1、 第 1 页考博英语范文 35 篇博士生入学英语考试协作部分试题说明根据教育部 1992 年颁布的研究生英语教学大纲（以下简称大纲大纲的要求：“非英语专业博士研究生英语入学水平原则上应达到或高于硕士生的通过水平。”大纲中对硕士生的写作要求是“掌握基本写作技能（如文章结构、段落展开和起承转合等），能按具体要求，在一小时内写出 250 词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语意连贯，无重大语言错误。”、第一部分 写作文的要求，评分标准及考试中普遍存在的问题 一 考试要求 1文章内容切题。审题准确,不跑题。2表达清楚。语言简洁、准确、说理清楚,读者能从作文内容清楚理解作者写作意图。3意义连贯。 文字连贯、层次
2、分明、意义表达完整。要使文章意义连贯必须具有一定的技能，包括较强的语感，遣词造句能力和文章谋篇布局的组织能力；4语言规范。符合英语表达的习惯、语法错误较少、语言基本功扎实，最终避免中式英语。二 作文的评分标准及样卷介绍14 分: 内容符合要求 , 包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容; 语言流畅;层次分明,句式有变化。词汇丰富,句子结构和用词准确,文章长度符合要求。11 分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容；文字连贯，句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。8 分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中多数内容；基本清楚表达的主题的内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误，个别是大错。文
3、章长度符合要求。5 分： 内容基本切题，基本表达了标题或提纲中的内容；文字连贯，语言可以理解，但有较多的结构和用词错误，且大错较多。文章长度基本符合要求。2 分： 基本切题，但语句支离破碎，只有少数句子可以理解。0 分： 文不切题。只将预先背诵的某篇文章默写下来，或语句混乱，无法理解。附：14 分样卷Topic： With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. T
4、o face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate(postgraduate) education system. State your opinion aobut this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.With Chinas entry into WTO, she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in ma
5、ny aspects. As far as talents are concerned, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, 第 2 页especially for higher-level talents. In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system.In my opinion, we mu
6、st make some reform and adjustment in graduate education system in many aspects as follows. First of all, from the view of the government, it must adjust its policy of using talents, especially higher-level talents. For example, it may provide many privileges for them.Secondly, for the viewpoint of
7、the universities, they should adjust their constructure of curriculum. They should pay more attention to the cultivation of graduates capability. They should take effective measures to direct their educational goal from exam-oriented education to education for all-round development. Finally, as far
8、as personnel is concerned, a student should pay more attention to the learning of all kinds of knowledge to meet the needs of society.In a word, it is high time that we reformed the graduate education system. If we do not make some changes in the graduate education system, we may be failure in the i
9、nternational competition. So we must reform our graduate education system. (219 words)点评： 该文紧扣主题，结构严谨，内容充实，语言流畅，句式变化多样。虽有个别小错，但英语表达能力较强，长度符合要求。万能框架As is implied in the table (or cartoon) and well known to all of us, Take in the table(cartoon) for example, its for the to But whenOn the other hand, th
10、ere do exist some that They are making all possible means to and trying their best to Compared with what those , Its a pity that And whats more, with the deepening and furthering of our countrys opening and reforming, more are allowed to With China entering the WTO, are also permitted to If still bl
11、ind to this, the is sure to So, its urgent and essential for to analyze more rationally and macroscopically.It must keep in mind that should never be unheard.第 3 页Although the condition is unsatisfactory now, with the awareness of the in the table (or cartoon) and all the society efforts, improvemen
12、t and an even brighter future are not only possible but also inevitable. 三 历年考试中存在的典型问题分析1 不会审题，偏离主题。2 汉语思维，逐字翻译。常见考生用汉语构思文章，同时将汉语句子硬译成英语。3 用词搭配不当。4 词汇量小，表达困难，拼写错误。5 句法逻辑关系混乱。例如：Our English class often told stories.正确的应是:Stories are often told on our English class.6不会用关联词转承上下句和段落。关联词即过渡词，使用过渡词，可使上下句
13、子和段落合理衔接，承上启下，使表达合乎逻辑，常见过渡词如 as far as, however, well, though, in spite of 。7 语法错误。 主要表现为：（1） 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise， raise； hear, listen（2） 被动语态和主动语态的误用,例如: interesting 和 interested（3） 词类混淆,将动词或形容词误用作名词,将名词或动词误用作形容词,例如:benefit 和 beneficial; difficult 和 difficulty; pleasure 和 pleased 等。（4） 混淆可数名词和不可数名词
14、，例如： help，practice 等。（5） 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如： a English book, should did, must done 等。四如何写出漂亮的文章文章要内容切题，表达清楚，意思连贯，语言比较规范。这就要求考生在写作时，把握如下方面：1 统一性（Unity）内容切题，实际上就是要求文章统一性。所谓统一性，就是指短文必须围绕着主题扩展，不能多中心。统一性表现在句子、段落和篇章三个层次上。我们写汉语文章的要求是首先不能跑题，实际上就是对统一性的要求。2 连贯性 (Coherence)指句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的衔接要自然通畅，主要体现在文章的
