1、 语法填空命题特点 短文材料：课标卷 I 都是记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章，题材内容体现正能量。但 2015 年课标卷 II 是说明文。 短文长度：大约是 200 个词。 必考点是：连词、谓语动词、非谓语动词、词类转换。 常考点是：冠词、介词、代词、比较级。 常考固定搭配：全国课标卷和原广东卷考过的固定搭配有(黑体部分是要求考生填的词)：全国卷At the same time(2015,课标 II), It takes time to do sth. (课标 I), refuse to do sth. (课标 I), keep doing(课标 II), next to(课标 II) 广东卷neit
2、hernor (2013), notbut (2014), Why not do sth.? (2013), have a conversation (2011), a small amount of (2013), on sale (2009), at table (2009), at a price (2013), be tired from (2008), show respect for (2013), charge () for (2014)备考指南一是掌握基础语法：切实掌握每个项目中的基本用法，不淡化，但也不必深化。千万注意语法不要过细、过繁、过多、过难，不要将简单语法复杂化，而应
3、想方设法使复杂的语法简单化，让语法变得更简、更易、更有趣。二是熟悉考点语法：语法填空的考点与短文改错的考点基本相同，具体有以下十大考点：考点 1：名词弄清数与格。即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格。例 1We were poor in those _ (day). 分析因 day 是可数名词，受 those 修饰，应用复数，故填 days。例 2 Its about an _ (hour) drive from here. 分析句意是“ 离这里大约有一个小时的车程 ”， “一个小时的”用所有格，故填 hours。考点 2：代词 指代对象( 通常是前面出现的名词或整句)，是人还是事物，是男还是女
4、，是单数还是复数，是作主语还是作宾语。例 1 The manager was about to leave when his secretary called _ back.分析作 called 的宾语，应填代词；指代谁？指代 The manager，是人; 由 his 可知, 这个经理是男的，是一个人，单数，且是作宾语，故填 him。 如是物主代词( 表示某人的)，作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主代词，在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词。例 2Tom, a friend of _ (I), is our monitor.分析 指“我的朋友”中的一个，表示“我的朋友(my friend)”，相
5、当于“一个形容词性物主代词+一个名词”的意义，用名词性物主代词，作介词 of 的宾语，故填 mine。 反身代词反指谁，它通常作主语和宾语的同位语，这时应与主语或宾语一致；也可作某些动词或介词的宾语，这时需与主语一致。例 3 The children amused _ (they) by playing hide-and-seek games.分析缺宾语，应填代词；这些孩子拿谁取乐，应是“自娱自乐，游玩(amuse oneself)”，与主语 The children 一致，故填 themselves。类似的短语还有 enjoy oneself (玩得开心), teach oneself(自学
6、), adapt oneself (适应), dress oneself(自己穿衣), devote oneself to(致力于), by oneself(单独地)等。考点 3：冠词不定冠词表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座 /”等；定冠词表示特指，相当于“ 这，这些，那，那些”。另外， 搞清特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物用 the，以及在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物名词之前，用 the。如：例 1It was _ third time I had been there.分析在序数词前要用 the。例 2 This is _ most boring film Ive eve
7、r seen.分析 在最高级前要用 the。例 3 He is _ honest businessman, according to what everyone says.分析 可译作：根据大家的评说，他是一个诚实的商人。表示“一个”，用不定冠词，honest 的读音以元音音素开头，故填 an。考点 4：连词 并列连词。连接两个或几个词、短语或句子的并列连词有 and, or, but, neithernor, eitheror, whetheror 等。例 1 As a citizen, you must obey the law _ you will be punished. 分析 前后是
8、两个句子，应填连词；根据句意可知填 or，表示“否则” 。例 2 He likes cats _ dislikes dogs.分析 因 likes cats 与 dislikes dogs 是转折关系，故填 but。 从句连词。 引导名词性从句的连接代词或连接副词(有意思，并在从句中作句子成分 )，以及 that(不作任何句子成句，没有任何意义), 和表示“是否”的 whether/if。其中要特别注意连接代词 what 的意义和用法。例 3 He came to me in the belief _ I could help him.分析空格后面的句子是 belief 的同位语，从句内容完整
9、，也不缺少任何句子成分，故填 that。例 4 Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than _ we have done.分析在宾语从句中作 have done 的宾语，相当于 the thing that， “所的事”，用连接代词 what。 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。注意关系词是代表先行词并在定语从句中作句子成分的。例 5I met someone _ said he knew you.分析引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，用关系代词；先行词是人，故填 who。例 6 Li Ming won first prize in the comp
10、etition, _ made his father pleased.分析引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，用关系代词；先行词是“李明在这次比赛中得了第一名”这回事，故填 which。 引导状语从句的从属连词。例 7 We camped there _ it was too dark to go on.分析因“ 天太黑不能继续走了 ”是“我们在那里宿营”的原因，故填 because。例 8 Such things, _ you like it or not, do happen from time to time.分析由句意“ 不管你喜欢不喜欢，这样的事的确时有发生” 及 or 可知，填 whet
