1、Unit 2 Initial Education 启蒙教育Text 1 A Babys PerceptionA few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper(尿布) their first-born son.“You dont have to be so grim (严厉的) about it,”she protested.“You can talk to him and smile a little,” the father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly
2、, “he has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”Psychologists now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who
3、reacted only by reflex(影像), a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the gospel(真理). Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry(模糊的) shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishm
4、ent, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet(摇篮). Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his e
5、nvironment including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal (初生的) period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesnt. He shuts out unpleasant sensat
6、ions by closing his eyes or averting(转移) his face. He is a glutton(酷爱的人) for novelty(新奇的事物). He prefers animate(鼓舞) things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.When a mere nine minutes old, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes this choice despite the fact t
7、hat, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time hes twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony(同步性) to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.A f
8、irmly B victim C outline D delivery E precise F protested G perceptive H primitive I rejects J significant K shadows L tapping 婴儿的感知能力几年前，一位年轻的母亲看到她的丈夫给大儿子换尿布的情形。 “你不该对他这样板着脸， ”她抗议道：“你可以跟他交谈并带点微笑。 ”那位父亲正好是一名心理学家，他非常坚决地回答道：“他没有什么要跟我说的，我也没有什么要跟他说的”。心理学家们现在知道这位父亲的错有多严重了。从出生的一刻开始，婴儿就有许多事情要对父母讲，父母也有许多事情要
9、对孩子说。但十几年前，这些专家将新生儿描绘成一个只对影像有反应的原始生命，一个没有能力影响周围环境的无助的受难者。而母亲们却接受了真理。许多人认为(一些人仍然这样认为)一个新生儿只能看见模糊的影子， 他的其他感观尚未充分发育，而且他的全部需要就是营养品、干净的尿布和一个温暖的摇篮。今天，遍及全国的大学实验室正在对头一个月的新生儿进行研究。结果是，心理学家现在认为新生婴儿有感知能力，有惊人的学习能力，甚至具有更非凡的能力塑造他的环境其中包括他的父母亲的态度和行为。有些研究者认为初生的四个星期甚至可能是一生中最重要的阶段。新生儿远远不是无助的，他知道什么是他喜欢的，并且排斥他所不喜欢的东西。他会通
10、过闭上眼睛或者转动脸部来拒绝令他不快的感觉。他是一个酷爱新奇事物的人。他喜欢生机勃勃的东西胜过死气沉沉的东西，并且与其他事物相比，他更喜欢人。只有 9 分钟大的婴儿就比较喜欢人的面容而不是一个头型轮廓。尽管接生室的工作人员戴着面罩穿着长袍，他在此前从没有看见过一张人的脸，他也还是做出了这样的选择。到他 12 小时大的时候，他的整个身体随着人的声音做精确的同步运动，好像跳舞一般。如果不是人的声音，比如敲击声，就不会引发这样的响应。难 句 解 析1. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a pri
11、mitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it.【分析】复合句。句首 a decade or so ago 为时间状语，as.influence it 为 were describing 的宾语补足语，其中 a primitive creature 和 a helpless victim 是 as 的并列宾语，who 引导的定语从句修饰 a primitive creature，without 引导的介词短语作后置定
12、语，修饰 environment。2. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.【分析】多重复合句。谓语动词 thought 后边的 三个 that 从句均为宾语从句，它们之间是并列关系，都作 thought 的宾语。3. Far from
13、being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesnt.【分析】多重复合句。Far from 作状语修饰句子，句中两个谓语动词并列，what 引导宾语从句。下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09 高频词汇protest* /9pr5Utest/ v. a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, thoug
14、h, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others ar
15、e severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very import
16、ant in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept(规则)” . If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally inse
17、cure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.A awareness B acquisition C confused D consistency E enthusiasm F imp
