1、高中语法归纳一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法1 指一类人或事，相当于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。3 表示“每一”相当于 every，one We study eight hours a day.4 表示“相同”相当于 the same We are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 Hello, could I speak
2、to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. theD. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后This room is rather a big one.8 用于 so(as, too, how)+形
3、容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词 )a success(具体化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识II. 定冠词的用法1 表示某一类人或物In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; th
4、eB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4 用于演奏乐器 play the violin, play the guitar5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法 5）Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons,
5、please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; /7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世
6、纪的某个年代in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代)11 用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词 He patted me on the shoulder.III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制I want this book, not that one. /Whose purse is t
7、his?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America.5 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前 He likes playing football/chess.6 与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词前We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; theB.不填；the C. the; 不填 D.
8、不填；不填7 以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.二、名词和主谓一致I. 名词的种类专有名词 普通名词可数名词 不可数名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例 句 意 义 名词性质花儿 个体名词She held some flowers in her hand.The trees are now in flower 开花 抽象名词青春 抽
9、象名词Youth is beautiful.He is a youth of twenty 年轻人 个体名词成功 抽象名词They have achieved remarkable success in their work.How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功的事 个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例 句 意 义 名词性质铁 物质名词Iron is a kind of metal.Please lend me your iron. 熨斗 个体名词玻璃 物质名词He broke a pie
10、ce of glass.He broke a glass. 玻璃杯 个体名词小鸡 个体名词I bought a chicken this morningPlease help yourself to some chicken鸡肉 物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如： have 等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作 Id like_information about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA
11、.some,a B.an,someC.some,someD.an,aThey sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词）A.aB.anC./ D.theCould we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.a B.anC./D.the类例： have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bathmake an advance(进步)/make an early s
12、tart(早点出发)/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a,/ B.the, anC.the, theD. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实
13、的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识 )If there were no examination, we should have_at school.A.the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest timeD.a much happier time is money.A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant su
14、rpriseB.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surpriseShe looked up when I shouted.果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is_work of art that ever
15、yone wants to have a look at it.A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusualD.so an unusualII. 名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规 则 例 词1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, speci
16、es3 只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也 audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, 可以作复数（成员） committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6 复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军
17、队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese7表示“某国人”以-man 或-woman 结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches8 合成名词将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servantsIII. 主谓一致
