1、1现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词 have + 过去分词构成，助动词 have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用 have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上 not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以 study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式 疑问式I have not (havent) studied. Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied. Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied. Has he studied?否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定
2、）Have I not (Havent I) studied? Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied? Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作 或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met bef
3、ore. 我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet 等。如：I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.注意：
4、1）since 和 for 的区别since 后接时间点，如 1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor 后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如 ten years, a while, two days 等。Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is in her of
5、fice. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.2）表示短暂意义的动词如 arrive, leave,
6、borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可以改为：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes.3）have (has) been 和
7、 have (has) gone 的区别：表示“曾到过某地” 要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“ 已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。 （现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。 （可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last year, in
8、1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和 already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never 等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。I havent read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often
9、 seen him in the street. 我经常在2街上看见他。They have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。 I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from
10、 work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day.
11、 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the
12、 best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. afte
13、r B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I
14、 _ friends since we were very young.A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. we
15、nt to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a
16、new bike just now. (用 just 改写) I _ just _ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We _ _English _three years5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been here?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空
17、）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. Ask the questions1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?. Use “never
18、, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.32. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _
19、left.”现在完成时专项练习一、翻译下列句子：1你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？_2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 _3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。_4. 他已经吃过午饭 _5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ _6. 我哥哥还没回来。 _7.这本字典我已买了三年了。 _8.他离开中国三年了。 _9.我认识他们五年了。 _10.他们已去了美国五年了。 _11.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 _12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 _13.自从 1999 年以来他们就认识。_14.我来到这个学校已 3 年多了。 _二、用 since 和 for 填空1._two years 2._two years ago 3
20、._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7._ 4 hours 8._an hour ago9. _we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 15. She has been away from the c
21、ity _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He _ Beijing for _.2) I moved to t
22、he USA in 2008. I the USA since .3) I went home yesterday. I home for .4) They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ for _.2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be41) I became
23、 a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for _.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave sp. be aw
24、ay from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep； finish / end be over；marry be married ；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for si
25、x hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose no
26、t have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold； get to know know1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3) I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to
27、 have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years. He _ a _ the _ for
28、 two years.He _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _. My brother _ in _ for two years.四、划线提问1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) Th
29、ey bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?5B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to H
30、ainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ they _ this village?
31、5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the
32、zoo. 12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter?七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have yo
33、u _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”八. 用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_
34、(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We - already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel
35、 twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.6答案一、1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since二、1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stay
36、ed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen三、1-5 DCBBB 6-10 DCCBB四、Keys: 1. How long have, been there 2. How long has, lived here 3. When did, leave here 4. When did, buy五、1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet ,
37、just / already专项练习答案一翻译下列句子：1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips? 2. I have just lost my chemistry book.3. I have never been to the farm before. 4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.5. Have you seen the movie yet? 6. My brother hasnt come /get / been back yet = My brother ha
38、snt returned yet.7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.8. Has been away from China for three years.9. I have known them for five years. 10. They have been in the USA for five years.11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.13. They have known each other since 1999. 14. I have been in this school for over three years.二、用 since 或者 for 填空1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since 6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for
