1、英语被动语态讲解及练习一、什么是被动语态？ 英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态” ，相当于中文中常说的“被”、 “由” 的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。 ”， “这座楼房是由他们建造的。 ”二、被动语态的结构 那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）：His bicycle was stolen. The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出， “被动语态” 的构成是： be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的运用 什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下
2、面几种情况：（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如： Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。 ）The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是 1950 年建成的。 ）He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。 ） Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。 ）（2） 需要强调动作的对象时。例如： Calculator cant be used in the maths exam. （计算器不能
3、用于数学考试。 ）Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。 ）He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。 ）（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。 ） 四、各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态
4、。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握 be 动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词 A new facto
5、ry is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time. Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态: (A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词 (B) am / is / are +
6、going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year. Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词. She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city. He thought that your watch
7、 was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词 He said that some new factories had been built in the city. I didnt know that my watch ha
8、d been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done 例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this. 五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“ 什么事物”是“被完成 ”的。例 1. 主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.被动语态：英语被说。 English is spoken in many countries.例 2. 主动语态：我们造这座桥。 We built this bridge last year
9、.被动语态：这座桥被建造。 This bridge was built last year.2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。例 1. 主动语态：小王邀请你( 宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.例 2. 主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被动语态：杂志 (宾语)不准被带走.These
10、magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.例 3. 主动语态：他们授给他( 宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：一枚奖章 (宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.六、练习1.We shall discuss the problem at tomor
11、rows meeting. (提示) the problem -be - discuss2.Has anybody fed the birds? (提示) Has anybody - be - feed3.People will never forget the accident. (提示) the accident - will be - forget4.They are repairing the car in the garage. (提示) the car - be being - repair5.Someone must have turned on the light withou
12、t your notice. (提示) the light - must have - be - turn on6.They have found ways to make waste water clean.7.Someone must take care of the children when we go out. 8.They wont hold the meeting until next Friday. 9.You may write this letter in pencil.10.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态
13、复习 A熟记结构 被动语态的结构为“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词（p p） ”。被动语态的不同时态是通过 be 的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为： 一般现在时：amisarepp 一般过去时：waswerepp 一般将来时：shall will be pp 现在完成时：have has been pp 现在进行时：amis arebeingpp 过去将来时：should would be p p 含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词bep p例如： Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaki
14、ng Cspeaks Dis spoken The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave B明确用法 被动语态常用于以下两种情况： 1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； 2强调动作的承受者。例如： 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。 The tree _ _ by that boy （填 was broken） C熟
15、练转换 1将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为： 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语； 谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过 be 的变化来表达出不同的时态； 主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。 （有时by 短语可以省略） 。 2被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加 not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once （同义句） （填 m us
16、t be thrown away） Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态） Where _ vegetables _ ？（填were； grown） D注意特例 将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况： 1含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； 将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词 to 或 for 引导。例如： He told us a story （变被动语态） We were told a story（by him） 或：A story was told to us by him Her mother
17、gave her a new pen （变被动语态）A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother （填was given to） 2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustnt _from the library A take away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away D She will take good care of the children（变被动语态）The children will _ _ _ _ _（by
18、 her） （填 be taken good care of） 3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略 to 的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号 to 必须补上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday （变被动 He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday （填 was seen to） 4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is
19、to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt C 5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词 by 的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如： Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态） By whom has the cup been broken？ E注意区别 被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别： 1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较： The window is broken窗子破了
20、。 （系表结构） The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。 （被动语态） 2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very ，too 等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用 so，very，too 修饰，而需用 much，very much，so much，too much 修饰。试比较： He was very interested in science他对科学有极大兴趣。 （系表结构） I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。 （被动语
21、态） F牢记（相关）句型 初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有： 1be covered with 被覆盖 2be made of 由 制作（发生物理变化） 3.be made from 由制作（发生化学变化） 4. be made in 由（某地）制造 5. be made by 被（某人）制造 3be used for 被用来 be used as 被当作（作为）来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事 4It is said that 据说 It is hoped that 希望 It is well known that 众所周知例如： Your coat looks nic
22、eIs it _ cotton？ YesIts Shanghai Amade of；made by B made of；made in Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in B This machine is used _ the room wet Afor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping A 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。 _ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing （填 It is said；another bridge；built
23、）被动语态语法专项练习题及答案( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( )2 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 3.New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using
24、C. are used D. have used( ) 1 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( )2. A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 3. Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need .B. are needing .C. are needed .D. will nee
25、d( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 1._ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 2. _
26、 these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 1 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 2. Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am( ) 1 The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2 The books may_ for two week
27、s. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mende7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month. A. is going to be built B. will built C. are going to be built D. are going to built( ) 2 The play _ at the
28、 theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown( ) 1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 2 The pot _ for _ hot water. A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D
29、. are used; keep( ) 3 Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 4 The bridges_ two years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 5 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung( ) 6. Old people must
30、 _. A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well( ) 7 Newly-born babies_in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are taken good care ofC. take good care of D. take good care( ) 8 These walls_stone. A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into( )9.
31、Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 10.The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown( ) 11. I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given C. should be taking D.
32、should be taken of( ) 1 2.The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 13. The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean( ) 14. These children_dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to(
33、) 15. The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year. A. was have B. was held C. held D. had( ) 1 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( ) 2 You cant use the computer, it_. A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad
34、 D. has broken down( ) 3 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years.A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one_. A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken( ) 2 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s. A. are writt
35、en B. were written C. are writing D. were writing18( ) 1 The apple_very sweet. A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting( ) 2 You_ more beautiful in the light blue shirt. A. see B. watch C. look D. look at19( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need_. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
36、一、选择题 ( )1._a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; bulit C. Does; build D. Did; build ( )2.An accident _on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow (
37、)4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been
38、planted D. planted ( )7. A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.Neither of them _ in China. A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made ( )9.Look! A nice picture _ for our teacher. A. is drawing B. is being drawn
39、C. has been drawn D .draws ( )10. Your shoes _. You need a new pair. A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn ( )11.The doctor _ for yet. A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sent C. wont be sent D. wasnt sent ( )12.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D.
40、 are; used ( )13. The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known ( )14.I _ in summer. A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born ( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week. A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent ( )16.Who _ this book _?
41、 A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )17.Mary _ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )18.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us ( )19.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A.jump
42、 B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump ( )20.The school bag _ behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put ( )21.Older people _ well. A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after ( )22.Our teacher _ carefully. A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened
43、D.is listened 二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。 1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now. 5. Lucy sent me a N
44、ew Year Card last week. A New Year Card _ _ _ her by me last week. 6. People use metal for making machines. Metal _ _ for making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. I _ _ _ that for him. 8.I have given this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library. 9.Did they build a bridge here a ye
45、ar ago? _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago? 10.Well put on an English play in our school. An English play _ _ _ on in our school. 11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets. Color TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers. 12.My brother often mends his watch. His watch _ _ _ by my brother. 13.We must wa
46、ter the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day. 14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 15.He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers _ _ _ _ for a long time. 16.Did he break the window yesterday? _ the window _ _ _ yesterday? 17.They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses _ _ _ out. 18.We clean the classroom every day. The classroom _ _ every day. 19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees _ _ _ _
