1、高考英语知识串讲第 1 讲一、Language Points1. share v. 分享、合用：share sth with sbn. 一份，股份spare a. 业余的，备用的：spare time, a spare tirev. 抽出，匀给：spare me five minutes/spare one of sandwiches for the boyspare no efforts：不遗余力 spare no expense：不惜工本save v. 节省，救出2. He felt lucky to have survived the war.3. with sb about/over
2、sth：和某人就某事争论argue for/against sth：赞成 /反对Sb into/out of (doing) sth：说服某人做/不做某事4. have/make/let/see/watch/listen to+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)get sb to do sthhave+宾+宾补(to do/to be done)5. So+同一主语+助动词So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语So it is/was with+另一主语6. should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done7. except/b
3、ut/except for/except that/except wh-clausebesides/in additionapart frombut for=without8. The first time+从句For the first time：作时间状语Its the first time+that-clause(完成时)the first+名词+to do9. mostmost of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the)mostly: 主要地（状）10. be equal to sth：与相等be equal to (doing) sth：胜任
4、(做) 某事equal sth：与相等equal sb in sth：在 方面与某人匹敌11. compareto/withcompared to/with12. a great manyseveral/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.)(many) dozens ofa great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.)seveal/two dozen of +pron.13. much too+adj/adv(原级)too much+n.(u.)too many+n.(pl.)14. 没有被动态come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句)hap
5、pen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)sth+ take place(多表示有组织、有计划)break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发 )occur(与 happen 通用)It occurs to sb that/to do：某人突然想起15. n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phraseto do：表将来With+宾+宾补 doing：表正在进行Done：表过去16. 强调句型的判断方法：如果将句子中的 “it be”和“that”去掉，原句通顺则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。例：It was in the street that I met an old friend yeste
6、rday.二、语法专题名词的考点1. 考查可数名词和不可数名词，尤其是许多不可数名词在一定情况下变为可数名词。2. 考查名词的格，即 s 所有格，of 所有格或双重所有格。3. 名词作定语。4. 名词及名词短语的辨析。5. 名词与介词，冠词，动词的搭配。三、题型归纳辨析型单项填空1. 名词的辨析名词的辨析首先要注意名词单复数的意义区别，如 parent 指父亲或母亲，而 parents 指父母双亲；people指人们，而 a people 指民族。其次注意可数与不可数时的意义区别，如: exercise 指锻炼；而 exercises 指练习题或练习操；再次，注意同义名词或近义名词的区别，如:
7、 event 指发生的重大事件、体育项目；incident 指偶发事件；而 accident 指意外事件。最后还要注意近形词的区别，如: cloth 指布；cloths 指各种不同用途的布；clothes 指衣服(复数 )，clothing 衣服(总称) 。2. 动词的辨析对于动词的辨析，首先要了解动词的及物与不及物，如: reply 意为“回答，答复”后面接名词时需接介词to, 此时为不及物动词；后接从句时，则为及物动词。其次是要弄清动词的词义区别，如: advise 与persuade, 前者指劝说、劝告，强调过程；而后者指说服，强调结果。最后还要区别各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法：动词的
8、v-ing 形式表示正在进行或伴随的动作；v-ed 形式表示完成或被动；to do 形式表示即将进行的动作等。3. 形容词、副词的辨析对于形容词、副词，一是要注意近义词间的区别，如: clever 指对问题处理的圆滑；bright 指对问题的反应快；wise 指选择的正确等。此外，如 wide 与 broad; strong 与 powerful; interesting 与 interested; exciting 与excited 等。二是注意同形的形容词和副词，如: close 作形容词时意为“亲密的” ；作副词时意为“接近，靠拢” 。三是注意同根副词的区别，如: hard 与 hard
9、ly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意为几乎不。四是注意副词形式的形容词，如: friendly, lovely, lively 实际上是形容词，切不可当作副词使用。五是注意形容词的位置区别，如: present+n.与 n.+present，前者指当前的；而后者指在场的。4. 介词的辨析对介词的辨析要从两方面入手，一是介词的词义，如: across, through, past, over 为动作介词，across 强调从表面横过，越过；through 强调从空间穿过；past 强调从侧面、旁边经过；over 强调从空中越过而不接触，也可以表示越过一段距离、空间等。此外，如 above, o
10、ver, on; with, by; of, to; to, for 的区别。5. 连词的辨析连词的区别主要在于：一是连词的意义，如：when, while 与 as; because, since 与 for; whether 与 if; though, as 与 although 等。二是注意时间名词短语转化而成的连词，如： every/each time; the first/secondtime; the moment; the minute 等，它们都可作连词，连接从句。三是注意副词转化而成的连词，如: directly, immediately, instantly 等。四是注意连
11、词的词序，如: only if 与 if only, 前者意为“只要” ，后者意为“要是就好了” 。6. 代词的辨析代词的辨析包括不定代词，如: other, others, the other, the others, another 等；人称代词，如: one, it, that 等和关系代词，如: which 与 that; which 与 as; whose 与 prep.+which/whom 等。1. Does the teacher_ you to go home this weekend?A. allow B. consent C. agree D. approve2. Aft
12、er the big fire, the house was completely_.A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged D. spoiled3. The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest_.A. living B. alive C. lively D. live4. _ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word.A. Tiring with B. Tiring of C. Tired with D. Tired of
