1、定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题及答案一 1 一 关系词的选择技巧一一 1. 相关概念A. 主句、从句、关系词例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定 语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。 (例句中，This is the boy.是主句。 )定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名 词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定 语。 ） (例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech Comp
2、etition 是定语从句，修 饰 the boy。)先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。 (例句中， the boy 是先行词。)关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 (例句中， who 是关系代 词。 )关系词的三个作用 i. 作定语从句的一个句子成分。ii. 起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看 P. 10Error! Reference source not found.）。iii. 代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who 作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词 the boy。）B. 关系代词i. 指人时
3、可以用 who, 也可用 that。Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?The man who/that was killed in the accident is Toms uncle.ii. 指物时可以用 which, 也可用 that。I like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday.iii. whose 可以指人也可以指物。He was a painter whose
4、 pictures were not well- known in his life time.The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.iv. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked about just now? 注：（）表示关系代词省略C. 关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why 指原因，how 不能作关系
5、 词。如： We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. This is the way how I did it. (how 不能作关系词)基础过关1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。 The man _ /_ was here yesterday is a painter. The man _ /_ /_ /_ I
6、 saw is called Smith. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. Id like a room _ window looks out over the sea. A letter _ /_ is written in pencil is hard to read. The letter _ / _ /_ I received from him yesterday is very important. That is the boy _ / _ / _ / _ you are looking for. Do you kno
7、w the reason _ he was late for the meeting？ This is the school _ I used to study. I still remember the day _ we met for the first time.2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定 语从句、先行 词和关系词。主句：_ 定语从句:（ ）先行词： 先行词 关系词： 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for). The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have
8、you bought the book which we talked about？ I still remember the day which we spent together last week. He still lives in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl who you met was Johns sister. There is no reason why we
9、 shouldnt be friends. They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born?一一 2. 关系词的 选择技巧A. 选用哪个关系词，关 键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系 词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。 H
10、e worked in the factory which produces TV sets. He worked in the factory where his father had worked. I like the school which is near to my home. I like the school where my sister studies.在句和句中，先行 词前都有 in, 但关系词有用 which也有用 where 的；在句和句中，先行 词都是 the school, 但关系词有用which 也有用 where 的。第十二章 定语从句因此，我们可以看出，对关
11、系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句和句中，关系 词在定语从句中都是作主 语，因此用的都是关系代词 which；在句和句中，关系 词在定语从句中都是作状 语，因此都是用关系副词 where。我们可以看出，用哪个关系 词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。B. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”1. 找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。 （参看本章第 1 讲）2. 还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。 （可以添 词）3. 替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。 （时间状语用 when，
12、地点状 语用 where, 原因状语用 why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问” 相似，该用 what 的时候用which/that 即可）例如： This is the school _ I once studied. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示， 这三句话 的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：I once studied at the school.The school
13、is the most famous in the city.My father teaches English at the school.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据 “对画线部分提问” 的 规则， 1.和 3.用 where, 2.本该用 what, 在定语从句中该用 what 的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where；2. that/which；3. whereC. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009 江西】The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an o
14、ffice building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析：A 没有关系词，不能连 接两句话；C 介词后不能用 that；D 关系词一般不位于句末；而 B 可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选 B。利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词1. Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why2. Is this the reason _ he
15、was so careless in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why3. The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was ill.A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what4. He lives in a village _ is not far from the city.A. which B. where C. what D. whose5. He lives in the village _ he was born.A. whic
16、h B. where C. what D. whose6. In an hour, we travel to places _ could have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. where B. when C. which D. what 7. In an hour, we travel to places _ we can relax and get refreshed.A. where B. when C. which D. what8. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.A. that
17、 B. / C. when D. A and B9. 【2014 湖南】I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. as B. why C. when D. where10. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways _ do not do harm to other living things. A. in which B. / C. how D. that
18、11. Is this the factory _ color TV sets are produced?A. when B. the one whereC. that D. in which12. Is this factory _ color TV sets are produced?A. which B. the one whereC. that D. in which13. This is the factory _ produces color TV sets.A. where B. the one whereC. that D. in which14. 【2010 天津】Can y
19、ou believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15.A. as B. which C. where D. that15. 【2011 陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that16. 【2011 福建】She has a gift for crea
20、ting an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who17. 【2012 江西】By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that18. 【2013 山东】Finally he reached a lonely island _ was comp
21、letely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. whereC. which D. whom I. 单句改错1. 【2010 重庆】Firstly, a friend is someone you can share your secrets. 2. 【2010 重庆】After hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm. 3. 【2006 江西】I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them t
22、he photo you sent it to me.4. I often think of the days when we spent on the island together. 5. This is the museum where you visited the other day. 6. Have you ever been to Shanghai, where I left ten years ago?II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）第十二章 定语从句7. 【2014 新课标】Maybe you have a habit_ is driving your family cra
23、zy. 8. 【2014 广东】The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _we watched some people play volleyball. 9. 【2014 湖南】People should not do things _ will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. 10. 【2014 安徽】The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.11. 【2015 课标】Id skipped
24、 nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.12. 【2015 广东】When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the town met re
25、gularly.III. 写作技能提升13. 【2012 上海】在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。 (demonstrate)14. 这本书对我帮助很大，特别是在好印象是必须的工作中。（help greatly, expression, a must）15. 我认为学生应当参加社区活动，在活动中他们可以为成长获得经验。 （involve oneself in, community activities, gain experience）16. 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。一 2 一 只能用 that 不能用 which 的情况一一 1. 先行词是 anythin
26、g, something, nothing, everything等不定代词时1. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading.A. which B. as C. who D. that2. 【2010 全国 2】I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 一一 2. 先行词是 all, much，little, none 或先行词被 all, much, little, no, any 修饰
27、时3. There is not much _ can be done.A. that B. which C. what D. how4. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world.A. that B. which C. who D. what 5. 【2014 陕西】Please send us all the information_ you have about the candidate for the position.A. that B. which C. as D. what6. You can take any
28、 seat _ is free.A. that B. / C. which D. it一一 3. 先行词被最高 级、序数 词以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same 修饰时7. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that8. My watch is not the only thing
29、 _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who9. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 10. This is the last time _ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what 11. Its the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. t
30、hat youve arrived D. when youve arrived一一 4. 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that12. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.A. which B. whom C. who D. that13. He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D.
