1、初中英语八种时态归纳复习时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态问题倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。 一、 一般现在时 （一）定义 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格 和能力及客观真理。 例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home . (二)构成 主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加 s/es。 (三)句型 1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。 She reads English everyday . 2、否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+谓语+ 其
2、他。 He doesnt get up at 6:30 in the morning . 3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+ 主语+V 原+其他？ Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I dont . 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+ 主语+V 原+其他？ What time do you get up every morning ? Where does your father work ? （三）用法 1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always
3、, everyday year，month ） ,once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on Sundays 等连用。I leave home for school at seven every morning . 2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。 The sun rises in the east .日出东方。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。 Light travels faster than sound .光的速
4、度比声音的速度快。 The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。 3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting . 4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了“描述现阶段的动作或状态“，其重点“
5、不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态“。例如： He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。 Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. She majors in music .她主修音乐。 All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 （4）动词第三人称单数形
6、式变化规则 1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s; 如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives 等。 2、以 s，x，ch，sh 或 o 结尾的动词，在词尾加-es; 如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes 等。 3、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，把 y 变为 i，再加-es; 如：study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries 等。 4、动词 have 遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have 改为 has， 如：He has an interesting book .
7、 5、动词 be 遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be 改为 am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be 改为 are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be 改为 is用动词的适当形式填空 1.I like _ (swim). 2.He _(read) English every day. 3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning. 4.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning. 5.My mother_(like) _(go) shopping. 6.I can _(draw) many beautiful pictures
8、. 7.She_(make) a model plane. 8.Do you _(like)_(run)? 9.Does he_(like)_(jump) ? 10.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday ? 11.The teachers_(like)_(dance). 12.The teacher_(like)_(dance). 13.The students_(speak) English in class. 14.The student_(speak) Chinese after class. 15. He_ like swimming . ( not
9、 )二、 一般过去时 （一）结构 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是 be 动词，其形式为was 与第一、三人称单数连用，were 与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由 be 动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加 not,即 wasnt 或werent，变一般疑问句将 was/ were 放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如 stayedwentvisited 等, 这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加 didnt，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把 did 提到句首，动词用原形。 I
10、 was in Shanghai last year . I wasnt in Shanghai last year . Was you in Shanghai last year ? He went to the park yesterday . He didnt go to the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ? （二）句式 1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。 I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、否定句：主语+wasnt 或 we
11、rent+其他。 主语+didnt + V 原+其他。 I wasnt in Beijing yesterday . I didnt go to the beach yesterday . 3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V 原+其他？ Did +主语+V 原+其他？ Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ? 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？ 特殊疑问词+did+主语+V 原+其他？ Where were you yesterday ? Where did yo
12、ugo yesterday ? （三）用法 1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year),ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of,in 1980 等连用。如： At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano . 2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 When I was a child ,I often play the football in the
13、street . 3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。 He said he wouldnt go if it rained . （四）动词过去式的规则变化 1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加 -ed 如 look-looked 2) 结尾是字母 e 的动词加-d, 如 practice-practiced； 3) 结尾是辅音字母+y 的动词, 变y为i 再加 ed, 如 study studied; 4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加 ed, 如 stop stopped。用所给动词的适当形式填空1. We all _ (have) a good t
14、ime last night. 2. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday. 3. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read) 4. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play) 5. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now. 6. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _. 7. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Mond
15、ay. 8 We _ (go) to school on Sunday. 9. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car. 10. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago. 三、一般将来时 （一）概念 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 There will be an English party next Saturday . We will come to see you tomorrow . （二）结构 1、由 wi
16、ll +动词原形构成，其 will 适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为ll。变否定句时，只需在 will 后加 not，可缩写为 wont 。在疑问句中，will 需提前，构成 will+主语+ 动词原形的结构。 He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。 2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称） I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。 3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事） He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他
17、打算在伦敦度假。 （三）用法 1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，year ） ，this evening (weekend ),in the future , in a few minutes， the day after tomorrow ,by ， soon 等连用。I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week . I hope you wont be late next time . 2、当主句为一般现在时，在以 after,when,while,a
18、s soon as ,if ,unless 等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。 Ill do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .单项选择 ( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. i
19、snt going to working D. wont work ( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. -_ you _ free tomorrow? -No.
20、 I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -_. （不，不要。 ） A. No,
21、you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please. ( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeti
22、ng. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have 四、过去将来时 表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个“将来“时间绝不会延伸到现在；而仅限于过去时间区域内。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于： A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；C）表示过去情况中的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句。例如： A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的
23、反应是什么。 She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。 He didnt expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。 B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,
24、他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。 C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。 Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。 过去将来时基本结构 过去将来时由 wo
25、uld, was/were going to, was/were to was/were about to 等加动词原形构成, 也可由 was/were on the point of 加动名词构成。 例句： I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。 I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切。用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 2. She told him that she _(not stay) here fo
26、r long. 3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year. 4. The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future. 5. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning. 6. I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning. 7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-ei
27、ght. 8. Whenever she has time, she _(help) them in their work. 五、现在进行时 （一）结构 由 Be(amisare) 动词ing 构成。 （二）用法 1、表示说话时刻正在进行的动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内的一段时间正在进行的动作。常用时间状语及标志词：now( at the moment ) ,listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等。 Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room . 2、表示
28、一种渐进的过程。 My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English . 3、与 always , all the time , forever 等连用，表示说话人某种强烈的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。例如： He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。 She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。 Are you feeling better
29、today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？ One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。 Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜欢） 有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。 4、表示移位的动词，如 go,come,leave,start,arrive 等，其现在进行时可表将来。She is leaving for Beijing next weak
30、 . My friend is coming for dinner . （三）句型 1、肯定句：主语+ be(amis are) 动词ing +其他。I am studying now . 2、否定句：主语+ be +not+动词ing +其他。 I am not studying now . 3、一般疑问句：Be+主语 +动词ing +其他？ Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isnt . 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Be+主语+动词ing +其他？ What are you doing now ?（4）动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法： 1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。 read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting 2、以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 再加-ing。
