriage law法律英语7 / 10包办婚姻 arranged marriage财产分割 partition; dismemberment of property重婚 bigamy独生子女 only child法律婚 legal marriage非婚生子女 illegitimate child夫妻
45、共同财产 community property夫妻关系 conjugal relationship夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚 resumption of marriage感情破裂 incompatibility婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登记 marriage registration婚生子女 ligitimate child计划生育 birth control结婚 marry离婚 divorce买卖婚姻 mercenary marria
46、ge拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements配偶 spouse事实婚 de facto marriage诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation探视权 visitation right同居 cohabitation晚婚 late marriage无效婚姻 void marriage协议离婚 divorce by agreement一夫一妻制 monogamy早婚 early marriage直系血亲
47、lineal descent自然血亲 natural blood relation收养法 adoption law收养协议 adoption agreement收养人 adoptive parent送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements继承法 inheritance law; law of succession法定继承 legal seccession遗嘱继承 intestate succession遗赠继承 succession by devis
48、e自然继承 natural succession代位继承 representation; succession by subrogation世袭继承 hereditary succession间接继承 indirect succession转继承 subsuccession共同继承 joint succession单独继承 single succession继承人 heir; successor第二顺序继承人 successor second in order第一顺序继承人 successor first in order继承参与人 succession participant遗产 inher
49、itance; heritage遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor遗言 last will and testament遗书 last words遗赠 bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support agreement会计法 accounting law税法 tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法 anti-unfair competition law消费者权益保护法 consumers interest protection law产品责任法 production liability law消费者权益法 consumer rights and interests law公司法 company law; corporate law公司 company; corporation有限责任公司 limited liability company股份有限公司 company limited by shares无限公司 unlimited company股份两合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership两合公司 joint liability company控股公司 holding company集团公司 group company合资公司
