1、1汉英法律专业词汇(法理、法制史)Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems按照法律规定:according to law按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法:case system案例汇编:case book; case report; law report被视为:be d
2、eemed as 被宣布为非法:be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法:comparative law比较法学:comparative jurisprudence比较法学派:school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史: comparative legal history比较分析法:method of comparative analysis比较刑法:comparative penal law比较刑法学:comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系:positive causal relation
3、ship边缘法学:borderline jurisprudence变通办法:adaptation; accommodation补充规定:supplementary provision补救办法:remedial measures不成文法:unwritten law不动产所在地法律:law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利:impartible right不可抗力 :force majuere不可侵犯性:inviolability不可让与性:inalienability
4、不履行法律义务:non-performance of obligation不要式行为:informal act不要因的法律行为:non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利:imprescriptible right不作为:abstain from an act; act of omission部门法:department law部门规章:regulation参照 :consult参照具体情况: in the light of actual conditions参照原文: consult the original亚里士多德: Aristotle柏拉图: Plato德拉古:
5、 Draco盖尤斯: Gaius2西塞罗: Marcus Tullius Cicero乌尔比安 Ulpianus罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世: Justinian I乌尔比安: Ulpianus西塞罗: Marcus Tullius Cicero优士丁尼皇帝: Justinian罗马法律汇编:Roman Digest民法大全:Corpus Juris Civilis优士丁尼法典: the Codex Justinianus优士丁尼民法大全(国法大全):Corpus Juris Civilis十二表法: Twelve Tables拿破仑法典: The Code Napolean日耳曼法:Germanic
6、 law教会法大全Corpus Juris Canonici汉穆拉比法典: Code of Hammurabi保护人权与基本自由公约(1950) :Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 (罗)查士丁尼法典:Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编: Authenticum德国民法典:German Civil code大宪章(1215) :Great Charter, 1215(英)欧洲大陆法: continental law南京条约: (
7、1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843罗马日耳曼法系: Roman-Germanic family罗马私法: Jus Privatum罗马法学派: school of Romanists家庭法: family law教会法: canon law罗马法理学: jurisprudential教会法学家 decretalists罗马法:Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系: Roman-Law System(古罗马的)元老院: the Senate超出法律范围的:outside of law超出法律权限的:extralegal超过权限: exceed author
8、ity; beyond jurisdiction成文法: written law冲突法: conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则: conflict rule; rule of conflict除(本法)另有规定外: except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款: provisory clause除外责任条款: exclusion clause触犯公共利益: encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益: go against the states interests触
9、犯人民利益: encroach on the interests of the people; go against 3the peoples interests传统法律观念: traditional ideas of law纯粹法学: pure theory of law次要法规: by law次要规则: secondary rule从宽解释原则: doctrine of liberal construction从权利: accessory right达到法定年龄: come of age大法: the fundamental law大法官: Lord High Chancellor大陪审团
10、 grand jury大法官法院:Court of Chancery大陆法系: Continental Legal System大律师: barrister大明律:Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty (中)大清律例:the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)单行法规: specific regulations单一法律体系: unitary legal system单一制政府: unitary government但书: proviso当代法学动向:current trend of jurisprudence当然解释: nat
11、ural interpretation党纪国法:party discipline and the law of the country道德规范:norm of morality道德义务: moral obligation第二读: second reading第三读: third reading二元论:the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制: dual constitutional monarchy system二元论: the dualistic theory二元论者:dualist二元制: bicameral system法的本质: the nature of law法的变化
12、:changes of law法的定义:definition of law法的发展:development of law法的分类: divisions of law法律概念: legal concept 法的概念: concepts of law法的规范作用:normalized usage of law法的继承:succession of law 法律的理想:ideal of law法律的权威: authority of law法律的失效:lapse of law4法律的实施:administration of law; law enforcement法律的适用:application of
13、 law法律的统一: unification of law法律的推定: presumption of law法律的推理: analogy of law法律的完整性: integrity of law法律的效力范围: forces scale of law法律的效力形式: forces form of law法律的修改:alteration of law法律的演进: evolutin of law法律的原理: principle of law法律地位平等:equal in legal status法律对人的效力:personal act of law编纂法律方法: legal methodolo
14、gy法律分类: classification of law法律赋予权力: authority conferred by law法律改革: law reform法律根据: legal basis 法律工作者: legal professional法律关系:legal relation法律关系的运行: process of legal relation法律关系客体: object of legal relation法律关系主体: subject of legal relation法律规定:provisions of law法律规范: norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构: logical st
