1、1英语考试说明附录中部分熟词生义词学习一览表序号 单 词 熟 义 生 义 学 习 要 点1、到、在对面（adv/prep）He lives across the street.他住在街对面。the house across the street 街道对面的房子1 across 横过; 越过2、宽（adv） The river is 50 metres across. 河宽 50 米。The tree measures 50 cm across.2 add 增加，加起来 接着说, 补充说 I should like to add that we are pleased with the test
2、 result.我还要补充说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。1、演说; 正式讲演 an address of welcome 欢迎词2、对.讲演或发表演说(vt)address a meeting 向大会发表演说address the whole nation 向全国发表演说addressed me in low tones.低声与我交谈3、称呼；用特殊的头衔称呼How shall I address you? 我应当怎样称呼您呢? Dont address me as boss. 不要叫我“老板” 。3 address地址；住址(n)4、写姓名地址(vt) address the letter
3、 /envelope 在信上写地址The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq. 信封上写着杰克约翰逊先生收。1、准许进入 This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。be admitted to /into Beijing University被北京大学录取4 admit 承认2、接容 纳；容许 The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。The rules and regulations ad
4、mit of no other explanation. 这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。5 afford 担负得起费用抽得出(时间) He cant afford an hour for lunch.他抽不出一小时吃午饭 I cant afford three weeks away from work.我无法丢下工作三星期。1、 与成对照 against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照; The picture looks better against the light wall. 这幅画挂在
5、浅色的墙上显得更美。6 against 反对, 逆着, 倚靠着,2、防备；防御against the cold 防冷 against a rainy day 防备雨天 We are all taking medicine against the flu.我们都在服药预防流感。be prepared against war and natural disasters 备战备荒1、 发表(意见等) air ones views 发表意见7 air 空气,天空 使通风, 使通气 She aired the room by opening the window. 她打开窗子使房间通风。给予；使得到 a
6、llowed him 1000 for expenses 给他每年 1000 英镑的开销8 allow 允许，准许 容许(of) allow of no excuse 不容辩解 The situations allow of no excuse.形势不容许拖延; 形势刻不容缓。2体谅; 考虑到;顾及(for)We must allow for his youth.我们应当体谅他年轻。酌留；预计 allow 10% for inflation 允许 10%的通货膨胀allow 15 minutes for delay 预留 15 分钟以防耽搁9 alone 单独地, 独自地用在名词或代词之后只有
7、, 唯有, 仅仅Smith alone knew what happened. 只有史密斯知道发生了什么事。 The key alone will open the door. 只有这把钥匙能开这个门。侍侯，照应,与 on/ upon 连用)attend the very sick patients 照应重病人attend on / upon a very sick man 10 attend出席，参加 处理、料理（与 to 连用）attend to the problem 击败,战胜（用于比赛中）beat sb at the table tennis match规律性地拍击 to beat
8、a drum 击鼓 The heart beats. 心脏跳动。My pulse beats normally.我脉搏正常。搅拌 to beat eggs 打鸡蛋11 beat 连续击打, 揍1、 鼓(翼) The bird beat its wings. 鸟扑打翅膀。1、 除以外常用于否定句和疑问句asked for nothing beyond peace and quiet.除平安和平静外一无所求晚于、迟于., 到.以后Dont stay there beyond midnight. 不要过了午夜还留在那儿。12 beyond超出、超过表示范围, 限度在向.的那边, 在.之外The ro
9、ad is beyond that hill.路在山的那一边。Just beyond the fence.就在篱笆那边1、 阻塞; 堵住,阻挡（vt）The police have blocked the road. 警察已经封锁了道路。block out light 阻挡光线trees that block the view13 block（大）块；（大）片；街区 2、 障碍物；阻塞(n)a block in the pipes 管道阻塞to put up a road block 设置路障14 book 书预定 Youll have to book up early. 你要早一点订座。 T