13、5. Its necessary to have some_ knowledge for this job.A. electric B. electrical C. elctron D. electricity6. The photo_ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year.A. hang B. hanging C. hung D. hanged7. On New Years Day, people, especially girls, always wear new_-new hats, new coats, new trousers and
14、new shoes.A. clothes B. clothing C. cloth D. cloths8. He stays up_ in the evenings to go online to get the_ information.A. late, latest B. lately, last C. late, last D. latest, latest9. _ is it to ask her about her about that? She doesnt know it either.A. What good B. How good C. What a good D. How
15、much good10. _ I had done it I knew I had made a mistake.A. Hardly B. Directly C. mostly D. Nearly11. It is said you went to see Jenny yesterday. What has become_ her?A. from B. of C. into D. /12. Who do you think will be allowed_ there tomorrow?A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited13. Today w
16、e can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship_ the sea.A. in B. across C. from in D. across from14. You wil find what great benefit the computer you own can be_ each time you use it to help you work.A. for B. of C. at D. on15. I thought he was not_ of a professor the first time I heard him speaki
17、ng to the children at the platform in the hall of our school.A. something B. anything C. somebody D. anybody16. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no_ but to take a taxi.A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection17. _ students have graduated from this school in the last twenty years.A. Te
18、ns of thousands of B. Tens upon thousands ofC. Tens in thousands D. Ten thousands of18. The farmers plan to produce three times_ in the year before last to meet the increasing need of the people.A. of crop as much this year as B. as much crop this year asC. as more crop this year as D. much crop thi
19、s year than19. I think the house is_ large for a family of four people and the price is very reasonable.A. too B. rather C. fairly D. a little20. His mother dislikes him, for he_ lies.A. tells B. is always telling C. has told D. always told1-5 ABBDB 6-10 BBAAB 11-15 BBDBB 16-20 BABCB第 2 讲一、Language
20、points1. sb./sth.+adj/nsb./sth.+to doconsider(以为，认为) sb./sth.+asthat-clausen.consider(考虑) doing疑问词+to do sth“把当作”的译法：consideras=think of/look on/take/regard/treat/haveas2. to doA way+ of doing(that/in which)+定语从句A method of doing sthby this meansYou can solve the problem+ with this methodin this way
21、by means of:通过 方式，以手段by this/that means:通过这种/那种方式by all means:务必，一定；（用于回答）当然行，请by no means:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装）3. protect(from) doing sthprevent/stop(from) doing sthkeepfrom doingkeepdoingunder the potection of4. as wellas well asmight/may as well=had better5. to dospecially+ for-phraseespecially6. alo
22、ng the river:沿着河流over the river:在河的正上方through the forest:穿过森林by the river:在河边on the bank:在河岸上7. follow the instructionsfollow ones adviceas follows8. be responsible to sb for sth9. n.doing/to do sthsb to do sthprefer+ sth to sthdoing A to doing Bto do A rather than do sththat sb (should) do sth10. n
23、.+after +n.=one +n. +after another一个接一个（强调动作的重复）n. +by +n.: 一个接一个（强调动作的变化）tree after tree/day by day11. say “hi” to sb.Please remember me to sb.向“某人”问好 Send my regards to sb.Send the best wishes to sb.12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。主+be +adj. +to do= It
24、be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do stheg. This question is difficult to answer.=Its difficult to answer the question.The man is hard to work with.=Its hard to work with the man.当不定式用作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语为该动作的执行者时，也常常用主动形式。Eg. He wants water to drink.She has a room to live in.I will go to Beijing to