15、ructure of legal rule法律规则体系: system of legal rules法律含义: intendment of law法律另有规定:otherwise stipulated by law法律现象:legal phenomenon法律研究:legal research法律要件: legal requirement法律依据: legal basis法律意见: legal advice法律意见书:legal opinion法律意识: law-consciousness法律意义: legal sense法律用语: legal language法律与正义先验论: a prio
16、r theory of law and justice法律渊源: source of law法律原本注释: gloss法律原理: legal doctrines法律原则: principle of legality法律援助:legal aid5法律约束: legal binding; legal restraint法律责任: legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础: moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结: imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定: determination of legal
17、responsibility法律责任的执行: enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体: object of legal responsibility法律责任主体: subject of legal responsibility法律哲学:philosophy of law; philosophie du droit (法);philosophia juris法律政策: policy of the law法律职业道德: legal ethics法律指导: legal counsel法律制裁: legal sanction法律制度: regime of l
18、aw; legal system法律秩序: legal order法律主体资格: capacity as a subject of law法律主张: proposition of law法律属地原则: territoriality of laws法律著述: legal literature法律专家: legal expert法律专业: legal profession法律专著和教科书: legal treatise and textbook法律咨询: legal advice法律尊严:legal sanctity法盲: legal illiterates法权: right法社会学: socio
19、logy of law法系: legal system法协会: law society法学: jurisprudence法学士: bachelor of law法学博士: doctor of jurisprudence法学导论: leading principles of law法学的范畴体系: the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识: the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法学的基石范畴: fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法: m
20、ethod of jurisprudence法学方法论: methodology of jurisprudence法学院: faculty of law; law school法学会: law society法学教科书:law textbooks法学理论: theory of law; legal theory法学权威: an academic authority in law6法学体系: system of jurisprudence法学通论: first principles of law 法医: forensic medicine法医学: forensic medicine法院: cou
21、rt法院调查: judicial investigation法院管辖权: competence of court法院管辖以外的: extrajudicial法院判决: court decision法院系统: court structure法院组织法: judicature act法则: articles法哲学: philosophy of law法制:legal institution法制传统: tradition of law system法制的精神: spirit of legality法制的尊严: dignity of the legal system法制观念: legal concep
22、t法制观念淡薄: very weak in the understanding of law法制教育: legal education; education of legal system法制史: legal history; history of legal system法治: rule of law法治的机制: the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素: the element of rule of law非实质的: immaterial非营利的: non-profit非约束性条款: permissive provision废止法律: annulment of l
23、aw分别管辖权: separate jurisdiction分别财产制: separation of property regime分别规定: separate provision分担责任: share the responsibility分工负责,互相配合,互相制约: divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制: division of labor responsibility system分级管理: different levels holding
24、different responsibilities分配制度: distribution system分析法理学: analytical jurisprudence否决权: power veto; veto power否认事实: denial of facts服从法律: amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决: accept a judgment符合程序: be in order符合法律: be in conformity with law符合原则: be in conformity with the principle7概括裁定: general ve
25、rdict概括继承: general succession干扰司法公正: interference with course of justice刚性条款: entrenched clause岗位责任制: post responsibility system高度集中: highly centralize高度民主: high level of democracy高度自治权: high degree of autonomy搁置: set aside; abeyance格式条款: clause of style公认的行为准则: established standard of conduct规避法律:
26、in fraud of law规避义务: evade obligations规范的法律规则: normative rule of law规范法学: normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件: normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化: normalization of normative legal document过错方: tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则: doctrine of presumption过错责任: liability for wrongs; tort liability合并条款: conso
27、lidation of provisions合法的个人财产: legal personal property合法地位: legal status合法权益: the lawful rights and interests合法行为: lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性: constitutionality 衡平法: equity衡平法规则: rule of equity衡平法学: equity jurisprudence衡平法院: Court of Chancery (美);Court of Equity (英)后法取代前法: A later statute t
