1、1强调句型讲解和练习一、定义强调就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，要强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It 在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用 that 外，还可换用 who（强调宾语指人时也可用 whom） 。使用强调句型时，应注意以下事项：1、去掉强调结构 It is (was) that(who)后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。试比较：1. It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.2
2、. It is you and Tom that didnt come yesterday.显然，句 1 去掉 It is that 后，句子结构不完整，是主语从句；句 2 去掉 It is that 后，句子变为 you and Tom didnt come yesterday. 仍是一个表意完整的句子，这是一个强调句。再如：1. It is what you do rather than what you say _matters. A. that B. what C. which D. this答案 A。这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是 What you do rath
3、er than what you say matters. 表意完整。2. That was really a splendid evening. Its years _I enjoyed myself so much.A. when B. that C. before D. since答案 D。由强调句型的判断方法可知，该句不是强调句型。It 指时间，句意为：好几年我没有这么高兴了。since 的意思是“ 自从那个时候起”。2、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用 when, where, why 或 how，而仍用that。试比较：It was because of the acc
4、ident why he was late. (误), It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。又如：1. It was not until midnight_ they reached the camp site.A. that B. when C. while D. as答案 A。该题强干扰项是 B，考生容易因强调时间状语 until midnight 而误选。2. It was after he got what he had desired _he realized it was not so important.A.
5、that B. when C. since D. as答案 A。该句强调时间状语从句 after he got what he had desired，题干意思是“得到他所梦寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要”。不要误选 B。3、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式，在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选。如:How did he come here? 强调 how: How was it that he came here? Why did he came late? 强调 Why: Why was it that he came late?1. I just wonder _that ma
6、kes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is答案 D。正常语序的强调句型容易看出，但要注意它的变体。如果把该题变换一下语序：it is what that makes him so excited,不难看出这是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，强调了疑问代词what，因为 wonder 后宾语从句，故用了陈述语序。2. It was not until she got home _Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. when B. that C
7、. where D. before 2答案 B。如果去掉强调结构，该句是一个“not until”句型：Jennifer didnt realize she had lost her keys until she got home. 要强调时间状语 until she got home，这时要把主句中的否定词 not 放在was 之后。4、强调主语时，that 或 who 后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；be 的变化只有is 和 was 两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，就用 It is, 表达过去时的各种形式时，用 It was.一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如：1
8、. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class.3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.5、强调句中的时态。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用 It is.that.。
9、如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等) ，则用 It was.that.。如：Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday. (强调主语)It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语)It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in t
10、he street. (强调时间状语)It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (强调地点状语)有时，be 前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如：It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。6、在复习中有可能把 It is/ wasthat 句式都误认为是强调句型的几种情况：1） 、把具有实际意义的指示代词 it 后面
11、接 is/wasthat 误认为是强调句式。- Where did you get to know her? - It was on the farm _ we worked.A. that B. there C. which D. where答案 D。该句易误作强调句型，所以 A 是强干扰项。这里 where we worked 是定语从句，修饰the farm。It 指“与她相识” 这件事。该题很容易受思维定势的影响而拒绝选 D，因为平日教学老师一再强调，用强调句型时即使强调地点状语，也不能用 where 而用 that。该句如果要用 it was that 强调句型的话，可改写为“It
12、was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.”2） 、把 it 指时间、天气、距离、环境等后接 be 的情形误以为是强调句型。It was twenty miles from our city to the village _the accident happened.A. that B. when C. then D. where答案 D。本题貌似 It wasthat 强调句型，其实不然。句中 It 表示距离，where 引导地点状语从句。3） 、把 It is/ wasthat 结构的主语从句误认为是强调句型。1. The
13、 Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is答案 D。如果选 A 和 C，指示代词 This 和 That 在句中找不出指代的内容，选 B 意义不通。故选 D。虽然选 It is 后题干中出现了 It is that 结构，但这不是强调句型。很明显，题干中的 that从句应是主语从句，所缺的是形式主语。7、强调句型 It is/ was that/ who 主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语。
14、如果要强调谓语动词,应该用代动词 do 及其变形 does 或 did，这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前，以加强语3气。它一般只能强调现在时与过去时。如：I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。He does look well. 他的确看起来气色很好。You did give me a fright. 你真把我给吓了一跳。二、使用此句型时应注意以下几点1.原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时, 用 It was.that. 。属于表现在的时态时 , 用 It is. that. 。如:It is the computer that is
15、 doing many jobs. 是计算机做了许多工作。When was it that the Long March started? 长征是在何时开始的?2. 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数, It 后的动词均用单数形式, 即 is 或 was。如:It is they who have finished cleaning the classroom. 打扫完教室的人是他们。3. 被强调部分指人时 , It is（was）. 后用 who, whom 或 that 均可; 指事物或情况时, 通常用 that（一般不用 when, where, which 等） 。如:It was yest