25、morrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?二、语法专题冠词的考点1. 考查冠词的一些基本用法，例如：复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词；the+ 单数名词表类指；a/an+单数名词表泛指。2. 考查冠词的习惯用法。如：in case of fire, be wounded in the leg, on the telephone, leave college 等。3. 考查冠词的活用。如：抽象名词的具体化，a success; a/an+专有名词表泛指，an Edison。4. 考查零冠词的用法。三、题型归纳结构型单项填空结构型试题常表
26、现在句子中某些成分的省略、标点符号的出现、倒装或插入其他成分使前后分离等，从而引起句子结构的变化，扰乱对句子的判断。1. 有省略的复合句。由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略，导致对不定式作状语产生误解。2. 标点符号的影响。由于受汉语习惯的影响，往往会因为句子中的标点符号，弄错句子的结构。3. 插入语的影响。有些句子由于中间插入了某些成分，而使句子显得支离破碎，造成对句子结构的误解。4. 倒装句型的基本结构：(1)完全倒装；(2)部分倒装：1）在特殊疑问句和一般疑问句中；2）so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情态动词主语； 3）当虚拟语气的条件从句中省略 if 时
27、，were, had, 和should 应置于句首，采用倒装结构； 4）表示祝愿的句子：may+主语+动词原形；5）as, though 引导让步状语从句时：提前部分+as+ 主语 +谓语动词；6）表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词词组置于句首；7）当 not until+时间状语从句置于句首时，主句应采用倒装结构，而从句仍用正常语序；8）not onlybut also连接两个句子时，第一个句子采用倒装结构，第二个句子不采用倒装结构；9）no soonertham, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen都表示“一就” ，强调过去的两个动作接连发生，当 no sooner, har
28、dly 和 scarcely 置于句首时，主句常把 had 置于主语之前，采用倒装结构，但从句不倒装。 10）only+副词/介词短语/宾语/时间状语从句置于句首时，常采用倒装，但only+主语则不应采用倒装；11）在 so/suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，将 so+adj./adv.或such 置于句首时，其主句常采用倒装结构。5. 强调句型，感叹句，并列句的应用。6. 独立主格结构。1) n+to do; 2) n+doing; 3) n+done; 4)n+prep.+n.; 5) n+adj/adv; 6)n+n; 7) with+n+to do/doing/done/adj/a
29、dv/prep+n.1. He said he would do what he could_ us.A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped2. He spent all the money he had_ that dictionary.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought3. There are more than three thousand students in my school, most of_ from the country.A. that B. which C. whom D. them4. It
30、 is his cleverness, not his strenth, _ defeated his rival.A. that B. which C. what D. who5. The way you think of_ our living conditions sounds reasonable.A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improvement6. I feel strongly that whatever you_ matter to me.A. dont B. do doesnt C. dont do D. doesnt d
31、o7. Is this school_ you studied in two years ago?A. that B. when C. it D. the one8. Please tell me the way thought of_ the garden.A. take care of B. to take care ofC. taking care of D. how to take care of9. Mr Wang was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had_ went wrong again.A. it r
32、epaired B. to be repaired C. repaired D. repairing10. We will do everything we can_ our city.A. to save B. save C. saving D. saved11. The air quality in Beijing as well as in the neighboring cities we once spent much time_ better and better.A. in getting B. having got C. in is getting D. has got12.
33、Who did the teacher, as well as the monitor, _ an article for the wall newspaper?A. has write B. has written C. have write D. have written13. What do you consider_ to her?A. to happen B. happening C. happened D. happens14. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to_ some schools for poor child
34、ren.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up15. To his joy, the day he looked forward to_ at last?A. coming B. come C. came D. have come16. How long do you think it is_ she arrived here?A. when B. that C. before D. since1-5 BCDAB 6-10 BDBCA 11-16 CCCBCD第 3 讲一、Language points1. owe sb
35、sth=owe sth to sb:欠某人某物owe sth to sb/sth: 将归功于 owing to: 由于thanks to/because of/due to2. think highly/poorly/little/a lot +of sb/sthspeak highly/well/badly +of sb/sthsing high praise for sb/sth3. apologize to sb for (doing) sthmake an apology to sb for (doing) sthexcuse sb for (doing) sthforgive sb
36、for (doing) sthpardon sb for (doing) sth4. make an impression on sbhave an impression of sthimpress sth on/upon ones mind5. serve in the armyon the officeserve the people/the dishserve sb with sth=serve sth to sbserve as the chairman6. make jokes about: 取笑， 拿 开玩笑make a joke aboutlaugh at: 嘲笑have a j