10、he secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.秘书已经在希尔顿大酒店为经理预定了房间。15 build 建造, 建筑 体格；体型 Were of the same build.我们体型相同a man of strong build 体格健壮的人商店,商行 He has a business in the town. 他在城里有一家商店。 run / operate/ manage a business营业 in business; on business职责；本分 Its a teachers business to ma
11、ke children learn. 使学生学习是老师的责任。16 business 商业, 买卖, 交易, 生意,事情, 事物 Mind your own business.Its none of your business.17 capital 首都, 首都的1、 资本；资金；资方; The Smith Company has a capital of 30.000.史密斯公司有 3 万美元的资本。32、大写字母大写的（字母）capital letters 大写字母Write your name in capitals. 用大写字母写你的名字。1、 指控(v /n) He was char
12、ged with stealing a car. 他被指控偷了一辆汽车。 （charge sb. with sth ; 类似 accuse sb. of sth）a charge of stealing 偷窃罪的指控2、猛冲；攻击；向前冲The boy charged into the room. 男孩冲进屋里。Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。Charge the enemy 向敌人发起冲锋18 charge收费，索价(vt)费用(n)主管，负责3、充电、装(满), 装料,charge a gun with powder用
13、火药填满炮1、造币；铸币 The government has decided to coin more one-yuan pieces. 政府决定再铸造一些一元的硬币。coin gold.铸造金币2、杜撰设计（新单词或短语）Do not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody. 不要生造谁也不懂的词语。19 coin 硬币3、coin （adj. ） 投币式的（操作需要一块或多块金属币的） ；自助式的a coin washing machine.投币洗衣机1、收（租， 税， 帐等） ； 募（捐）collect the electricity fe
14、e 收取电费。collect taxes.收税 collect (raise) money 募集资金2、领取(信件等)；接走（人、物）Today it is his turn to collect the children from school in the community.今天该轮到他把孩子们从社区学校接回去。20 collect .收集 3、使镇静；集中（思想等）The old lady tried to collect her thoughts but she was too excited.“老太太力图镇定下来,但是太激动了。“Before you begin to make a
15、 speech, you should collect your thoughts and ideas.在你开始讲话之前，你应当集中你的思想和意念。collect ones emotions.镇定情绪 collect oneself 心平气和， 平心静气， 镇定一下21 company 公司,1、 陪伴、伴侣 He kept me company. 他陪伴我。 in the company of 在.陪同下 I had no company on the journey. 我在旅行中没有同伴。1、 使满意或满足 vt.Nothing contents her, she is always co
16、mplaining. 没有什么能使她满意，她总是抱怨。contented himself with one piece of cake.（他）吃了一块蛋糕非常地满足22 contentn.内容, 容量, 目录, 满足（to ones hearts content 心满意足adj.满足的, 满意的, 愿意2、含量 the content of silver in a ton of ore 一吨矿砂中银的含量423 corner 角落, (街道)拐角处,把难住；使走投无路The dog cornered the rat. 狗把老鼠逼到一个角落。1、依靠，依赖(on) You can count o
17、n my help.你可以依赖我的帮助2、 认为；视为；看作count it an honor (to do sth.) （把做某事）引以为荣24 count 数数, 计算（count down倒计时）3、有价值；重要；有用Every second counts. 每一秒钟都很重要。You really count with me.对我来说你确实很重要1、 占（时间或空间）The town covers 5 square miles. 小镇占地 5 平方英里。 2、 走完（一段路程）I want to cover 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完 100 英里3、 行新
18、闻采访 cover a fire for a newspaper 为报纸采访失火的新闻4、 够付（费用）足以抵补补偿These expenses are covered by the state. 这些费用都由国家负担。cover the loss 弥补损失5、包括；包含；论及The review covered everything we learned last term. 这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。25 cover 盖子, 封面覆盖 6、看完(多少页书) cover fifty pages in 15 minutes26 crazy疯狂的；精神错乱的；蠢的着迷的；狂热的 Sh