16、erday that he saw me in the park. （不可用 when）It is her whom you should ask. （还可用 whothat）It was in the street that they quarreled. （不可用 where）4. 被强调部分如果是原句的主语, whothat 后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一致。如:It was they that were talking and laughing. 是他们又说又笑的啊。5. 强调双宾语时，无论是强调直接宾语还是间接宾语，根据适当情况加上介词 to 或 for 等。如:It wa
17、s a new dictionary that Tom gave to me last night. （ Tom gave me a new dictionary last night. ）汤姆昨晚给我的是一本新词典。It was a red shirt that John bought for me as a birthday present. （John bought me a red shirt as a birthday present. ）作为生日礼物约翰送我的是一件红衬衫。6. 对 not. until. 句型强调时 , 要把 not 连同 until 短语或从句一起提前。 如:I
18、t was not until I spoke to him that he noticed me. （He didnt notice me until I spoke to him. ）直到我跟他说话他才注意到我。7. 强调特殊疑问句的疑问词时, 要将疑问词置于句首, 句子结构仍是疑问句形式。如:Where was it that you put the book? （Where did you put the book? ）你把书放在哪里了?Who was it that called me this morning? （Who called me this morning? ）今天早上是
19、谁打电话给我的?8. 此结构还可以强调目的状语、方式状语和以 because 引导的原因状语从句。但不能强调由 since 或 as 引导的原因状语从句, 也不能强调由 although 和 whereas 引导的句子。如:It was because he was ill that we decided to return home. 那是因为他生病了, 所以我们才决定回家的。Was it in Beijing you first met him? （ Was it in Beijing that you first met him? ）你第一次见到他时是在北京吗?What is it yo
20、u want me to do? （What is it that you want me to do? ）你究竟要我做什么?三、使用强调句型时要分清以下两种情况1. 要分清是主语从句还是强调结构。判断这种句型是主语从句还是强调结构，方法是将 It 4is（was）. that 去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话为强调结构，反之则是主语从句。试比较:It was yesterday that he met her in the street. （Yesterday he met her in the street. ）是昨天他在街上碰见了她。 （强调结构）It was said t
21、hat he met her in the street yesterday. （That he met her in the street yesterday was said. ）据说他昨天在街上碰见了她。 （主语从句）It is clearly that she speaks. （ She speaks clearly. ）她说话吐字清楚。 （强调结构）It is clear that she has heard of it. （ That she has heard of it is clear. ）显然她已听说了这件事。（主语从句）2. 要分清是强调结构中的 that-（who-）分
22、句还是用作关系代词的定语从句中的 that-（who-）分句。判断的方法还是将 It is（was）. that 去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话是强调结构中的 that-（who- ）分句, 反之则是用作关系代词的定语从句中的 that-（who-）分句。如:It is money that is most needed. （ Money is most needed. ） （强调结构中的 that）It is the money that he returned me. （定语从句中的 that）四、强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归
23、纳它的几种结构：1用助动词“do（does did）动词原形”来表示强调：He does know the place well他的确很熟悉这个地方。Do write to me when you get there你到那儿后务必给我来信。2用形容词 very，only，single ，such 等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：Thats the very textbook we used last term这正是我们上学期用过的教材。You are the only person here who can speak Chinese你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。Not a single perso
24、n has been in the shop this morning今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？3用 ever，never，very，just 等副词和 badly，highly ， really 等带有ly 的副词来进行强调：Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？He never said a word the whole day一整天，他一句话也没说。Youve got to be very，very careful你一定得非常、非常小心。This
25、is just what I wanted这正是我所要的。He was badly wounded他伤得很严重。I really dont know what to do next我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。4用 in the world，on earth，at all 等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？What on earth is it？它究竟是什么？Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？5用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：How interesting a story i
26、t is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！Oh，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！6用重复来表示强调：Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。They walked for miles and miles他们走了好多英里。7用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：On the table were some flowers桌上摆着一些花。 （强调地点）5Many a time have I climbed that hill我多次翻过那座山。Only in this way，can we solve this problem只有这样，我
27、们才能解决这个问题。8用强调句型：“It is（was）被强调的部分that（who）原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：It was on Monday night that all this happened所有这一切发生在周一晚上。Its me that he blamed他怪的是我。9用 If 来表示强调：1）If 从句I dont know whowhat，etcdoesishas ，etc ；主语部分也可以用 nobody doesishas，etc或 everybody doesishas，et c来代替（这里的 if 从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：If he cant do i
28、t，I dont know who can要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。 （强调只有他能做）If Jim is a coward，everybody is要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。 （强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）2）if 从句it be 主句（此用法可看成是第 8 中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在 it be的后面，把其它内容放在由 if 引导的从句中）：If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom 如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。If there is one thing he loves， it is money如果说世界上还有他爱的东
29、西，那便是金钱。10用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：Its because of hard workten years of hard work那是因为艰苦的工作十年艰苦的工作！He began the work in late May他在五月底开始的这项工作。 （强调时间）随堂练习：1. It is the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it2. David said that it was because of his