18、osed G morality H forbid I principles J punctuality K severe L sincere M strictness儿童教育在养育孩子的过程中，每个家长都热切关注着孩子习得的每一项新技能说的第一句话，独立迈出的第一步或者是读和写的开始。让孩子远远超过他正常的学习速度往往是很多家长都想要的，但这会使孩子在孩提时就建立对失败的危险感并陷入忧虑状态。这在任何成长阶段都可能发生。一个婴儿可能被迫过早地使用马桶，一个小孩可能还在他不懂所读句子的意思时就被鼓励去阅读。但另一方面，如果过分地听任其自然成长，或者不给他任何学习机会，他就会失去天性中对生活的热情
19、，失去自己发现新事物的欲望。家长们对孩子的严格程度大不一样。一些可能在钱的事情上特别严格。另一些可能对晚上回家的时间和准时吃饭要求苛刻。一般来讲，这些管束体现了家长的需求和社会的价值观，并在同等程度地表现了孩子自己的幸福观。至于对成长中的孩子的道德标准的培养，家长教导的前后一致是非常重要的。今天禁止一件事，明天又不予追究，道德标准何以立足? 同样，家长们应该认识到“身教胜于言传”。如果他们不诚实，不以身作则，他们的孩子可能感到困惑，当他们大到可以自己考虑问题的时候就会变得在情感上觉得不安全，并认识到在某种程度上他们被愚弄了。突然意识到父母的为人之道和他们自己的道德标准有显著的不同对孩子可能会是
20、一个极危险的挫折。难 句 解 析1. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.【分析】复合句。if 引导条件状语从句，主句中宾语 enthusiasm 与 desire 并列，to find out new things for himself 为不定式短
21、语表目的。2. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality.【分析】简单句。主语为动词不定式，谓语动词用单数。3. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize t
22、hey have been to some extent fooled.【分析】多重复合句。句首 if 引导条件状语从句，其中 what they preach 为 practice 的宾语从句，when 引导的是时间 状语从句，其中 grow 与 realize 为从句的并列谓语动词，realize 后接宾语从句。下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09 高频词汇acquisition /8kwI9zISFn/ n. 获得，习得；获得物，增添的人( 或物)【搭配】technique acquisition 技术引进【引申】 同根acquisitive a. 想获得的，可学到的同义acquir
23、ement n. 取得，习得【活用例句】In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing.抚养孩子过程中，家长热切注意孩子学会的每样新本领第一次说出的字词，第一次走路不让人扶，或是第一次开始学习读写。enthusiasm /In9Tju:zIzFm/ n. 热情，热心；巨大
24、兴趣【词根】enthus( 使充满热情 ) iasm(名词后缀)【搭配】show enthusiasm for(about). 热衷于；lose enthusiasm for. 对 失去兴趣【活用例句】These overseas students show great enthusiasm for learning a new language. 这些留学生对学习新的语言表现出了极大的热情。strictness /9strIktnIs/ n. 严格，严谨【词根】来自 strict ( a. 严格的) 【搭配】strictness towards. 对严格【活用例句】The orders of
25、 the government had been executed with absolute strictness.政府的命令已绝对严格地执行。severe* /sI9vI5(r)/ a. 严重的；严厉的；严峻的；朴素的【联想】s ever(曾经，永远) e 曾经艰难的日子一去不复返了【搭配】a severe shortage of food 粮食严重短缺； severe winter 寒冬；severe cold symptoms 严重感冒症状；under severe strain 处于极度紧张之中【写作例句】In the absence of social knowledge and
26、experience, students would not be likely to adjust to the future society which is full of severe competitions.缺乏社会知识和经验，学生们将不可能适应充满激烈竞争的未来社会。同义harsh /hA:S/ a. 严厉的，刺耳的，粗糙的【联想】har( 看作 hard 坚硬的) sh态度强硬 严厉的【听力例句】Harsh winters kill kudzu off.寒冬令野葛无法生存。06.6punctuality /8p(f6)(ce)ktjU9lItI/ n. 准时，如期【引申】 同义
27、on time 准时on schedule 按时【活用例句】Our boss urged on us the significance of punctuality.老板向我们强调守时的重要性。impose* /Im9p5Uz/ vt. 把强加给【词根】im(=on) pose (put 放置)把某物置于上边把强加于【搭配】impose a ban on the import of sth 宣布禁止进口某物【引申】 同义force vt. 强制，强加【活用例句】You can express your opinions, but dont try to impose your ideas on
28、 others. 你可以发表意见，但不要试图把自己的想法强加给别人。同根deposit /dI9p(e7)zIt/ n. 押金；存款；沉积物；矿藏 #09 vt. 使沉淀；存放；寄存；储蓄【词根】de(向下) pos(放) it 向下放沉淀【搭配】pay a deposit 交押金；withdraw the deposit 取回存款；petroleum deposits 石油储量【活用例句】Many people dont like to deposit money in banks because of the low interest rate. 因为利率太低，许多人都不愿意把钱存进银行。
29、consistency /k5n9sIst5nsI/ n. 连贯性，一致性；坚固性；浓度【搭配】oil of the wrong consistency 浓度不当的油【引申】 同根consist vi. (of)组成；(in)在于consistent a. 一致的；一贯的同义accordance 一致，和谐【活用例句】Your behavior lacks consistency you say one thing and do another!你的行为缺乏一致性说的是一回事，做的却是另一回事! forbid* /f59bId/ vt. 不许，禁止；阻止，妨碍【联想】for(为了) bid(投标)为了私利去投标是禁止的【搭配】forbid sb to do (sth) 不准某人做(某事)；forbidden subjects such as sex and politics 禁止谈论的题目，如性和政治【引申】 同义ban vt. (from) (尤指被法律)禁止，取缔prohibit vt. (from)(根据法律或原则)禁止prevent vt. (from) 防止，预防；制止【活用例句】The guard forbade us to look out of the window when the train was moving. 火车开动时，乘警禁止我们把头伸到窗外。