19、es crazy about dancing. 她热衷于跳舞。be crazy about over热衷于, 醉心于 ；爱上, 迷恋着补充：like crazy mad 口发疯似地; 拼命地; 猛烈地 They were running around like crazy.他们拚命地跑着27 date日期起始于(某时期); 属于( 某时期)date back to / date from男女之间的)约会; 约会的对象;与约会She is my date.她跟我有约会。have a date with sb./date with sb.28 develop 发展, 形成，研制,开发 冲洗(胶片、
20、相片等) develop films /photos 冲洗胶卷29 draw 画图吸引；拉；抽；平局（vi. vt. 加入；登录,计 回车写下或输入 We entered our names in the guest book; 我们在来客名薄上写下姓名；enter the data into the computer.把数据输入电脑1、胜任的 John is quite equal to the job of running the office.约翰很能胜任主理这个办事处的工作。33 equal平等的；相等的； 等于（vt） 2、比得上(vt) None of us can equal h
21、er. 没人比得上她。34 exercise 练习；锻炼（v / n） 运用（权力）等(v / n) exercise ones right 运用自己的权利exercise ones intelligence to solve the problem。运用智慧解决问题开发, 开采 exploit a mine 开矿 to exploit the oil under the sea 开发海底石油35 exploit 剥削(v) 利用(v) exploit every opportunity利用每一个机会1、快速的；快递的 an express train2、快车(= express train)
22、 快递服务；快件服务the No. 12 special express to Beijing开往北京的 12 次特快36 express 表达, 表示3、快速地；用快递方式地 advto sent the parcel express 包裹寄快件(肤色)白皙的, (头发)金黄的(天气) 晴朗的fair skin.白皙的皮肤 fair hair.金发fair skies.晴朗的天空集市 商品展览会；商品交易会village fair 农村集市 trade fair 商品交易会industrial fair 工业博览会37 fair公平的（adj. ）adv公平地；公正诚实地You must p
23、lay fair.你必须公正处事。你必须公平地比赛。38 figure 数字, 人像；画像; 图；图表人物 the great figures of history 历史上的伟大人物6领会, 懂得 We must figure out how to solve the problem.我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。I couldnt figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。(figure out 算出；了解)He figured the whole scheme at once.他马上就懂得了整个计划。推测
24、, 判断, 估计 I figure hell be back soon.我估计他很快会回来。2、步行 Well foot it.我们将步行去。2、与. 时常交往 I know him, but I dont frequent him much.我认识他, 但不常往来。39 game比赛, 游戏, 竞赛, 复 运动会猎物,野味（不可数） Lions and elephants are called big game when they are hunted.被追捕的狮和象称为大猎物。40 gift 赠品, 礼物, 天赋, 才能 He has a gift for poetry. 他有做诗的天赋。
25、a man of many gifts 多才多艺的人1、成绩；分数 He always got high grades in school.他在学校里总是得高分。2、分等，分级(vt.) to grade the cotton 给棉花分等These apples have been graded according to size and quality.这些苹果已经按照大小和质量分了等级。41 grade 等级；级别；年级补充：He graduated in history. 他毕业于历史专业。He graduated with honors.他以优异成绩毕业。He was has been
26、 graduated from Oxford in the class of 1978.他是牛津大学 1978 届毕业生。 （授予学位, 准予毕业）使身体保持某种姿势Hold yourself still. 身体不要动。抑制；控制 to hold ones breath 屏住气容纳；装 The room can hold twenty people. 这屋子可容下 20 个人。How much water does the jug hold?那罐子能盛多少水 ?占有；占据；坚守 to hold a position 坚守阵地42 hold拿着，握着召开，举行;拥有，持有（金钱、土地、职位等）h
27、old an important position at the bank. 在这家银行里担任一个重要的职务。 My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter.“对于这件事,我和丈夫的意见相左。7保持；继续 “Hold the line, please.“请不要挂断电话机 !Do you think the good weather can hold?你认为好天气能持续下去吗?认为，以为 I hold it for certain.我以为那是确实的。We hold that no country should interfer