30、 strong interest in literature _ he chose the course. A. that B. what C. why D. how3. It is these poisonous products _ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. A .who B. that C .how D .what4. Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say?A. What is it that B. Wh
31、at it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that5. It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.A because B which C since D that6. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D. had to 7. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer
32、realized she had lost her keys. A. when B. that C. where D. before 8. It was_ black home after the experiment.A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt go6C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go9. _that he managed to get the information? Oh, a frie
33、nd of his helped him.A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it10.1) It was 20 years ago _ the two friends met in Viet Nam. 2) It will be 20 years _ they meet in Viet Nam.3) It is 20 years _ he came to live here.4) It was 20 years _ he spent in writing this novel.5) It was not long _
34、 the people in Austria took up guns.6) It was midnight _ he came back home.A. when B. before C. since D. that用强调句型 it is/ was that/ who 强调划线部分1. She didnt know her mother was ill in bed until she came home from work.2. Did his father die during the Second World War?3. Who broke the window?4. How did
35、 you succeed?5. He is a teacher now.6. I bought you the dictionary.7. I am to blame.8. You are wrong.9. I am looking for him.10. He told me the news at the gate.答案1. B。首先判断这是强调句型，强调的是主语 the ability to do the job，所以选用 that。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等) ，则用 It was.that.。如：2. A。这个句子稍微复杂点。
36、Said that 后面的是宾语从句。然后在这个从句里，有一个 it isthat 的强调句。整个宾语从句意思说：正是因为他对文学有浓厚的兴趣，他才选择了这个课7程。3. B。本题强调主语 these poisonous products.4. A。本句中强调句型对特殊疑问词 what 进行强调，去掉强调句型后句子为 What do you want me to say?我们可以看到被强调的 what 是 say 的宾语。5. D。对状语 with this joy 进行强调。6. B。本题考查助动词 do 对动词的强调。从 the other day (那天)判断整个句子应用过去时态，A、C
37、 两项时态错误，D 项不合题意，故选 B，did 可译为“的确，真地” 。7. B。句意：直到他到家的时候，Jennifer 才意识到钥匙丢了。until 结构时用于强调句式时，要将否定词 not 移到 until 前。8. C。本题是对强调句型与 notuntil 从句的结合考查，把 not 移至被强调的部分之后，要注意把句子中的动词用过去式。9. C。根据下文的答语 a friend of his helped him 可知上文是强调方式状语。10. 1) D 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) B 6) A 先分析结构，再分析意思。谨慎试词，防止混淆。1.句强调时间状语，故用 that；
38、2.是 Itbefore句型，时间状语从句，只用 before；3. It is a period of time since-clause 是固定结构，只用 since；4.是强调句型，因 spend 一词为及物动词，故需要宾语 that。此例也可能是定语从句，若为定语从句则 which 亦可。但强调句和定语从句的意义是不同的。5 是 Itbefore句型，时间状语从句，只用 before. 6 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。1. It was not until she came home from work that she knew her mother was ill in be
39、d.2. Was it during the Second World War that his father died?3. Who was it that broke the window?4. How was it that you succeeded?5. It is a teacher that he is now.6. It was for you that I bought the dictionary.7. It is I who/ that am to blame.8. It is you who/that are wrong.9. It is him whom/that I
40、 am looking for10. It was at the gate that he told me the new8强调句型练习题1. It _ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.A. was B. are C. were D. had been2. It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.A. which B. when C. that D. since3. She said she would go and she _ go.A. didn
41、t B. did C. really D. would4. It was the training _ he had as a young man _ made him such a good engineer.A. what; that B. that; what C. that; which D. which; that5. Were all three people in the car injured in the accident? No, _ only the two passengers who got hurt.A. there were B. it were C. there
42、 was D. it was6. It was not until 1936_baseball became a regular part of Olympic Games.A. then B. which C. that D. when7. _in 1943_the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.A. Only thatB. It was thenC. That it was whenD. It was that8. It was on the National Day_ she met with her separated
43、sister.A. that B. where C. when D. which9. _the 1500s_the first European explored the coast of California.A. It was untilthenB. It was not until whenC. It is untilthatD. It was not untilthat10. _in this room that our first meeting was held.A. Just when B. When C. Where D. It was11. It was last night
44、 _ I see the comet.A. the time B. when C. that D. which12. It was only with the help of the local guide _.A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescuedC. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then the mountain climber was rescued913. The Foreign Minister said, “_ ou
45、r hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is14Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself15It was _ he said _ disappointed me.A. what, that B. that, that C. what, what D. that, what16It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.Abecause Bwhich Csince Dthat17. It is _ any wonder that his friend doesnt like watching television much.A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly18It was back home after the experiment.Anot un