28、akes away the effect of a prior one.后法优于前法: lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered互为因果: reciprocal causation基本法: fundamental law基本法律规范: basic norm of law基本方针: basic policies基本权利和义务: basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设: basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规: t
29、echnical legal rule建立法律关系:create legal relations解释法律的技术规则: technical rule of interpretation解释权: power of interpretation8近因: immediate cause禁治产人: imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地:habitual residence经法律确认的: ascertained by law经法律许可: authorized by law经验法学: scholastic theories of law纠问式审判: trial by inspe
30、ction or examination具有法律约束力的文件: legally binding instrument具有同等效力的: with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例: binding precedent绝对衡平法: absolute equity君主立宪制度: constitutional monarchy开罗会议: Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义: keynesianism可撤销的法律行为: revocable juristic act可让与性: alienability可用法律强制执行的: enforceable at law可预见的: fore
31、seeable可直接适用的法律: directly applicable law可追溯的: retrospective客观条件: objective condition客观因素: objective factor客体: object扩充解释: amplified interpretation理论法理学派: theoretical jurisprudence school理性决定说: theory of rational decision理性认识: conceptual knowledge历史法学: historical jurisprudence历史法学派: historical school
32、 of law历史解释: historical interpretation立法机构:legislative body立法权: law-making power; legislative power立法委任权: legislation mandate立法效力: legislative effect立法议案 bills立法者: law-maker; legislator立宪: constitutionalism利益冲突: conflict of interests利害关系人:interested person连带法律关系: joint legal relations连带责任: joint and
33、 several obligation论理解释: logical interpretation逻辑解释: logical interpretation9马克思主义法律理论: Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学:Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家: Marxist jurist没有事实根据的: unsubstantial美国国际法协会: American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭: Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院: United States district cou
34、rts美国联邦法官: federal judge没有法律依据的: lawless没有判决先例的案件: case of first impression民法典: civil code民法法系:Civil-Law System民法通则: General Principles of the Civil Law民法学: science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则: “by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases民事权利能力:the capacity for civil rights民事权益:civil rights and
35、interests民事诉讼法学: Civil Procedure Law民事制裁: civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门:the civil affairs department明代法规: laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的: express or implied默示表达: communication by implication内部规章: internal regulations纳妾制: concubinage拟制理论: fiction theory拟制买卖: mancipatio偶然权利: conting
36、ent right偶然因果关系: fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素: accidentalia 偶因: accidental cause排他的权利: right to exclude all others派生的权利: derived right派生取得: derivative acquisition判例法系: Case Law System普通法法系: Common-Law System判例法系: Case Law System判例汇编: reports; reports of judgments普通法: common law普通法法系: Common-La
37、w System普通法上的补偿: common-law remedy普通法上的过失: common-law negligence10普通法上的留置权: common-law lien普通法学: general jurisprudence强制办法: coercive method强制规定: mandatory provisions强制性法规: mandatory rule of law强制性条款: mandatory term侵犯财产权: property torts侵权行为法: tort law侵权责任: tortious liability清理法规: check up laws and re
38、gulations区域性法律体系: regional system of laws取证: obtain evidence确权之诉: affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation确认之诉: action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释: authentic interpretation人法: human law, statute personalia人格减等: capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯: inviolability of the person人身非财产
39、关系: personal non-property relations人身关系: personal relation任意解释: arbitrary interpretation柔性宪法: flexible constitution三权分立: separation of powers善意推定: presumption of good faith商法: commercial law商法典: code of commerce社会法学: sociological jurisprudence社会关系: social relations社会规范: social regulation社会连带主义法学: so
40、cial solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论: theory of social contract社会团体:social organization社会主义法学: socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制: socialist legal system; socialist rule of law神法: divine law神权说: theory of divine right审查制度: censorship; inspection system审计监督: supervise through auditing审计监督权: power to supervise through auditing生效条款: operative clause失效法律: expired laws