1、1Practice makes perfect!高中英语-定语从句一 定义及相关术语 1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。 2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 when, where, why 等 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。 2. 替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3. 成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 The man
2、 who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替。Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to se
3、e. 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于 which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 、The season that/which comes after spring is summer. The dre
4、ss (that/which) Ann bought doesnt fit her very well. 5. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 2Practice makes perfect!I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do y
5、ou like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who 不可以） ，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very f
6、amous. This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 2. 介词后的关系代词不可用 that 和 who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom 指物时只可用 which；关系代词是所有格时用 whose。 The man with
7、whom you talked just now is my neighbour. 3. “介词+关系代词”前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系副词有 when, where 和 why 等。when, where, why 都在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which 结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因
8、的先行词。 1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： Ill never forget the day when/on which I first met you. Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 3Practice makes perfect!五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
9、限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“， ”与主句隔开。 意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“ 的” 关系词的使用上：A 作宾语时可省略 B 可用 that C 可用 who 代替 whom The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“， ”与主句隔开。 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如果去掉，主句仍能表达完整
10、的意思。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上：A不可省略 B不用 that C不可用 who 代替 whom His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. I have been to Hangzhou, which is a very beautiful city. （一）限制性定语从句中只能用 that 引导定语从句的情况 1.先行词为 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one 等时。 Ever
11、ything that he said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。 2.当先行词被 the very（恰恰，正好）, the only ，any，few，little，no，all 修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 3当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution.4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London
12、was the Big Ben. 5当主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which 时。 Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 6当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7先行词在定语从句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. 4Practice makes perfect!He is not the m
13、an (that) he seems. 人不可貌相。 （二）关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句 1. as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。As is known to all, China is a developin
14、g country. John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe. 注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用 which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 1. 当先行词受 such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用 as。 如： Ive never heard such
15、stories as he tells. （三） 以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句常由 in which 或 that 引导，而且通常可以省略。 The way (that/in which) he answered the questions was surprising. （四）关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（所担当的成分） 。A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that is famous for its beautifu
16、l natural scenery. B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which we spent together. C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. This is the reason that/which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 基础练习(1) This is the hotel
17、_ we will stay at. which/that/ (2) This is the hotel_ we will stay. where 5Practice makes perfect!(3) This is the hotel_ we will stay. at which (4) This is the hotel _we will visit. that/which/ (5) This hotel is the one _ we will stay at. that (6) This hotel is the one _ we will stay. where (7) This
18、 hotel is the one _ we will visit. That定语从句专项练习一、选择题1. (09 全国 II) My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 2. (09 安徽卷)Many children_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village Atheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom 3. (0
19、9 北京卷) What do you think of teaching, Bob? I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. Which C. When D. that 4. (09 福建卷)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 5.
20、(09 湖南卷)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose 6. (09 江苏卷)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. wh
21、ich D. since 7. (09 辽宁卷)Theyve won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising actually. A. that B. when C. what D. which 8. (09 全国 I)She brought with her three friends, none of _I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these 9. (09 全国 II) My friend showed me round the town, _ was ve
22、ry kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 6Practice makes perfect!10. (09 山东卷)Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 11. (09 陕西卷)Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time . A. of which B. with which C. abo
23、ut which D. into which 12. (09 上海卷)Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “The Magic Flute” areboth museums now. A. where B. when C. there D. which 13. (09 四川卷)Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 14. (
24、09 天津卷)A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 15. (09 天津卷)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. A. as B. which C. when D. though 16. (09 浙江卷)I have rea
25、ched a point in my life _I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A which B where C how D why 17. (09 重庆卷)Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where18. (04 全国卷) The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great succ
26、ess. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which19. (03 北京) York, _ last year, is a nice old city. A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited20. (02 北京)We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A. wh
27、at B. which C. where D. when二、翻译训练：1.我们在医院一直照顾 take care of 的老太太死了. 7Practice makes perfect!_2.你想娶 marry 的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包。 _3.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。 _4.你喜欢女孩就是我喜欢的女孩。 _5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人 bite 今天又被你家狗咬了。 _6.你知道他打算娶 reason 你的原因吗？ _7.我讨厌 hate 我住过的那个旅馆hotel。_8.我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天_9.他爱了 20 年的那个女孩昨天嫁 marry 人了。 _10.她是我见过的
28、最漂亮的女孩。 _11.The old lady who died yesterday left one million. _13.The doctor told me yesterday that there is nothing that he could do for my father. _14. This is the page ,where you can find the answer. This is the page ,which you can find the answer on. _15.As the teacher told me yesterday, he didn
29、t pass the exam. _16.As we was discussing just now, its easy for us to study English. 8Practice makes perfect!_17. As my mother told me yesterday , my girlfriend didnt love me at all. _18. As you know, the money is very important. _19. We are studying the business English, which is very useful for u
30、s In the future. _20.Do you know the reason why your dog is going to die?_三、阅读理解There are stories about two U.S . presidents, Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, which attempt to explain the American English term OKWe dont know if either story is true, but they are both interesting. The first expla
31、nation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little educationIn fact, he had difficulty reading and writingWhen important papers came to Jackson, he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they saidIf he approved of a paperhe would write “all correct” on itThe prob
32、lem was that he didnt know how to spellSo what he really wrote was“ol korekt”After a while，he shortened that term to“OK” The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born, Kinderhook,New York. Van Bnrens friends organized a club to help him become President They caned t
33、he club the Old Kinderhook Club, and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”1. The author _ .A. believes both of the stories Bdoesnt believe a word of the stories Cis not sure whether the stories are true D. is telling the stories just for fun 2. According to the passage，President Jackson _ .A
34、. couldnt draw up any documents at all B. didnt like to read important papers by himself C. often had his assistants sign documents for him D .wasnt good at reading，writing or spelling 3. According to the first story, the term “OK” _. 9Practice makes perfect!A. was approved of by President Jackson Bwas the title of some Official documents Cwas first used by President Jackson Dwas an old way to spell “all correct”