28、e in the internal affairs of other countries.我们认为一国不应干涉他国的内政。hold to be拘留，扣留 held the suspect for questioning.拘留嫌疑犯以待审讯2、熟悉 She has a good knowledge of London. 她对伦敦的情形很熟悉。国家 war between lands 国与国之间的战争捕（鱼）抓住或钓上（鱼）land a big catfish.钓上一条大鲇鱼43 land陆地; 土地，（使）登陆, （使）登岸,（使）着陆；（非正式）搞到，捞到，获得，取得land a well-p
29、aid job; 找到一份收入很高的工作 land a contract with a Japanese firm揽到一份与一家日本公司的合同1、已故的前任的the late doctor 已故的医生the late president 前任总统the late government 上届政府his late wife 他已亡故的妻子2、新近的，最近的 the late news 最近的新闻the late earthquake 最近的地震3、不久前、新近（adv ）I saw Mr. Wang as late as yesterday.就在昨天我还看见过王先生。44 late 迟的, 晚(期
30、)的(adj/ adv)补充：1、of late 近来 feel better of late.最近感觉好多了2、latest（late 的最高级）: 最后的、最近的、最新的 latest newsat (the ) latest 至迟、最迟 3、later (on) 以后、后来1、vi.持续, 延续, 维持; 耐久The festival lasted two days.节日持续了两天。This cloth lasts well.这种布很耐穿。2、够用、使得以维持（vt）The food will last us another week.食品够我们再吃一星期。45 last最后的，最末的;
31、 紧接前面的；刚过去的(adj)最后（的人、东西） ；最后，上次3、最不可能的 least likely or expected） ；最不适当的，最不合适的（the least desirable or suitable）the last person we would have suspected.我们最不可能怀疑的人 the last man for the job.对这项工作最不合适的人1、通往（向） （to） The path leads to the village. 这条小路通到那村庄。46 lead领导，引导，铅 1、 导致（to） lead to the thief being
32、 caught82、 在比赛中）领先After the first half of the race I was leading. 跑了一半赛程后我领先了She was in the lead during the race. 她在赛跑中领先。3、 过（生活） He led a hard life.他的日子过得很苦。4、 榜样,带头 take the lead in everything1、使处于某种状态leave the work undone 丢下工作不干leave him an orphan 使他成为孤儿leave him sad 使他伤心leave the raincoat hangi
33、ng behind the door 让雨衣挂在门后 leave sb. in the dark 不让某人知道2、听任 leave him there 让他呆在那里吧。leave it as it is 让它保持原样。I will leave you to do as you like.你爱做什么就做什么。47 leave离开, 动身;留下，把（落）遗忘在某地；把交付（委托）给 3、准休 假, 假期(不可数)ask for leave 请假ask for two days leave(take two days off)请两天假be on leave 在度假；在假期中grant / give
34、sb a leave 准某人的假（此处冠词为特殊用法）1、免费搭乘，搭便车He gave me a lift to the station in his car. 他让我搭他的汽车去火车站。48 lift举起,.升高, 提高; 英 电梯; 吊车 2、窃取（尤指小件物品） ；抄袭，从已发表的东西上照抄、剽取(观点、文章等)He was caught lifting make-up in the supermarket.Many of his ideas were lifted from other authors.他的许多见解都是从其他作家那里剽窃来的。1、 运输公司 an airline 航空
35、公司a shipping line 海运公司(pl) 台词 spend the weekend learning her lines.利用熟记她的台词49 line绳；线，路线，线路; 排，列(n)；(使 )排列，排队（v） 短信；便条 Ill drop you a line.我会留个便条给你50 lesson 功课, (一节)课, pl. 课程教训 teach sb. a lesson 给某人以教训earn ones lesson 得到教训be a lesson to 对. 是一个教训51 live生活, 居住,实况地, 实况转播的,adj.活的 live animals.活着的动物live
36、 shrimps 活虾live 表此意仅用于修饰动物、家禽、鱼等。live broadcast 现场直播美口主修, 专攻 He majors in physics.他主修物理。52 major 较大的，主要的,重要的 专业学生 He is a history major.他是主修历史的学生9大学主修科目53manner 态度, 举止方法; 方式; 样子；(艺术、文学的 )风格, 手法1、群众 the masses 群众, 民众2、群众的, 大规模的mass education 大众教育；mass production.大规模生产54 mass块；团；堆大多数, 大量补充：a mass of =