11、her 引导让步状语从句。whether or 不管还是考点 5：介词主要是 at, in, on, for, since, with, without, from, as, after, before, behind 等表示时间、地点、原因等的介词以及习惯用语中的介词。例 1 I am grateful to you _ helping me.分析 因为某事感谢某人，用 for 表示感谢的原因。例 2_ time going by, I gradually realize the importance of health. 分析表示“ 随着” 用介词 With。With time going
12、 by =As time goes by 随着时间的流逝。考点 6：助动词 构成行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句和否定句的 do, does, did。例 1 How much _ he charge you for repairing the bicycle just now? 分析这是疑问句，由 just now 可知，是一般过去时，填助动词 did。 强调行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的谓语动词的 do, does, did。例 2To tell you the truth, Tom _ take my pen by mistake yesterday, but he has sa
13、id sorry to me.分析与 yesterday 连用，谓语动词本应用一般过去时，但 take 却用了原形，可见其前面应当有助动词或情态动词；根据语境，应当是表达“的确错拿了我的钢笔” ，强调谓语动词，又是一般过去时，用did。 构成部分倒装的 do, does, did。例 3 Not only _ he do well in his study, but also he is always ready to help others. 分析 not onlybut also连接两个句子时，前一个句子要用部分倒装；主语是第三人称单数，动词却用了原形 do，可见前面应有助动词 does,
14、 did；由后句的 is 可知，是一般现在时，故填 does。 常用情态动词的基本用法。例 4I _ have gone to the school library, but it rained heavily, so I did not.分析表示“ 本应该做某事，但事实上却没有做” ，用 should have done sth. 表示，故填 should。考点 7：谓语动词谓语动词主要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。从历年广东卷和全国卷来看，考得最多的是一般现在时和一般过去时，且只需看看上下文中谓语动词是用什么时态，跟着用什么时态就行了，十分简单。例 1He was cooking so
15、me delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he_ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called分析在主语人称代词 he 后作谓语，是谓语动词；因 he 与 find 是主动关系，用主动语态，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时，故填 found。例 2Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _ (
16、tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week分析由 tell sb. sth. 可知，用被动语态，表示我们“被告知” ; 又由上下文的时态(如 went, said)可知，用一般过去时，故填 were told。例 3He suddenly appeared in class one day He walked in as if he _ (buy) the schoolhe was from New York City.分析由 as if(好像)可知，可能用虚拟语气；由语境可知，他是新来的同学，不可能是买下了学校，故用虚拟语气；
17、这是叙述过去的事，与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，故填 had bought。考点 8：非谓语动词动词是作谓语用的，当动词不是作谓语时，而是作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语时，该动词就要用非谓语形式：to do(即用 to+原形), doing(即-ing 形式), done( 即-ed 形式)。根据三种形式的不同用法，以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系等来确定具体用哪种形式。例 1Sue got home, _ (feel) very tired.分析因已有谓语动词 got，而 feel 前又没有并列连词，所以 feel 是非谓语动词；又因 Sue 与 feel 是主动关系，故填 feeling，
18、分词短语作伴随状语。例 2_(build) in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old.分析句中已有谓语动词 is，所以 build 是非谓语动词；又因 the bridge 与 build 是被动关系，故填Built。例 3It has been his dream _ (travel) round the world.分析It 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故填 to travel。例 4_ (collect) stamps seems to be his main hobby.分析因 seems to be是谓语了，collect 应为非谓
19、语；由句子结构可知,填 Collecting，动名词短语作主语，当然填 To collect 也是正确的。例 5I didnt talk much to the man _ (sit) next to me.分析因句中已有谓语动词 didnt talk，所以 sit 应为非谓语动词；又因 the man 与 sit 是主动关系，故填 sitting,分词短语作定语。例 6She avoided _ (answer) the teachers questions.解析在 avoid 后只能接动词的-ing 形式作宾语，故填 answering。顺便提提，一定要牢记: 只能接动词-ing 形式作宾
20、语的常用动词, 如 finish, enjoy, consider, advise, suggest, feel like, cant help 等; 只能接 to do 作宾语的动词, 如 plan, want, wish, hope, would like, refuse 等; 接 to do 与 doing 意思有差别的动词,如 forget, remember, regret 等； look forward to, devote oneself to 等 to 是介词的短语动词。考点 9：词类转换要求考生搞清楚，什么词类在句中作什么成分，或什么成分用什么词类的词来充当。复习要点主要有：
21、 作主语、宾语、表语，用名词。亦即，名词就是在句中作主语、宾语、表语的。例 1Several children are away from school because of _ (ill). 分析作介词 because of 的宾语，要用名词，故填 illness。 作定语、补语、表语，用形容词。亦即，形容词在句中是作定语、补语、表语的。例 2 This is the only reference book that I find _(use).分析that I find useful 是定语从句，关系代词 that 代表先行词 the book，在定语从句中作 find 的宾语，所以要填的
