1、英 语 动 词 的 分类和用法提示：以下动词的分类并没有绝对的标准。有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配，以及更好地学好与动词有关的语法。切记：有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词。因此，我们要特别注意一词多义现象。 动词的种类分类总表：(更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容.)1 只作情态动词使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 2可作情态动词，也可作实义动词 need/ dare3可作情态动词，也可作助动词 shall/ should/ will/ would情态动词4 勉强可作情态动词 have to/ had
2、better/ used to1 be 形式变化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being同时是实义和系动词2 do 形式变化：does/ did 同时是实义动词助动词3 have 形式变化：has/ had/ having同时是实义动词请你参考复习以前发放的资料4 shall 形式变化：should同时是情态动词5 will 形式变化：would同时是情态动词1状态系动词 be2表像系动词 look / appear/ seem3感官系动词 feel / smell/ sound/ taste4持续系动词keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/
3、 last/ lie/ stand/ stay5变化系动词become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run系动词6终止系动词 prove/ turn out特别说明：这里列举的所有系动词本身都是实义动词。但它们表示的意思不同。请注意结合句意去理解判断。不及物动词（vi）本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。vi 后面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。实义动1及物动词 （vt ）后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。第2页有更多vt 后面可以直接跟宾语。 内容静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般
4、不用于进行时态。A. 表示存在、从属意义的动词。如：be（“是” ） 、have（“有” ） 、own, exist, live, belong toB. 与五官感觉有关的动词如：hear, see, feel, taste, smell及 watch, notice, observe, find, catchC. 表示心理状态或情感状态的动词believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find; forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regr
5、et; suppose; understand; want; wish静态动词D. 接度量衡名词的动词 (+数词+单位) (这些动词的主语通常是物)weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat动态动词是表示运动状态的动词。可用于进行时态。A 延续性动词 ：表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。eat， listen， read， run， walk，work ，write词2动态动词B 终止性动词 ：表示行为或过程是短暂arrive; begin
6、; break; bring; buy; catch; close; come; die; 第 3页有更多相关内容.的或瞬时间完成结束。discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; stop; return; go; jump C 表示状态改变或位置转移的动词.arrive，change，come，die，go，land（着陆） ， leaveA.表示“使、令、让、叫”等意义的动词. 如: make, have, let, get, keep3使役动词B.表示“使人，令人”的心理状态的动词。如：interest; exc
7、ite; astonish; move; amuse; surprise(+ sb.)第 4 页有更多相关内容.4表示动作的动词表示状态的动词表示结果的动词put on / wear/ be on; look at/ see; look for/ find;listen to/ hear;study/learn; try to do/ manage to doprepare for/ be prepared for, advise/ persuade 等。请大家注意积累.A 谓语动词在句子中作谓语的动词。注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式
8、、否定式。5 B非谓 A 不定 to 形式变化：to have done/ to have been done / to 式 do be doing/ not to doB 动名词doing形式变化：not doingC 现在分词doing形式变化：having done/ having been done/ not doingnot having done/ not having been done语动词D 过去分词done形式变化：not done今后有专题复习有关内容.相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分（重点内容）vi 用法（1）主语+ vi(+状语)(不及物动词):ache=hurt;
9、 appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep;
10、 speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand.(不及物动词短语) : show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die out, give out, run up, .及物动词与不及物动词vi 用法（2）aim + atlook +atstare +atlive +in/onbelong + to sbcome + to sbfail + insucceed +in doi
11、ngfall +off/ onto主语+vi+介词+ 宾语stay +atglance + atlaugh + atcontact +with sbdeal + withdisagree + withend + in/up with wait +for depend + onoperate +onrely + oninsist + on doinggo + tohappen +to sblie + to/inlisten + toobject +tooccur +torefer +torelate +toreply +toreturn +tostick +to sth graduate + f
12、romsuffer +fromstruggle + for/ againstvote +for/ against care + for/aboutapologize + to sb for doingargue + about sth with sbdie +in/ from/ of/talk +about sth/ to sbthink +of/ about/ overcompete + in sth with sbagree + to/ with / onwork +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at(要熟记它们的搭配。)listen to sbsound lik
13、e sthhear sbarrive in/atget toreachbelong to sbown sthpossess sthlie in +be situated in +be located in +vt与vi近义contact with sbtalktellwork for sbserve sbreply toanswertouch sbappearshow sth to sbrise / go up / increaseraisesitseat sblook atsee/ watchsucceed in doingmanage sth/ to dobreak inbreak int
14、ogo outturn offlook forfindgive ingive upagree with sbpromise sbA 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。 如: begin “开始“ 。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.词对比B 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及如 lift 作不及物动词时是指烟雾的“消散“ 。we sa
15、w the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是“升高；举起“。He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有：beat vi.(心脏)跳动/vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长/ vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍/ vt. 打（牌、球）演奏 smell vi. 物的动词，其意义完全不同。发出（气味）/ vt. 嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响/ vt.打电话 speak vi. 讲话/ vt. 说（语言） hang vi. 悬挂 / vt. 绞死 operate vi. 动手术/ vt. 操作run vi. 跑步 ;
16、褪色 vt. 经营C 有的及物动词加上介词后，表示的意思不同。如：allow 允许 allow for 考虑到感官动词 感官动词 hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to 的用法归纳总结: (感官动词 + sb. do/ doing / sth done)。1后接不带 to 的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese footbal
17、l team win.2后接 V-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3后接 V-ed 形式表示被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never hear
18、d a word of it spoken. 试比较（注意理解）:）I heard him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程） 。）I heard him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断） 。）I heard a song sung. 我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。 ）注: “”左边的是终止性动词(瞬间动词); “”右边的是延续性动词更多的终止性动词(瞬间动词): borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach,
19、 recognize.延续性动词与终止性动词borrowkeepbuyhavebecomebeput on wearmove tolive inrecognize knowcatch a coldhave open sthkeep sth openleavebe away frombegin/startbe ondie be deadfinishbe overreturnbe backjoin be in + 组织机构 come here be herego therebe therecome backbe backfall asleepbe asleepget to/arrive/reach
20、be a coldget to knowknow/be a member of + 组织机构(in)go (get) out be out fall illbe illget upbe up 在有表示时间的场合，要注意根据句子或上下文提供的时间关系判断句子中的动词该使用延续性动词还是终止性动词。1. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。但: come/ begin/ get + to + 延续性动词可表示一瞬间的动作。(“点时间”指具体某一时间点;“段时间”指某一时间内.)It rained at eight yesterday morning. (误)因为 rain 为延续性动
21、词，而 at eight 表示“点时间“，前后矛盾。It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. (正)-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right.的对比2. 终止性动词可以用于 when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于 while 引导的时间状语从句中。when 表示的时间When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach 为终止性动词; when 不可用 while 替换.)Please look after my daughter
