定语从句讲解与练习.doc

1、定语从句讲解与练习一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where， when， why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语

2、从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）The coat （ that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（ that 作宾语）2.which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near t

3、he train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who，whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用 who 代替 whom，也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher （wh

4、om） Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that ， which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This

5、is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用 that 的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用 which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为 all

6、， any ， much， many， everything， anything ， none ， the one 等不定代词时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时

7、，只能用 that， 而不用 which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to To

8、m. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况：a.先行词为 that， those 时，用 which， 而不用 that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用 which， 而不用 that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、

9、关系副词的用法（1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。定语从句练习题（附参考答案及解析）1.The place _interested me

10、most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the C

11、hinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the fact

12、ory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talk

13、ed D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom1

14、3.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. wh

15、om C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He

16、 talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the

17、 only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. wha

18、t26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.

19、This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didnt come was _he

20、was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which

21、C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it37.This is the magazine _ I copied the para

22、graph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though41.

23、 - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which43. The nu

24、mber of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made

25、a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been

26、expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been参考答案及解析1. A. which 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. “和谁讲话”要说 speak to sb

27、. 本题全句应为 Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom 是关系代词，作介词 to 的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where 是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when 是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which 是关系代词，在从句中作 forget 的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第 5 题。7. A. 解析见第 3 题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是 films,因此，关系代词 that 是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态 have been shown。如果句中的 one 前

28、面使用了定冠词 the，则 the one 应该视为先行词。9. A. “谈到某事物” 应说 talk about sth.。about 是介词，其后要用 which 作宾语，不能用 that。10. A. with which 是“介词+关系代词“结构, 常用来引导定语从句.with 有“ 用“的意思,介词之后只能用 which,不能用 that. with which 在定语从句中作状语 ,即 he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在从句中

29、作状语.12. D. with whom 引导定语从句.with whom 放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose 引导定语从句,在从句中作主语 family 的定语 .14. A. that 引导定语从句 ,因为先行词是 all,所以只能选用 that 引导.15. D. the same.as 是固定用法, as 引导定语从句时 ,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as 作从句的主语.16. D. such as 是固定用法,as 引导定语从句时, 可以作主语 ,宾语或表语.在本题中,as 作表语.17. B. as

30、作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时 as 所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as 在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as 作宾语.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much 是主句,with whom I went to the concert 是定语从句.with whom 放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as 引导定语从句时通常构成 suchas 或 the sameas 固定搭配，其中 such 和 same 修饰其后的名词，

31、as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as 在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。 Such 修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中 such books, such 直接修饰复数名词.20. B. things 和 persons 是先行词. 当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时, 其关系代词要用 that.21. D. who 引导非限制性定语从句,who 作从句的主语.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行词 person 后有两个定语从句, 第一个从句省略了关系代词

32、 whom.因为, whom 作从句中 met 的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句 who could do it.who 在从句中作主语,不可省略.24. A. whose title 引导非限制性定语从句 ,whose title 也可以说成 the title of which25. A. for which 引导定语从句 ,使用介词 for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for “以. 而闻名“.26. C. 当先行词被 such 修饰时 ,引导定语从句的关系代词要用 as. As 在本从句中作主语.27. A. 两个先行词 the day 都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处

33、要填的关系词在从句中作状语 ,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词 spent 的宾语,因此要用关系代词 which 或 that 来引导定语从句.28. D. 在 way、 distance、direction 等词后的定语从句中，常用 that 来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when 或where，而 that 常可省略。29. D. for which 在定语从句中作原因状语, 可用 why 来替代.30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.31. A. The reason why was t

34、hat.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的 why 和 that 不能随意换位，也不能将 that 改成 because，尽管 that 这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用 which 引导,which 表示前句话的整个含义.33. A. 解释见 28 题.34. D. 主句中的 two 表明不能选 A.从句中的 are 表明不能选 B. both of which 用来引导非限制性定语从句.35. C. as 引导定语从句时通常构成 suchas 或 the sameas 固定搭配，其中 such 和 same 修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词

35、引导定语从句。as 在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中 as 作从句的主语.36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用 which 引导,which 表示前句话的整个含义.37. D.38. D. 解析见 35 题.39. A. he makes 是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词 that.40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.41. A. what happened 是宾语从句. all 之后 that he knew 是定语从句.先行词是 all,所以关系代词只能用 that.42. D. years 是表示时间的名词, 用 when 引导定语从句,是因为

36、 when 在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用 which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.43. C. 本句话的定语从句是 who own cars. 其先行词是 people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的 own。本句话主句的主语是 The number of 指 “.的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用 is。44. D. that followed 是定语从句，关系代词 that 在从句中作主语。45. A. 先行词 gas 被 only 修饰，关系代词要用 that，而不用 which。46. B. through which 引导定语从句，through which 即 t

37、hrough the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What 引导的是 see 的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school 是先行词。 that 引导了定语从句，因为 that 同时又作 visited 的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。48. A. 解释见 35 题。49. C. 因为是 two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语 writes 是单数概念。因此，C 是正确选项。50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是 all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的 has been。关系代词that 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。