15、逻辑发展顺序和过渡词语的运用上。1） 逻辑顺序按照时间先后，或空间位置的相互关系，我们可以写出眉目清晰、符合逻辑的段落或文章。叙述文体多采用时间顺序，描写文体中空间顺序更常见。高潮形第 4 页成系指按照其重要性或严重性安排各个发展点（指段落）或发展段（指文章）的顺序，这种语篇发展方法在描写、叙述、说明和议论文中均常出现。英语语篇的逻辑顺序安排一般是先谈最次要的内容，继而谈较为重要的内容，最后再谈最重要的内容，从而形成文章高潮。2） 过渡词语的运用 语篇的外在连贯手段有时，单靠逻辑上的连贯对英语语篇来说是很不够的，因而过渡词语的运用必不可少。汉语的连贯属于“意合”，英语的连贯属“形合”，而借助过
16、渡词语取得语篇的连贯是形合法最突出的特点。所以，在英语文章内，诸如等过渡词语特别多。它们的运用挑明了句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的关系，使文章更加显得连贯。由于受汉语“意合”的影响，中国学生常忽略过渡词语的运用。所以中国学生在进行英语写作时必须对此给以足够的重视。、3 语言规范语言的规范涉及面广。小至遣词造句，大到语篇结构，无不体现语言使用的质量。根据近年博士生入学英语考试的作文试卷统计，许多考生未熟练掌握造句技能甚至不能保证单词拼写正确、句子无重大语法错误。因此要多读多看英语报刊和原著，从中学习语言用法，没有仔细阅读过、理解过的东西千万不要在作文中使用，切忌中国式英语。、第二部分 35 篇
17、范文 1. Television Program and Their Effect on children Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most
18、programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular childrens programs develop the childs interest in school-ty
19、pe learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many
20、commercials, especially those sponsoring the childrens programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a childs mind with confusing or misleading ideas, an
21、d could possib ly harden the child to violence.Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A childs viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs.2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities第 5 页With the development of moder
22、n industryu, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery
23、in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.3. “The younger generaton knows best
24、”Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than ti is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more q
25、uickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one prec
26、eded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They dont like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning
27、 the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldnt people wor
28、k best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional polit
29、ics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their pr
30、oblems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat race? Havent the old lost touch with all that is important in life?There are not questions the olde
31、r generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasnt been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance. Today, the situation might reversed. The oldif they are prepared to admit it could learn a thing or two from their children
32、. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather tha
33、n in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generati
34、on that bequeathed it ? 第 6 页4. Public TransportationAs part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it har
35、d to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of
36、 travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or
37、 railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicle
38、s on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will
39、be bettered and favorable.The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can b
40、e dramatically alleviated. So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.5. Human Education The other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Wri
41、tten Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.With the rapid development of economy, the livi
42、ng standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of s
43、pirit in todays society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times
44、 call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the
45、dross and selecting the essence”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education. It should start 第 7 页from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in pe
46、oples mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.6. Criticism on Television A lot
47、of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenagers crimes.For people
48、 in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the acti
49、on in itself frightens children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a childs paprents should be in real life. There is a
