1、名词的数、冠词一.名词:名词单复数(一)名词单复数1一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以 s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches注:以-th 结尾的名词加-s,如 month-months truth-truths3以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f或 fe为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives注:部分直接加-s,如 belief-beliefs 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y为 i, 再加-es,如:fa
2、mily-families, strawberry-strawberries ,story-stories city-cities5. 以元音字母+y 结尾的名词,加-s如:toy-toys boy-boys day-days 6.以字母-o 结尾的名词1)辅音字母+-o 结尾一般加-es,如:hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes。巧学妙记:英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)2)部分辅音字母加-o 的名词,加-s:piano-pianos photo-photos kilo-kilos3)以元音字母加-o 结尾的名
3、词加-sradio-radios zoo-zoos 7不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea二、冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit
4、/ an uncle (元音开头的可数名词前用 an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour/an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson)(2)定冠词:
5、the,如 the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠词 the的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.(4)在序数词前: Johns birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:China is a
6、big country. (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.*
7、但乐器前要用定冠词 the:I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus练习:1. _ earth is one of _ planets.A. The ; suns B. The ; the sun C. The ; the suns D. The ; the suns2.Tokyo is _.A. the capital of Japan B. capital of JapanC. J
8、apan capital D. a capital of Japan3. Kate sometimes plays _ violin and sometimes plays _ table tennis before supper.A. / ; the B. the ; / C. the ; the D. / ; /4. Have you seen _ pencil? I left it here this morning.-Is it _ red one ? I saw it.A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a5.There is_ orange tree behind_ house.A. an ; the B. a ; a C. the ; the D. an ; /6.How long did you stay there ?-About half _ hour.A. / B. one C. a D. an