1、硕士英语综合教程 1 （参考答案）Unit 1 Low Carbon EconomyText A Creating a Low Carbon Economy2. Vocabularyb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in
2、each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative(6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering(11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability(16) al
3、ternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time pa
4、ssing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the countrys top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recov
5、ery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fare
6、s have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, its essential for a company
7、 to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state of the art technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. Thats because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the U
8、K as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of mor
9、e storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of so called climate sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will
10、not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other he
11、alth problems.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前 2 摄氏度( 3.6 华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气
12、候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。(2) 中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。(3) 在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任
13、原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动。(4) 基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。(5) 通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。Text B Living a Low Carbon LifestyleKey to the Exercisesa. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given bel
14、ow. Change the form where necessary.(1) perilously(2) in harmony with(3) tricky(4) nurture(5) make a difference(6) insulated(7) deplete(8) step back(9) sustain(10) by way ofb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.(1) more efficient, kinder, fair, above all sustainable(2) kee
15、p you comfortable, make life easier, do the things you want to do(3) simplify the meter reading process, easy and enlightening, fun(4) are lined and not covering radiators(5) coming on, warm enough, youre not heating rooms(6) find a balance between the actions we can do, having to compromise on our
16、quality of life(7) for the strictly necessary amount of time, hot/warm food(8) the curtains, the doors between rooms(9) reducing our energy consumption, travelling more efficiently(10) easily re used and recycled, with the lowest packagingc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to
17、 the text.(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(10) FUnit 4 Artificial IntelligenceText A The Future of Artificial IntelligenceIII. Keys to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) Ab. F
18、ill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) clean our floors, mow our lawns and, in general, eliminate drudgery from our lives(2) the computer based artificial brain is still well below the level of sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot(3) the same kind of percept
19、ion, cognition and thought as humans(4) generate positive and negative reinforcement signals in predefined circumstances(5) become quite formidable and will outperform human beings in any conceivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form o
20、f the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) attest(2) disoriented(3) elusive(4) negate(5) progeny(6) outstrip(7) versatile(8) meld(9) contingency(10) mainstayb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) A(2) D(3) B(4) A(5) D(6) C(7) D(8) D(9) B(10) B3
21、. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) cover(2) battlefield(3) deployed(4) initiating(5) aerial(6) problematic(7) arise(8) mindful(9) vital(10) goes(11) robotics(
22、12) provided(13) collection(14) ethical(15) endowed(16) traits(17) expression(18) dumb(19) guidelines(20) stupid4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) It often happens, however, that thinking lags behind reality; this is because mans cognition is lim
23、ited by numerous social conditions.(2) Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virtually placed under arrest to prevent any information from leaking out.(3) Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man bring forth new ideas in philosophy,
24、 and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of mans thinking mode.(4) From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his humble origins and insinuate himself into upper class society.(5) Its a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me
25、any attention.(6) The invention of microprocessors set the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computeran affordable machine for the masses.(7) So theres no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we fight are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the tim
26、es.(8) Taiwan , viewed from the historical facts and the international law, is beyond dispute one part of Chinese sacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.Sales of professional and person
27、al service robots worldwide were estimated to have reached about 5.5 million this yearand are expected to more than double to 11.5 million by 2011yet there is little or no control over how these machines are used. Some help busy professionals entertain children; other machines feed and bathe the eld
28、erly and incapacitated. “We need to look at guidelines for a cut off so we have a limit to the contact with robots” one expert said. “Some robots designed to look after children with them for hours, or even days. At the other end of the age spectrum to child care, the relative increase in many count
29、ries in the population of the elderly relative to available younger care givers has spurred the development of elder care robots.”b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.计算的能力当然与生存无关,然而随着语言改变了人类的文化,至少是我们大脑的一小部分已进化成了一种勉强可以称为通用机器的东西。这个机器的一个特点就是它能服从一系列随意的指令,而这些指令可以通过语言进行传