22、词是作宾补的，故填形容词形式 useful。 作状语，用副词修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或修饰全句。亦即，副词就是用来作状语的。例 3I arrived late but _ (luck), the meeting had been delayed.分析修饰后面整个分句，作状语，填副词 luckily。考点 10：比较等级有 than 的前面要用比较级；有 in, of, I have ever seen 等表示比较范围的用最高级；根据语境理解隐形的比较级。例 1It takes _ (little) time to go there by plane than by train.分析由 th
23、an 可知，要用比较级，故填 less。例 2My pronunciation is poor. His is even _ (bad).分析由 even(更) 可知用比较级，相当于后面省略了 than mine，故填 worse。例 3Hainan is Chinas second _ (large) island.解析表示“ 第几大/ 长” ，用“序数词+最高级”表示，故填 largest。例 4Mr. Li, our English teacher, is one of the _ (nice) people I know.解析有定语从句 I know 表示比较范围，用最高级，故填 ni
24、cest。此外，作形式主语和形式宾语的 it，构成强调句型的 it, that 都是很可能要考的，同学们务必要注意。例 1I find _ interesting to learning English.解析填 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。例 2It is because he has been working hard _ he has made such great progress.解析填 that，与前面的 It is 构成强调结构。解题指导了解语法填空的考点和考法对解题非常有用。具体步骤大致为： 略读全文抓大意。 分析句子结构，根据所填词在句中充当什么成分确定要填哪类
25、词，即从句子结构的完整性去思考该填哪类词。 根据句子意思的完整性去思考具体填哪个词。 根据前后句子之间的逻辑关系确定填适当的并列连词或从句的引导词。 先易后难，等容易的做好后再考虑难题。做完后再通读一遍，认真检查。真题再练1. 2015 课标卷 I Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 61 _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours 62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 _(it) choking
26、 smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 _ (painting). Instead, Id head straight for Yangshuo. For those wh
27、o fly to Guilin, its only an hour away 66 _car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo 67_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 _ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popula
28、r weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 _ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 _(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.本文作者记叙从香港来到桂林阳朔旅游的日记。61. arrived 当一个动作正在发生时突然又发生另外一事，when (=and just at that time)后的谓语动词用一般过去时。62. before 上
29、文 “现在来到了阳朔 ” 后文“我还在香港的家里” ，可见是“几个小时之前” 。63. its 指“香港的” 令人窒息的烟雾。64. which/that 引导定语从句，先行词是 mountain tops and dark waters。65. paintings 因受 many 修饰，要用复数形式。66. by 指开车一个小时的路程。67. is 指目前的状态或客观存在的状态。68. conducted 由 conduct a study /survey (进行研究/ 调查)可知，a study 与 conduct 是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。69. regularly 修饰动
30、词 arranges 作状语，用副词。70. living 因 people 与 live 是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。2. 2015 课标卷 II The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61 _ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 _ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings
31、admirable is their 63 _(able) to “air condition” a house without 64 _ (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 _(slow) during cool nights, thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and ar
32、e now cold enough 66 _(cool) the house during the hot day. 67 _ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 68 _(go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As 69 _(nature) architec
33、ts, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.本文介绍了美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人的土坯房。61. built 因 The adobe dwellings 与 build 是被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语。62. the 由常修饰最高级的 even 与后面的 most modern 可知，这是最高级，其前面通常用 the。63. ability 因在形容词性物主代词后必定用名词。64. using
