1、定语从句请看下面的句子:I want to know the boy who is the tallest.句子做定语修饰 boy(一)概念:定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子, 叫定语从句。先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。(2)定语从句的分类、限定性定语从句:从句不可少,没有它,先行词的意思不明确,主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。e.g:This is the book that/which I want.、非限定性定语从句:是对先行词的补充说明,没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。e.g:Mr. Green,
2、who is watching TV,is my uncle.(三)(限定性)定语从句的结构Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词 关系词 定语从句关系代词 关系副词which, who, whom,whose, that where, when, why(四)定语从句的实质:二句合一(合并条件:人物先行在句一,又占句二一席地)Mary is a girl.合并为一个句子She has long hair.思路:留(保留先行词)-舍(舍去与先行词互指的词)-替(用关系词代替舍去部分)Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.请
3、把下列句子二句合一1. I saw the man.He closed the door2.The girl is happy. She won the race3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen(五) 定语从句关系词的确定: a.先行词的分类 b.先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语 人:who/that物:which/that2.先行词做宾语 人:who/whom/that物:which/that3.先行词做定语 人:whose物:whose/of which4.先行词做状语:先行词做状语: when, where,
4、why who, whom, whose, that 用法区别. who /that 作定语从句的主语或宾语.The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.做题思路:先分解分析再合并分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.作主语 Whom /that 作定语从句的宾语The woman( whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解 The woman is a teacher.They wanted t
5、o visit the woman.作宾语注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略. whose 作定语从句的定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语小结:关系词判断步骤 首先,要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用 who, that whom, whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用 which 或 that 然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主语 宾语 定语人 who, that who(m), that whos
6、e物 which,thatwhich, that whose, of which巩固练习:用适当代关系词填空1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.(六)只能用 that,不能用 which 的情况:(1)先行词为 all, everything,anything,nothing, s
7、omething, nothing ,few, little, much, the one等不定代词时;(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被 the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时:(3)先行词为数词或被序数词(含 last)修饰时。(4)先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。(5)在以 who, which 开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀:不定代词这一伙,全用 that 准没错先行词前有修饰,千万不能用 which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则:1. Here is something that I
8、will tell you.2.We havent got much that we can offer you.3. Is it the one that you want ?4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.6.Which is the bike that you lost?7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?(七
9、)只能使用(七)只能使用 which 的情况的情况 1.关系代词前有介词时;关系代词前有介词时; 2.先行词本身是先行词本身是 that 时;时; 3.非限定定语从句非限定定语从句 口诀口诀 :要有要有 which 别着急,别着急, 介词提前逗隔离。介词提前逗隔离。 e.g:1.This is the classroom in which we studied for two year. 2.She has two dolls, which are from her parents单项选择: 1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A.
10、 that B. who C. whom D. this 2. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. that B. whose C. which D. as 3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom 4.Is this factory a lot of students visited ?A. the one B. which C. who D. who 5. The only langua
11、ge _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it 6. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all 7. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who 注意: 当关系词作定语从句的主语时
12、,从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。若句中无先行词,先补出先行词再判断用法。 (4,7 题)完成下列句子:1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.who saved the boy s lifeThis is the doctor 2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.who is running The man is my uncle.3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.The young man is a teacher.who lives next
13、door注意:定语从句的时态不受主句影响。【定语从句中考真题演练】1、There are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip. (河北省卷)A. who B. that C. whom D. whose2、Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything. (吉林省通化市)A.whom B.when C.whose D.who3、I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday. (江苏省南京市)-Oh,how nice!Do
14、you know when he_?A.left B.was leaving C.has left D.had left4、We are trying to help those children _lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province. (浙江省衢州市)A. which B. when C. who D. whose5、Do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom? (湖南长沙)A.who B.which C.when6、The volunteers are doing a grea
15、t job in Yushu. (江苏省扬州市)-Yes.They are helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake.A.which B.what C./ D.who7、Have you found the answer to the question _I asked you this morning? (四川省成都市)A.when B.what C.that8、Friends are those_ make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you
16、 to succeed. (河南省)A which B what C whom D who9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year _ HongKong was returned to China. (湖北省十堰市)A.that B.which C.where D.when10、This is the school _ I studied three years ago. (山东省菏泽市)A. where B. when C. that D. which11、What do you usually do in your leisure time? (黑
17、龙江省哈尔滨市)I enjoy reading in the library _ I lose myself in a world of good books.A. which B. that C. where12、The village _I visited last year has changed a lot. (福建省福州市)-Really?I hope to go there on day.A.that B.who C.when13、This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library. (广西省桂林市)A. where B. which C. who D. when14、The old woman _ is wearing a pair of glasses _ Mrs. Black. (黑龙江省鸡西市)A. which, are B. who, are C. who, is15、Do you like music _ makes you relaxed? (广西省定西市)A. it B. what C. who D. that