1、1动词一、五种基本形式：英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式，原形、现在式（用于第三人称单数） 、过去式（用于过去时态） 、过去分词（用于各种完成时态）和现在分词（用于各种进行时态） 。1、 第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数构成规则 例词一般情况下在动词后直接加-s 构成 eat-eats, read-reads, play-plays 等以 e 结尾的直接加-s write-writes, come-comes, close-closes 等以 s,x,z,sh,ch 以及字母 o 结尾的动词，后加 -esWatch-watches, go-es, finish-finishes 等以辅音
2、字母加 y 结尾的动词，应将 y 改为 i再加-esstudy-studies, fly-flies 等2、规则动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成方法原形 过去式和过去分词 现在分词构成规则 例词 构成规则 例词 构成规则 例词一般情况 turn 加-ed turned 加-ing turning以-e 结尾的 move,love 只加-d moved, loved 去掉 e 再加-ingmoving, loving以辅音字母加 y 结尾的try,study 应将 y 改为 i再加-edtriedstudied直接加-ing trying, studying以元音字母加 y 结尾的stay,
3、play 直接加-ed stayedplayed直接加-ing staying, playing以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母stop,plan 双写末尾的辅音字母再加-edstoppedplanned双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ingstopping, planning以 r 音节结尾的Prefer,refer 双写末尾的r 再加-edpreferredreferred双写末尾的r 再加-ingpreferring, referring以 ie 结尾的 lie,die 加-d lied,died 将 ie 变加 -inglying, dying3、 常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词一览表原
4、形 过去式 过去分词 汉语翻译am,is was been 是are were been 是bear bore born 忍受（熊）become became become 成为，变成begin began begun 开始break broke broken 打坏，打破bring brought brought 带来build built built 建筑，建设2buy bought bought 买catch caught caught 揪住，抓住can 情态动词 could 能，会原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语翻译come came come 来cost cost cost 花费cut c
5、ut cut 砍，切do 助动词 did done 做does 助动词 did done 做drink drank drunk 喝drive drove driven 驾驶，开车eat ate eaten 吃feel felt felt 感觉find found found 发现，找到fly flew flown 飞行，放飞forget forgot forgot/forgotten 忘记get got got/gotten 得到give gave given 给予，给go went gone 走，去grow grew grown 成长，种植have 助动词 had had 有has 助动词
6、had had 有hear heard heard 听见know knew known 知道，了解learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习leave left left 离开，留下lend lent lent 借给let let let 让lie lay lain 躺下lose lost lost 丢失make made made 制造，制作meet met met 遇见may 情态动词 might 可以must 情态动词 must 必须pay paid paid 付钱，赔偿put put put 放read read read 读ride rode rid
7、den 骑，乘ring rang rung （钟、铃）响，鸣run ran run 跑say said said 说see saw seen 看见sell sold sold 卖3shall 情态动词 should 将sing sang sung 唱sit sat sat 坐原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语翻译sleep slept slept 睡smell smelt smelt 闻起来，嗅speak spoke spoken 说spell spelt spelt 拼读，拼写spend spent spent 花费，度过stand stood stood 站sweep swept swept 打
8、扫swim swam swum 游泳take took took 带去，花费，乘teach taught taught 教tell told told 告诉think thought thought 想，思考wear wore worn 穿戴win won won 获胜，赢write wrote written 写will 情态动词 would 将，愿，会laugh laughed/la:ft/ 笑shout shouted 喊，叫point pointed 指出，指向like liked 喜欢live lived 生活，居住（现场直播的）look looked 看walk walked 步行
9、show showed 给看，显露出，表明二、动词时态定义：时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。四类：一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。每一类时态都对应四种时间：过去、现在、将来、过去将来。常用 8 种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时。1、一般现在时常见频度副词有：always（总是，一直）,often, usually, never, sometimes 等4地球围绕着太阳转：The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实。公交车来了：Here comes
10、the bus.以 here, there 等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。2、一般过去时有确定的时间状语，如：yesterday, two days ago, last+年 /月/星期,the other day, just now, in the old days, the day before yesterday（前天） ，this morning/afternoon, at the age of+过去年龄段，when 引导的状语从句（过去） ，at+过去时间点，in+过去的年份等。3、一般将来时常用时间副词：tomorrow, soon，(today, tonight)时间状语短语：
11、next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future 等。构成：will/shall+ 动词原形，be going to+动词原形，表示打算和预测。特殊情形：be to+动词原形，表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如：She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴。用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。be about to+动词原形，表示即将要发生的事。4、现在进行时常与 look, listen, now 连用5、过去进行时the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 等标志性词语，主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。6、现在完成时：常见时间状语：always, yet, just, ever, before，these days, recently, in the past/few 时间段，since+时间点，for+ 时间段 等。构成：have/has+ 动词的过去分词7、过去完成时8、过去将来时Would+动词原形
