1、 高考英语特殊句式 2012,11，28 一强调句型：“It is/was被强调的部分that/who 原句其他部分” 。被强调的部分为“人”时用 who/that，否则都用 that。 注意：被强调部分不能是谓语动词。 It was on Monday night that all this happened. Its me who he blamed.It was what you did that made me satisfied. It is I who/that am in charge of the factory. 【考点一】考查 not . until 结构的强调句，其结构为
2、 It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分。It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasn t until; that【考点二】考查复合句中的强调句型Was it _ he was seriously ill that he didnt come to school yesterday?_ he came back
3、home that we knew what had happened.A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was【考点三】考查强调句的特殊疑问句结构是：疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分，但这类句型如出现在宾语从句中，其结构为：疑问词+it +is/was +that+其他部分。 Where was it that you met the Frenchman?_ electricity plays an important part in our daily life?A. Why was it that B.
4、 Why is it that C. Why is it D. Why it is that【难点一】正确判断强调句型 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。It was the school gate _ I met an old friend of mine after class.Was it in this palace _ the last emperor died?【难点二】强调句型与 It is/was+时间+when/before 从句；It be+时间+since 从句；It be long.before.等句型的区别。It was at midnight _ I go
5、t back home yesterday. It was midnight _ I got back home yesterdayIt is two years _ I began to learn English. It may be many years_ the situation improves.二倒装定义：为了强调、突出等目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。倒装句分为三种：完全倒装：指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。1） Up went the rocket into the air. 2）Such would be ou
6、r home in the future.3） On top of the hill stands a tall tree. 4）Here comes the bus. 部分倒装：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。1） Only in this way can you solve this problem. 2）No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.3） So unreasonable was his price that
7、 everybody startled形式倒装：在语法上又被称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提置句首，主谓并不倒装。1） What an interesting talk they had! 2）The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.3） Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.【考点一】部分倒装(1)句首状语为否定词（组）或半否定词（组）的句子。这类词或短语主要有 never, neither, nor, little, seldom,
8、rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no 等。Little does he care about what I said.(2)only+状语放在句首，要部分倒装。注意，only 修饰主语不倒装。Only by this means is it possible to explain it.(3)so/such.that 结构中的 so 或 such 位于句首。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room
9、 could hear him.(4)“neither/nor助动词系动词情态动词主语”表示“某人或某事亦非如此” ；“so助动词系动词情态动词主语”表示“某人或某事亦是如此 ”。注意：当陈述部分既有肯定又有否定或者谓语动词既有实义动词又有助动词时，可用下面两个句型：It is the same with.或 So it is with.。 Eg：Jack is a student and he studies hard. It is the same with Tom.“so 主语助动词系动词情态动词”表示“某人或某事确实如此 ”。I reminded you not to forget t
10、he appointment. So you did.(5)if 引导的虚拟条件句含有 were, had，should 时, 可省略 if, 再把 were, should 或 had 移到从句句首。Had you come earlier, you would have met him.(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!【考点二】完全倒装(1)There be 结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替 be 动词的动词有：exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand 等。There exist different op
11、inions on this question.(2)“Here/There/Now/Then+come (或 be 等)+ 主语”结构。本句型中 there 是副词,应重读,强调地点。而 There be 句型中 there 本身没意义。Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. There comes the bus.此句型中的主语必须是名词。如果主语是人称代词，就不用倒装。 There she comes.(3)表示方向的副词 out, in, up, down 等置于句首, 要用全部倒装。但主语是代词时用部分倒装。In came
12、 Mr White. Away went the boy. Out she went.(4)表示地点的介词短语 (如:on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house 等) 放在句首时，要全部倒装。On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.(5)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。 Long live the Peoples Republic of China!(6)其他形式的完全倒装。Pres
13、ent at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster. East of the city lies a new railway. First to be completed was the seven- storey teaching building. Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15. 三省略省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句
14、，这种语法现象称为“省略” 。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。【考点一】考查状语从句的省略在以 when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once, whenever 等连词引导的状语从句中，若从句的主语是 it 或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有 be 动词时，常省略从句的主语和 be，引导词后直接跟不定式、分词、形容词、介词短语等。Look out for cars when (you are) cro
15、ssing the street.While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.【考点二】不定式符号 to 的省略感官实义动词 see, hear, feel, watch 等和使役动词 have, make, let 等后接不定式作宾补时, 省略不定式 to；do n
