1、剑桥雅思 6 第一套阅读 Passage 3 真题原文+ 詳細解析 +译文:READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings
2、below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi The reaction of the Inuit community to climate changeii Understanding of climate change remains limitediii Alternative sources of essential suppliesiv Respect for Inuit opinion growsv A healthier choice of fo
3、odvi A difficult landscapevii Negative effects on well-beingviii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arcticix The benefits of an easier existence Example AnswerParagraph A viii 27 Paragraph B28 Paragraph C29 Paragraph D30 Paragraph E31 Paragraph F32 Paragraph GA Unusual incidents are being r
4、eported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining i
5、nto the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects - if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present ra
6、te, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out whats going on because they consider the Arctic the canary in the
7、mine for global warming - a warning of whats in store for the rest of the world.B For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic
8、 as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them whats happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the countrys newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in th
9、is changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.C The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert thats covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships fac
10、ing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes the
11、y failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of todays Inuit people.D Life for the de
12、scendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometres of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. Its currently home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and s
13、ettled in the territorys 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summe
14、r. It would cost a family around f7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many people state benefits are their only income.E While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by c
15、limate change, there has certainly been an impact on peoples health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have beg
16、un to disappear. In Nunavuts igloo and email society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, theres a high incidence of depression.F With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change
17、in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as lnuit Qaujimajatuqangit, or IQ. In the early days scientists ignored us when they came
18、up here to study anything. They just figured these people dont know very much so we wont ask them, says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight. In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research
19、that they consult the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. They can turn down applications from scientists they believe will work against their interests, or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional
20、 activities.G Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesnt go back far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years. There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and de
21、spite the scientific onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses. IQ could help to bridge the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what were seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.Questions 33-40Complete the summary of
22、 paragraphs C and D below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from paragraphs C and D for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home. It would clearly be impossible for t
23、he people to engage in 33. as a means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching 34. and 35. as a means of sustenance.The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The 36. people were an exampl
24、e of the latter and for them the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists of little more than ice, rock and a few 37. In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their 38. lifestyle, but the
25、y continue to depend mainly on 39. for their food and clothes. 40. produce is particularly expensive.体裁 议论文主题 气候变化与因纽特人结构 A 段：概述北极罕见事件敲响警钟 B 段：因纽特人对于环境变化做出的反应C 段：艰苦恶劣的自然条件 D 段：生活必需品来源的替代品E 段：安逸生活的负面影响 F 段：因纽特人对于环境的建议逐渐被考虑和重视G 段：人们对于环境的认识十分有限A 段 incident n.事件 abstract adj.抽象的snowmobile n.雪地汽车 shrink
26、v.收缩thaw n.融雪 ice-free adj.不冻的igloo n.圆顶建筑 knock-on adj.连锁的insulating adj.绝缘的 precipitation n.降水permafrost n. 永久冰冻 (永久冻土，永久冻地) canary n.金丝雀B 段 urgent adj.急迫的，紧要的，紧急的 hard-won adj.难得的，来之不易的precarious a.不确定的；危险的 autonomy n.自治 .自治权threat n.威胁 lie in 在于content adj.满足的 combine v.结合stand back 退后(靠后站，不介入 )
27、 ancestral a.祖先的，祖传的C 段 vast adj.广阔的 vanish v.消失polar adj.两极的，极地的 adapt to 适应venture v.冒险 cope with 对付( 应付，克服)terrain n.地带 Thule n.古人相信存在于世界北端的国家，极北之地meagre adj.瘦的，不足的exploit v.开发，开拓 kayak n.(爱斯基摩人用的) 皮船mammal n.哺乳动物 sled n.雪撬D 段 descendant n.子孙，后代 rely on 依赖，依靠harsh adj.艰苦的；苛刻的 provision n.供应品，必需品i
28、ndigenous adj.本土的 replace with 取代，以代替abandon v.放弃 scarce adj.缺乏的，不足的nomadic adj.游牧的E 段 curtail v.缩减，减少 identity n.身份；特性obesity n.肥胖，肥大 depression n.沮丧，情绪低落；忧郁症diabetes n.糖尿病F 段 at stake 在危险中(处于成败关头 ) credibility n.可信性tease out 梳理，挑出 consult v.商议；请教vital adj.至关重要的；所必需的 agenda n.议程wisdom n.明智的行为：智慧 im
29、pinge v.侵犯G 段 occupation n.占有 tremendous adj.巨大的，惊人的onslaught n.冲击 capriciousness n.任性；善变prediction n.预言，预报难句解析1. While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on peoples health.参考译文：即使气候变化阻碍了狩猎和诱捕，因纽特人或许也不会真的挨饿受冻，
30、但气候变化的确影响了人们的健康。语言点：(1)starve：使饿死，饿得要死a. to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat Thousands of people will starve if food doesnt reach the city.如果食物到不了城市，成千上万的人将饿死。 Theyll either die from the cold or starve to death (=die from lack of food).他们不是冻死就是饿死。b. be starving: to be very hungryY
31、ou must be starving!你肯定饿了。c. starve somebody/something of something: to not give something that is neededThe schools are starved of funding.学校需要资金。(2)curtail：缩减to reduce or limit something The new law will curtail police powers.新法律将减弱警察的势力。 Budget cuts have drastically curtailed training programs.预算
32、削减极大程度地减少了培训项目。2. In Nunavuts igloo and email society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, theres a high incidence of depression.参考译文：在努纳武特地区“圆顶冰屋加电子邮件”的社会中，父母出生在冰屋之中，而其子女们或许从来没有到野外狩猎的经历，忧郁症频繁发生。注：此句话含有两个从句，一个是 where 引导的地点状语从句，另一个是 who 引导的定语从句。
33、语言点：(1)地点状语从句：地点状语从句通常由 where，wherever 引导。如：Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。(2)定语从句：关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who，whom，whose，that，which 等。关系副词有：when
34、，where ，why 等。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who，whom，that 代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语：I she them an who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that 在从句中作主语)He is them an whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that 在从句中作宾语 )2)whose 用来指人或物， (只用作定语，若指物，它
35、还可以同 of which 互换) ，例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3)which，that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣
36、景象。The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that 在句中作宾语)3. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as Inuit Qaujimajatuqangitor IQ.参考译文：西方的科学家们也开始逐渐吸收借鉴传统知识，并将其称为“因纽特智慧”或 IQ。语言点：(1) draw on: 凭借, 利用 to use infor
37、mation or your knowledge of something to help you do somethinga. His novels draw heavily on his childhood.他的小说在很大程度上以他的童年为素材。b. She had a wealth of experience to draw on.他有许多丰富的经验可用。(2)refer to：谈及 to talk or write about someone or something, especially brieflyIn her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.在她的自传里，她偶尔谈及她不愉快的学校生活。试题解析
