1、现在完成时讲解 一现在完成时结构：S（主语）+ have/has(单三人称用 has)+p.p.(过去分词)+ 时间状语（for+时间段/ since +时间点/since+ 从句 -用过去时）1.他已经到达了北京。2.他还没有到达北京。3.他到达北京了么？4.是的，他到了。/不，他还没到。2P.P.过去分词 1.规则动词的过去式和过去完成时是一致的。2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词大部分一致，少数要求一一记忆（在过 去式记忆清楚的基础上） 。写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词watch live change study carry stay cry prefer drop AAA cut pu
2、t hit AAB beat ABC fly begin write ABB buy lose dream 2现在完成时的标志already（已经） ，yet( 只用于否定句和疑问句句尾，用在否定句中翻译成“还没” ，用在疑问句中翻译成“已经”), just(刚刚), ever(曾经),never(绝不，从不),before (之前),so far(到目前为止),since(自.以来 ), for+时间段1.我已经刷过牙了。2.我还没吃早饭。3.我刚刚完成了我的家庭作业。4.到目前为止我已经学习 2000 个单词。5.我之前从没去过北京。3for/sincesince: (自以来)1)sinc
3、e+时间点1.自从下午 5 点以来，他就一直呆在这里。2)since+ 时间段 + ago 2.从五个小时以前他就一直呆在这里。3)since+ 从句（从句用过去时）3.她在这教英语自从她来到这里。for+时间段1.）他已经学了五年的英语了。对 for 或 since 引导的时间状语提问 必须用 how long, 决不能用 when.1).I have lived here for six years.(划线提问)2).He has been in China since he came.（划线提问）4 瞬间动词和延续性动词的转化瞬间动词，也叫终止性动词、点动词、非延续性动词、短暂性动词。这
4、类动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成，不能延续下去，即动作从开始到结束所持续的时间极短。瞬间动词往往表示动作的结果，或表示短暂性、一次性的动作。 （arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die）在完成时当中瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用（不能和 since, for, how long 连用）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。如：study, work, stand, lie,walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等等。那如果非要与表示时间段的时间状语连用怎么办？把
5、瞬间动词转换成延续性动词。1.这支钢笔我已经买了五年了。2.Tom 的爷爷已经过世 5 年了。3.这场电影已经开始了 5 分钟。但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。1）我买这辆自行车还不到一年。5have been to /have gone to /have been in 的问题have been to -曾经去过某地，但是现在不在那里了。常和just，ever，never 搭配。A B 说话时人在 A 点 I have been to Beijing.have gone to - 到某地去了，不在 A 点，到没到 B 不知道，可能到了，可能在途中，反正不在 A 点A B -Wher
6、e is your father? -He has gone to Shanghai. have been in -在某地带了一段时间，后面加时间段B Mr.Chen has been in Suzhou for three months. 陈先生在苏州呆了三个月了。但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。1.）我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) hi
7、s work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _
8、(finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday.
9、 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone
10、C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, ha
11、ving D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young.A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?-
12、Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school b
13、ecause he was ill. (就划线部分提问 ) _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. (用 just 改写) I _ just _ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We _ _English _three years5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been h
14、ere?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. Ask the questions1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4)
15、 They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?. Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?”
16、“No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”现在完成时练习题及答案二、用 since 和 for 填空1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7. 4 hours 8._an hour ago9. _we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year befor
17、e last.13. Ive known him _ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 16. 16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in
18、 sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for five minutes. .2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since 2008. .3) They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out1) He came
19、out two years ago.He _ for _.2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for _.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2)
20、The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead ； leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep； finish / end be over；marry be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minu
21、tes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995
22、. I _ _ at this school since _ .2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold ； get to know know1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3) I got to kno
23、w him last year. I _ him since _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier2) My brother joined the army two years
24、ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.四、划线提问1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) go
25、ne 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that plac
26、e?B: He _ there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many tim
27、es.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?14) _ they often _ skating in
28、winter?八. 用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7.
29、 -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We - already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My fat
30、her _ (read) this book since yesterday.答案一翻译下列句子：1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips? 2. I have just lost my chemistry book.3. I have never been to the farm before. 4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.5. Have you seen the movie yet? 6. My brother hasnt come /get / been bac
31、k yet = My brother hasnt returned yet.7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago. 8. Has been away from China for three years.9. I have known them for five years.10. They have been in the USA for five years.11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.12. My sister has be
32、en a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.13. They have known each other since 1999.14. I have been in this school for over three years.二、用 since 或者 for 填空1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since11. since 12.since
33、13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 1. has been in , five minutes2. have been in , 20083. have been at, two days4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years2. have been back , yesterday 1. have been , nine years2. has been , two years 1. has been closed , two hou
34、rs2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago2. has been away from3. has been dead , seven years4. has been over5. have been asleep , two hours ago6. have been married , 1990 1. have taught , 19952. has been on , two minutes 1. have kept , last week2. have had , two hours3. have known , last ye
35、ars4. have worn , three years has been in has been , League memberhas been , member of , Leaguehas been in2. has been , soldier , two yearshas been , the army四、划线提问1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here3. When did , leave here 4. When did , buy五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填
36、空。A: Where has Li Fei gone? B: He has gone to Hainan Island.A: How long has he been there?B: He has been there for three days.A: When will he come back, do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I have never been there.A: How many tim
37、es has Li Fei been to that place?B: He has been there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1. has gone t 2. went to3. has been in 4. have , been in5. have been in 6. Have , been to ; have been7. have been in / at 8. has gone to9. did go ; went 10. go ; have been11. are ,
38、going ; am going 12. goes13. Did , go 14. Do , go七、综合练习:1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already八. 用适当的时态填空：1. lived / has been living 2. have been 3. went 4. has passed ; left5. has lost ; have , seen 6. Have , found 7. have , had 8. have , returned9. Have , built 10. havent finished11. has read 12. bought 13. lost14. have been reading / has read