31、 what一一 5. 关系代词 在从句中作表语 或 there be 结构中的实意主语时, that 可指人或物，且通常省略(概括为：在从句中位于 be 后。此条仅作了解)He still talks like the man （that） he was ten years ago.他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。The train is the fastest train （that） there has ever been.这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。14. She is no longer the sweet girl _ she used to be.A. what B. who C. w
32、hen D. that一一 6. 当先行词 前面有 which，who 等疑问代词时， 为避免重复，用关系代词 that同理，当先行词是 that, those 时，常用关系代词 which 或who。如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?15. Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A. who B. that C. which D. whom 16.
33、 Who _ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that17. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn一一 7. 注意：关系副 词不受这些规则 的影响只是在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如：18. 【2010 福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely
34、to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose第十二章 定语从句19. This is the same house _ her grandfather was born.A. that B. where C. which D. whoseI. 单句改错1. Is there anything which belongs to you? 2. Both the girl and her dog which were crossing the street were
35、hit by a coming car. 3. All the apples which fell down were eaten by the pigs. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）4. These people once had fame and fortune; now all_ is left to them is utter poverty. 5. I like the second football match _ was held last week. thatIII. 写作技能提升6. 【2010 湖北】母亲对我所做的一切如此自豪，她奖赏我去北京旅游一趟。 （so pr
36、oud of, all, reward, trip）7. 这个就是我一直在寻找的那本书。( the very book )8. 【2004 上海】我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(it, cooperate, stick to)9. 在那边扫地的那个女的是谁？(Who, sweep the floor)10. 她已不再是过去的她。11. 如果有你一个人不能克服的困难，你可以向你的父母或朋友求助。 （ any difficulty, overcome, turn to一 3 一 其他有关关系代词选择的规则一一 1. 只用 which, who, whom 不用 that 的情况A. 关系代
37、词直接放在介词后面时，要用 which，不用that；要用 whom，不用 who。1. 【2011 湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that2. 【2008 湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.A. most of them B. most of whichC.
38、most of what D. most of that3. This is the museum _ we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that4. 【2012 上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ you received gifts?A. which B. them C. that D. whomB. 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用 which, who, whom, 不用 that，也不能省略。 （参看 P134
39、第 6讲）5. 【2010 全国 1】As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.A. which B. where C. what D. that6. 【2012 全国】That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when一一 2. whose 可指人也可指物若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换 ; 若指人
40、，一般不与of whom 互换1. He lives in a house. Its window faces south.He lives in a house whose window faces south.He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.He lives in a house, the window of which faces south.He lives in a house, of which the window faces south.2. He is the farmer. His son is study
41、ing in Qinghua University.由于我们一般说 his son，不说 the son of him, 因此我们只能说:He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University.而不能说：He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Qinghua University.7. I saw some trees _ the leaves were black with disease. A. where B. of which C. in which D. who
42、se8. 【2010 陕西】The old temple, _ roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair.A. where B. which C. its D. whose9. 【2014 山东】A company_ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A. which B. whose C. who D. why 10. 【2013 福建】The book tells stories of the earthquake through t
43、he eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. which一一 3. 当先行词为 one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，关系代词常用 whoAnyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。All who heard the story were amazed.所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶。一一 4. what 不能作关系代词；one 作同位语11. Meeting my uncle after al
44、l these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what12. Her sister has become a lawyer, _ he wanted to be.A. who B. that C. what D. which13. For Tim this was the beginning of a new life, _ he thought he would never see.A. what B. that C. one D. it14. 【2010
45、 山东】Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.A. it B. that C. what D. one第十二章 定语从句I. 单句改错1. 【2013 海南/新课标】Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.2. She showed me the dictionary, on that she s
46、pent most of her money.II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）3. Miss Smith is a strict but good teacher, _who often cares about our life and study at school.4. 【2009 安徽】M any children, _ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. 5. The old man has two sons, both of _ are lawyers. 6. 【
47、2015 四川】The books on the desk, _ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.III. 写作技能提升7. 【2013 湖北】上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。(through the course of, meet, two of, influence)8. 参观你所在的城市是一次难忘的经历，一次我将永生珍视的经历。（visiting your city, experience, one, treasure for the rest of my life）9. 那些树， 树枝几乎秃了，都有数百年了。（branches, b
48、are, hundreds of ）一 4 一 as, but, than 用作关系代词一一 1. as 引导限制性定语从句例题：I had never heard such an interesting story _ you told me yesterday.A. that B. which C. as D. that/which有些同学可能选择 D，这说明有关定 语从句的基本知识学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。要记住：如果先行词被 such, the same, so+形容词+a/an， as+形容词+a/an 修饰时 ，这时关系词我们 要用 as。此时， as 同 that, who, which, whom 一样，是关系代词，代指 the same, so,
