1、高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句 判断关系代词与关系副词 限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。 关系副词有：when, where, why 等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
2、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。 （whom/that 在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换）。例如： They rushed over
3、to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。 （which / that 在句中作宾语） The pac
4、kage （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 （which / that 在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词+ which“结构，因此常常和“介词+ which“结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the pl
5、ace where（in which ） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that 代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why 和“介+which“引导的定语从句，在口语中 that 常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely
6、 to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with
7、you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days （which ） I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词
8、 where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例 1 变为肯定句： This museum is _ you vis
9、ited a few days ago. 例 2 变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句 1 中，所缺部分为宾语，而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用，只有 the one 既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选 D。 而句 2 中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词 where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词 on 用的不对，所以选 A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先
10、行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose） ；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。 18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house
11、, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I ha
12、ve read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性
13、定语从句。 18.5 介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that 前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词 “结构可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互换。例如 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ Do you rem
14、ember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句 由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句， as 和 which 可代整个主句，相当于 and this 或 and that。As一般放在句首，which 在句中。例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。 典型例题 1）Al
15、ice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案 C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that 修饰，而用 which.，it 和 he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选 he 句意不通。 2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案 B。which 可代替句子，用于
16、非限定性定语从句，而 what 不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it 不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案 B. as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： （1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which 不可。 （2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主
17、语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用 which.。在本题中，prevent 由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为 B。 as 的用法 例 1. the sameas；suchas 中的 as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。例如： I have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。 例 2. as 可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 As is known, smoking is
18、 harmful to ones health. As 是关系代词。例 1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语；例 2 中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词 know 要用被动式。 。 18.9 关系代词 that 的用法 1）不用 that 的情况 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如： （错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b） 介词后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 We depend on the l
19、and that/which we get our food from. 2） 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a） 在 there be 句型中，只用 that，不用 which。 b） 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时，只用that，不用 which.c） 先行词有 the only, the very 修饰时，只用 that。 d） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用 that。. e） 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如： All that is needed
20、is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 定语从句1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I sp
21、oke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.
22、The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that h
23、as been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _
24、sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what
25、C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B
26、. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in
27、 Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. th
28、e title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ w
29、e spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working pe
30、rfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for whic
31、h D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My
32、 neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You ca
33、n depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall neve
34、r forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at
35、the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
36、47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of wh
37、ich D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 参考答案一 单项选择 定语从句 15 A C A B A 610 B C C A D 1115 C B D D A 1620 D C A B B 2126 B B B A D D参考答案及解析1. A. which 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. “和谁讲话” 要说 speak to sb. 本题全句应为 Do you know the man whom I spoke
38、to.。whom 是关系代词，作介词 to 的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where 是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when 是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which 是关系代词，在从句中作 forget 的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第 5 题。7. A. 解析见第 3 题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是 films,因此，关系代词 that 是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态 have been shown。如果句中的 one 前面使用了定冠词 the，则 the one 应该视为先行词。9. A. “谈到某事物
39、”应说 talk about sth.。about 是介词，其后要用 which 作宾语，不能用 that。10. A. with which 是“介词+关系代词 “结构,常用来引导定语从句.with 有“用“的意思,介词之后只能用 which,不能用 that. with which 在定语从句中作状语 ,即 he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在从句中作状语.12. D. with whom 引导定语从句.with whom 放在从句中即
40、为:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose 引导定语从句,在从句中作主语 family 的定语 .14. A. that 引导定语从句,因为先行词是 all,所以只能选用 that 引导.15. D. the same.as 是固定用法, as 引导定语从句时, 可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as 作从句的主语.16. D. such as 是固定用法,as 引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as 作表语.17. B. as 作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时 as 所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代
41、整个主句的含义。as 在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much 是主句,with whom I went to the concert 是定语从句.with whom 放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as 引导定语从句时通常构成 suchas 或 the sameas 固定搭配，其中 such 和 same 修饰其后的名词，as 为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as 在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such
42、修饰单数名词时,要用 such a.,本题中 such books, such 直接修饰复数名词.20. B. things 和 persons 是先行词 .当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用 that.21. D. who 引导非限制性定语从句,who 作从句的主语.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行词 person 后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词 whom.因为, whom 作从句中 met 的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句 who could
43、do it.who 在从句中作主语,不可省略.24. A. whose title 引导非限制性定语从句,whose title 也可以说成 the title of which25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词 for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for “以.而闻名“.26. C. 当先行词被 such 修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用 as. As 在本从句中作主语.27. A. 两个先行词 the day 都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词 when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词 spen
44、t 的宾语,因此要用关系代词 which 或 that 来引导定语从句.28. D. 在 way、distance、direction 等词后的定语从句中，常用 that 来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或 where，而 that 常可省略。29. D. for which 在定语从句中作原因状语,可用 why 来替代.30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句 .31. A. The reason why was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的 why 和 that 不能随意换位，也不能将that 改成 beca
45、use，尽管 that 这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用 which 引导,which 表示前句话的整个含义.33. A. 解释见 28 题.34. D. 主句中的 two 表明不能选 A.从句中的 are 表明不能选 B. both of which 用来引导非限制性定语从句.35. C. as 引导定语从句时通常构成 suchas 或 the sameas 固定搭配，其中 such 和 same 修饰其后的名词，as 为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as 在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中 as 作从句的主语.36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用 which 引导,which 表示前句话的整个含义.37. D. 38. D. 解析见 35 题.39. A. he makes 是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词 that.40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.41. A. what happened 是宾语从句. all 之后 that he knew 是定语从句.先行词是 all,所以关系代词只能用 that.42. D. years 是表示时间的名词,用 when 引导定语从句,是因为 when 在从句