37、 masses of）许多/大量1、 匹配、匹敌（vi / vt）The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.衬衫的颜色与上衣不相配。The curtains do not match with the decoration.窗帘与室内装璜不相配。Im ready to match my strength with against yours.我准备和你较量较量。These two are well matched in strength.他们俩势均力敌。2、对手; 相似的人物, 相配的人物You are no match fo
38、r him. 你不是他的对手。find meet ones match 遇到对手, 棋逢对手best match 最佳匹配 The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match.蓝衬衫与灰领带很谐调。55 match 比赛 ，火柴补充：strike a match 划一根火柴1、物质(不可数) Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.物质以三种状态存在: 固态、液态和气态。2、pl. 事态 ,情况 Thats how matters stand.目前情况就是这样。3、有问题的，有毛病的（与 t
39、he 连用）I have no idea what is the matter.There is nothing the matter with it.(the matter = wrong)4、有关系, 有重要性，要紧（vi）What matters most is that you should have confidence in yourself.56 matter 事件, 问题补充： as a matter of fact ; a matter of time吝啬的；小气的;卑鄙的be mean with money 花钱小气 be mean about/ over 在方面很小气 a
40、 mean motive.卑鄙的动机（因能力、命运等）注定I believe he is meant to be a soldier. 我相信他天生是要当军人的。用意(v) He means ill /well to me.他对我怀有好意/ 恶意.关系重大;重要 My friends mean a lot to me. 我的朋友对我来说非常重要。57 mean意思是、意味着; 意欲/想要；意指方法、手段（means,单复数同形）Every means has been tried,All means have been tried.by means of .； by this / these
41、means 101、be meant to 必须；得要 You are meant to leave a tip. 你得留下小费。2、by all means 当然；当然可以3、by no means 并没有；绝不：By no means should this remark be taken lightly.这次讲话绝不能等闲视之1、 措施；办法 They took strong measures against dangerous drivers. 他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。take measures to do sth / about sth2、斟酌, 权衡 She works
42、 hard and doesnt measure the cost to her health.她工作勤恳并不考虑身体代价。He measures his words with caution.他仔细斟酌着字句58 measure尺寸, 量度的单位; 量具；量器;测量, The room measures five metres across.这房间有五米宽。be measured in feet 用英尺量make sth to ones own measure监听器, 监视器, 监控器; 计显示器air monitor 空气监测器59 monitor 班长.监控(v) monitor an
43、examination 监考 monitor the enemys radio broadcasts 监听敌方的电台广播60 must 必须肯定 必需的东西； 必须做的事 warm clothes are a must in the mountains. 住山里必须备有厚衣服。61 nail 指甲, 钉, 钉子 vt.钉, 将.钉牢 He nailed the picture to the wall. 把画钉在墙上。62 narrow狭窄的；狭隘的 vi 变窄vt.使变狭窄, 使缩小勉强的；险胜的 a narrow victory 险胜a narrow escape 死里逃生 /侥幸逃脱63
44、nature 自然, 自然界 本性, 天性; 特性 good nature 好心肠, 温和的性格, 好脾气 human nature 人性记下 The pupil noted what the teacher said. 学生记下了老师的话。注意(到) Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days. 请注意这张账单必须在 10 天之内付清。名望, 显要 a man of note 有名望的人 , 名人64 note笔记；记录注释；短笺；便条; 纸币；钞票;音调；音符 口气；调子补充：noted adj.著名的 compare notes 交流经验；交换意见 of note著名的；重要的 compare notes 交换意见; 对笔记65 object 物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象反对(与 to 连用) strongly object to developing private cars.强烈反对发展私人小汽车。object to the proposal.反对这个提议。The general public objects to the use of drugs. 大众反对使用毒品。66 operate 动手术, 开刀 操作 operate a computer / machine