37、oke with sb: 开某人的玩笑play a joke on sb=play tricks on sb: 戏弄in joke: 闹着玩，开玩笑7. to doIts time+ for sthFor sb to do sthThat-clause（一般过去时）8. the one/ones:替代同类事物中特指一个或一些one: 替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个，表泛指it: 指上文提到的同一个事物that: 替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不可数名词9. none: 用来回答 how many/how much 引导的问句，常与 of 连用no one: 只能指人，用来回答 who 引导的问
38、句neither: 两者都不，表单数nothing: 用于指物，用来回答 what 引导的问句10. cloth 布(u.): a piece of cloth表示某种特殊用途的布块（桌布）：Wipe up the water with a cloth.clothes: 衣服，服装。是一个没有单数形式的复数名词：A suit of clothes 注：不能直接用数词修饰，但可用many, few, his, my, thse 之类的词修饰，作主语时谓语动词用复数。clothing: 服装，衣着。是一个无复数形式的物质名词，除衣服外，还包括幌子，手套，鞋袜之类的东西，作主语时谓语动词用单数。A
39、piece of clothing, an artcle of clothingdress: 指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的礼服及妇女的连衣裙。suit: 成套的衣服。11. live: 活着，有生命的(作定语，主要用来指鸟或其他动物) ，实况直播的lively: 活泼的，有生气的，生动的alive: 活着的，还有气儿的，是表语形容词，在句中作表语或后置定语living: 活着，健在的，现行的12. receive: 收到，接到(客观动作 )；accept: 接受，领受(主观意愿)接受教育、惩罚、支持，遭受不幸，接待客人：只用 receive接受某条件、建议：只用 accept13. t
40、urn+adj: 常表示从某种状态向其他状态变化的自然现象The weather has turned much colder.go+adj: 常表示由好变坏的情况：The milk went wrong/bad.become+adj: 强调施动者的作用或变化的结果Please dont get e+adj: 一般表示向好的方面变化。My dream has come true.14. 含有插入语的疑问句：What do you think has happened to him?How do you suppose the film will end?Why do you believe h
41、e is unfit for the office?15. 主从复合句的反意疑问句：疑问部分根据主句确定，但是主句的主语是 I/we, 谓语是 think /suppose /believe /hope /imagine /expect /guess /know /feel /be sure /be told 时，疑问部分根据从句确定，否定转移时，疑问部分用肯定语气。She think it is a good idea, doesnt she?I think it is a good idea, isnt it?I dont think it is a good idea, is it?二、
42、语法专题代词的考点1. 不定代词：(1)all, any, none, both, either, neither; (2)another, other, the other, others, the others; (3)复合不定代词：someone, anyone, everyone, no one; something, anything, everything, nothing.2. it 的用法：(1)it 作实意代词，代替日期、时间、季节、距离；代替身份不明的人，心目中的人和事以及代替上文已提到的或下文将要提到的人、物或某种情况；代替指示代词 this, that。(2)it 作引
43、导词：作形式主语和形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词和从句；it 用于强调句型。3. 替代词 one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those 的用法。4. 人称代词在使用中要注意主格和宾格的区别，反身代词则要注意和主语一致。三、题型归纳习语、搭配型单项填空语言的习惯表达是语言在长期使用过程中的结果，不能随意改变。其表现形式主要在介词短语、名词短语及非谓语动词短语的习惯搭配等方面。习语、搭配型单项填空主要考查对英语习语及搭配的掌握和运用，这就需要在平时多加注意和积累，切不可想当然。1. 介词后的宾语：介词后面常接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，但是，在考试时要注意一些习惯
44、用法。如：far from satisfied/over; take sth for granted; in hospital 与 in the hospital; at sea 与 at the sea。2. 冠词的增删：固定搭配中名词前的冠词的有无都是习惯用法，若去掉或增加，都会使其意思发生变化。如：in prison 与 in the prison; in bed 与 on the bed; in school 与 in the school; in possession of 与 in the possession of; in charge of 与 in the charge of
45、; in front of 与 in the front of。3. 非谓语动词短语的考查重点：一是非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系；二是非谓语动词与谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后关系；三是非谓语动词的习惯用法。另外，有些非谓语动词短语已经从非谓语动词短语中游离了出来，而成为表达某种意思的固定搭配。如：to be true; to tell you the truth; to be exact; judging by/from; exactly speaking; frankly speaking; compared to/with 等。4. 动词的搭配。如：mean to do sth/mean d
46、oing sth; forget to do sth/forget doing sth; be used to doing sth/used to do sth; head for/go to; lend to/borrow from; set about/set out; write down/take down/put down 等。5. 动词短语。如：have a cold/catch cold; take place/take ones place 等。6. 短语动词。如：run out/run out of; stick to/keep on; bring in/bring on 等
47、。7. 形容词短语。如：be strict with/in; different from/in; be careful of/with 等。8. 名词短语。如：the number of/a number of; a knowledge of 等。1. No matter what you see, dont take it for_, but use your head to think it over.A. grant B. granting C. granted D. grantness2. When writing, he often keeps a dictionary_.A. i
48、n hand B. on hand C. at hand D. hand in3. His wife often goes to_ on Sundays.A. church B. a church C. the church D. churching4. It is good for you in your future life_ English.A. have good knowledge of B. to have good knowledge ofC. to have a good knowledge of D. has a good knowledge of5. _ what he said, he has been to Australia.A. Judge by B. Judged by C. Judging from D. To judge from6. She is always ready to help others and asking for nothing_.A. in return B. in case C. in addition D. in turn7. They held a ceremo