30、递并得以执行。但是由于我们把数字看成是复杂的东西,将它们写下来并用以完成其它类似的功能,所以我们处理数字的方式显得非常笨拙,并且效率不高。我们用上百亿个神经细胞花好几分钟进行的运算通过上百个计算机,尤其是那些经过重新设置用于计算的计算机,可以在几毫秒就完成。2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 但它们并不是用高出一筹的逻辑和力量统治人类,而是有可能导致一个与他人完全隔绝的底层人群的产生。(2) 机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能导致(被服
31、务者 )与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津。(3) 许多机器人被设计成玩具,但它们也能扮演照看孩子的角色: 监督孩子的一举一动,通过无线电脑连接或移动电话与另一个房间甚至另一座建筑物内的家长联络。(4) 但是由于机器人保姆能在身体上保护孩子的安全,可能会造成孩子一天数小时或者几天都不与人接触,同时不同程度的与社会隔绝对孩子成长可能造成的心理影响目前还不清楚。(5) 护理老年人的机器人能帮助老年人在自己家中自理,但它们的存在可能会使老年人完全处于机器人照顾之下,从而面临缺乏足够的与人交流机会的危险。Text B Revenge of the NerdsKey to
32、 the Exercisesa. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.(1) in full swing(2) awestruck(3) imminent(4) daunting(5) affable(6) relish(7) omniscience(8) outlandish(9) alien(10) harnessb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.(1)
33、 the Silicon Valley dollar(2) the transformative moment(3) “the worlds first cyborg”(4) current singularitarian in chief, inventor Ray Kurzweil(5) genetics, nanotechnology and robotics(6) The sense of imminence and immediacy(7) not just language but complex abstractions(8) anything being dangerous o
34、r sentient(9) people were scared of these machines(10) cryonic suspensionc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) T(9) T(10) Funit6 Urban Life Text A How the City Hurts Your Brain, and What You Can Do about It III. Key to the Exerc
35、ises 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. (1) C(2) A(3) B(4) B(5) C b. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text. (1) the city has always been an engine of intellectual life; it is not easy to live in
36、the city because itspreads terrible diseases and is far away from nature with considerable pressures (2) it forces our brain to take energy and effort to monitor every potential threat on the busy and noisy streets and constantly redirects our attention, which exploits one of the crucial weak spots
37、of the brain (3) natural settings are full of objects that automatically capture our attention without triggering a negative emotional response and thus our brain which directs attention can relax deeply and replenish itself (4) the brain is assaulted with temptations and resisting these temptations
38、 requires the brain to use the part of it that is responsible for directed attention, which means that its already been exhausted by walking around the city and then will fail to exert self control (5) they are the centers of social activities that largely lead to urban creativity as strangers inter
39、act with each other in unpredictable ways 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) overlooking(2) migrations(3) thoroughfare(4) layout(5) hectic (6) wellspring(7) corollary(8) undiluted(9) myriad(10) vibrant b. Choose the wor
40、d or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) B(2) B(3) A(4) D(5) C(6) D(7) A(8) A(9) B(10) D 3. Cloze Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary. (1) contro
41、l(2) otherwise(3) revenue(4) neighboring(5) announced (6) crossroads(7) taking(8) imposing(9) maximize(10) prosperity (11) rather(12) though(13) accomplish(14) making(15) pave (16) gradually(17) sparing(18) Under(19) instead(20) lower 4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1) Translate the following s
42、entences into English. (1) There are a lot more wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Beijing, a dynamic modern metropolis with 3,000 years of cultural and historical treasures woven into the urban prosperity. (2) He is such an enthusiastic football fan that he tends to hold forth on
43、his favorite team wheneverit is mentioned. (3) The educational system has to be able to outfit the young generation with necessary knowledge, attitudes and values that would ensure they are in time for the new age in which there might be no jobs but only opportunities. (4) The anxious mother searche
44、d high and low for her missing son, only to find him sleeping sound in the mess of toys in his own bedroom. (5) In order to find better detection and treatment, the hospital will actively cooperate with a local research institute to look for genetic markers that correlate with this chronic disease.
45、(6) The accounting system of an enterprise consists of the methods, procedures, and devices used by an economic entity to keep track of its financial activities and to summarize these activities. (7)When she graduated from college, Cindy decided to go back to work in the orphanage where she had been
46、 brought up, because her heart was overstuffed with gratitude and warmth for those who had generously helped her in her growth and she wanted to be like them also to give help to the kids who had lost their parents. (8) NASA planned to splurge on the feasibility of the project of sending astronauts
47、to Mars and having them settle down on it. 2) Translate the following paragraph into English. Expo 2010 Shanghai is the first Expo held by a developing country, the first held in the downtownarea of a mega city, and it was held under the shadow of the international financial crisis. This is a severe
48、 test to China and Shanghai . Over the past eight years, we mobilized resources throughout the country and pooled the wisdom of the world in the preparation for the Expo. The people of Shanghai , in particular, made selfless contributions and the International Exhibitions Bureau and host countries o
49、f past Expos provided valuable guidance. The success of the Expo could not have been possible without the tireless efforts of many people, including the organizers, construction workers, staff members, visitors and volunteers. It is theirsincerity, wisdom and hard work that haverendered splendor to the Expo. On behalf of the Chinese government, I wish to express heartfelt gratitude and pay high tribute to all the comrades and friends who have participated in, supported and contributed to the Shanghai Expo. b. English to Chinese 1) Translate the following