16、othing but, cant (help/choose) but 等结构常接省略 to 的不定式；在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只保留 不定式符号 to。但 to 后如有 be，have 则保留。I watched him disappear in the distance.Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher that he was wrong.My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want_ . Are you a sail
17、or?No, but I used_ .【考点三】替代词 so/not 的省略用于避免重复前面说过的内容，替代词 so/not 代替肯定或否定的内容。可与 believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, Im afraid, if 等连用。否定时 hope 与guess 只用 I hope not 和 I guess not 形式，而 think, believe, suppose 等其他词可有两种否定形式 ，即：I think not 或 I dont think so。Will you be able
18、to finish your report today? I hope so.The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? I guess not. 四反义疑问句反义疑问句即附加疑问句，是对陈述句所表示的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前肯后否，前否后肯。两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1.祈使句的反义疑问句用 will you 表示 “请求” ，或用 wont you 表示提醒对方注意；在否定的祈使句后，只能用 will you。Look at the blackboard, will you/wont you?2.Le
19、ts 引导的祈使句表示“建议”时，反意疑问句部分用 shall we。 Lets go home, shall we/shant we/may I? Let me/us have a try, will you/wont you?Dont forget, will you? 3.感叹句 用 be 的一般现在时的否定式 What fine weather, isnt it? 4.主语是不定代词 one 时 ，主语可以用 one，也可用 he(美式英语) One should be ready to help others, shouldnt one? 5.含有否定词：few,little,sel
20、dom,ha-rdly,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none,neither 等反意疑问句部分用肯定He is never late for school, is he? He hardly knows anything about computer, does he? 6.含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成 ，反意疑问句部分用否定结构 It is unfair, isnt it?7.主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定；若主从复合句为含 I think /believe/suppose.that. 结构，与从句的主、谓语保持一致。 They agreed that th
21、e United States shouldnt make a war on Iraq, didnt they? I dont think he will come, will he? I suppose (that) he is serious, isnt he? 8.并列句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 I wont go there, but he will go instead, wont he? 9.there be 句型用 thereThere was a hospital here, wasnt there? 10.含有 had better 用 hadnt We had bett
22、er go there at once, hadnt we?11.含有情态动词 must ，must 表示“必须” ，反意疑问句部分为 mustnt.? /neednt.?must 表示推测时，反意疑问句部分与 must 后面的动词呼应。 We mustnt be late, must we?Y ou must go home now, neednt you? /mustnt you?Tom must be at home now， isnt he? 含 used to 表示“过去常常” ， didnt+主语或 usednt+主语He used to live in China, usednt
23、 /didnt he?would rather/like to+v. wouldnt+主语 He would rather stay at home, wouldnt he?五There be 句型There be 结构主要用以表达“某处( 某时)有某人(某物) ”,其基本句型为“There be+某物或某人+某地或某时 ”,其中 there 是引导词，没有词义；be 是谓语动词；“某人或某物”是句子的主语;“某地或某时”作句子的状语,多为介词短语。基本结构：There is a flower in the bottle. There are four chairs and a small b
24、ed in the room. 特殊结构 ： 1.在正式文体中，某些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与 there 连用，如： appear, seem, come, remain, exist, live, stand, lie, arise 等。 There exist many ancient temples in the country. There lies a small village in the mountain.There remains nothing more to be done. There followed the First World War
25、. There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter. there+情态动词+be 表示“预见” 、 “可能” 、 “必然”或“ 过去习惯存在”等。There might be some desserts if you wait a bit. There ought to have been someone on duty all the time. there to be 或 there+being 形式，称为非限定存在句，可以作主语、宾语、介词补足语，状语等。 We expect there to be no obje
26、ctions. There being no buses， we had to walk home .【考点一】There be 句型的主谓一致当 There be 后面的名词是两个或两个以上时，There be 结构中的 be 动词要遵循“就近一致”原则，即和紧随其后的名词在人称和数上保持一致。There is a pen and two books on the desk.【考点二】There be 句型的反意疑问句 There are some trees in your school, arent there? 【考点三】there be 句型的非谓语 There_ no bus, w
27、e had to walk home.No one would have dreamt of there_ such a fine place.I dont want there_ any misunderstanding.There_ a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.六祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，祈使句的动词都为一般现在时。1.1)祈使句+and+陈述句=If.,+主句；2)祈使句+or+ 陈述句= If.not.,+主句, 主句通常用一般将来时。Work
28、hard,_ you will pass the exam.2.祈使句的否定和强调： Dont be so sure . Never come late. Do come on time this evening .3.带主语的祈使句： Tom , you water the flowers ! Be quiet , everybody !Dont you forget to post the letter for me七感叹句(1) What (a/an ) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语(2) How +形容词+a/an +单数名词+主语+谓语(3) How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语What a clever boy he is !What beautiful flowers they are !What fine weather it is !How beautiful these flowers are !