34、动词在介词后要用动名词形式。65. slowly 修饰动词 give out，用副词。66. to cool 在形容词后作状语，要用不定式。67. At 因 at the same time 是固定词组。68. goes 从上下句中的谓语动词 warm 来看，用一般现在时。69. natural 在名词前作定语要用形容词。70. how 引导宾语从句，表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要 “多”厚。1. 2014 课标卷样题 修改前有阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。(注：括号中的“不多于 3 个单词” 在 2015 年的考纲中已改为“1 个单词”，事
35、实上，2014 的高考真题，纯空格题的正确答案也都只有一个英语单词；2015 年的考纲样题已将对话改为了短文)Mum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.Alan: Why?Mum: Im not sure what 1 _ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 _ I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken
36、 them because theyre 3_ (go).Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen 4 _ (early).Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5 _ (make) them, so he couldnt have done it. 6 _ , he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so Im sure 7 _
37、 wasnt him.Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 _ fridge?Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 9 _ (put) them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 10 _. Now, why did I put on my coat?
38、 这是 Alan 与母亲的一段对话，谈话内容是母亲做的三明治在她去接电话时不见了，后来 Alan 发现在冰箱里。1. happened 在宾语从句中， what 是主语，happen 应为谓语动词，要考虑其时态；从下文 made, left, went, must have taken(一定已拿走)等可知，用一般过去时。 2. when 前后是句子，应填关联词；由句意与逻辑可知，应填表示“当时” 的 when。 3. gone 作表语用形容词，表示“ 不见了”，故填 gone。 4. earlier 意为比现在(对话当时 )更早的时候，故用比较级。 5. making 表示“ 做完” 是 fi
39、nish doing，故填 making。6. Anyway 因前后都有标点，可知填副词；根据文后逻辑，应为“ 无论如何，不管怎么说(anyway)” 。7. it 表示猜测中的人或不确定的人，用 it。 8. the 指说话人和听话人心目中都知道的“ 那个” 冰箱，故填 the。 9. must have put 从语境中可知，意思是“我一定是在电话铃响时把它们放进那里了 ”，对过去情况的推测，表示“ 一定已经” ，用 “must have done”。 10. mind /memory 从上文内容可知，意为“ 天啦！我真的失去记忆力了。 ”(特别提醒：此题与语法无关，属完形填空的考点，可能
40、是当时命题者考虑不成熟所致)3. 2014 课标卷 I Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 1 _ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 2 _ (actual) caught fire and burned. No
41、w, years later, this river is one of 3 _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasnt changed in a few days 4 _even a few months. It took years of work 5 _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the rive
42、r is 6 _(clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 7 _ _ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to cha
43、nge immediately? While there are 8 _ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 9 _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 10 _(patience).凯霍加河的河水 1969 年还沾得可以着火，但通过几年治理，河水变得清澈，成为治理环境的最突出的例子之一。作者以此为例说明，看似不可能处理的情况其实也是可能的，
44、只是一定要有耐心。1. was 指 1969 年的情况，用一般过去时；上下句的时态也有提示作用。2. actually 修饰谓语动词 caught，作状语，用副词。3. the 构成最高级。4. or 起并列作用，表示“或者” 。5. to reduce 是 it takes time to do sth.句型，不定式作真正的主语。6. cleaner 作表语，依然用形容词；由 than 可知，要用比较级。7. that /which 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是 a habit。8. amazing 在名词 stories 前作定语，要用形容词；由句意可知，需要填表示“惊人的”am
45、azing。9. changes 作主语或冠词后应当用名词，change 除作动词外也可作名词；由紧接着的 are 可知，要用复数形式。10. patient 在系动词 be 后作表语，要用形容词。4. 2014 课标卷 II One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1 _ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 2 _ some of them looked very anxious and 3 _ (disappoi
46、nt). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 4 _ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 5 _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 6 _ (stop
47、) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 7 _ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “8 _ anyone lose a suitcase at the
