1、 1 / 8现在完成时态讲解及练习一、现在完成时的构成肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+ 其它Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它He has not finished his homework.过去分词的构成方法如下 :1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 ed.work-worked answer-ans
2、wered obey-obeyed want-wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 d. Move-moved hope-hoped divide-divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将 y 改 i 加 ed.study-studied tidy-tidied satisfy-satisfied4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 ed. stop-stopped regret- regretted drop-dropped不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致）1. 花费 cost c
3、ost cost2. 割 cut cut cut3. 伤害 hurt hurt hurt4. 让 let let let5. 放 put put put6. 朗读 read read read7. 设置 set set set8. 打击，碰撞 hit hit hit9. 关上门窗 shut shut shut10. 让 let let let二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）1) 过去式、过去分词含有-ought1. 带来 bring brought brought2. 买 buy bought bought3. 打架 fight fought fought4. 想 think thought
4、 thought5. 寻找、探究seek sought sought2) 过去式、过去分词含有-aught5. 抓住 catch caught caught6. 教 teach taught taught3) 过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形 -d7. 建筑 build built built8. 借出 lend lent lent9. 花费 spend spent spent10. 派遣 send sent sent4) 过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加 t 或 d11. 学会 learn learnt/ed learnt/ed12. 意思 mean meant meant13. 燃烧 burn
5、burnt/ed burnted13. 做梦 dream dreamt/ed dreamt/ed13. 处理 deal dealt dealt14. 听 hear heard heard5） 过去式、过去分词改为-ept15. 保持 keep kept kept16. 睡觉 sleep slept slept17. 扫 sweep swept swept6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt18. 感觉 feel felt fel19. 嗅 smell smelt/ed smelt/ed20. 拼写 spell spelt/ed spelt/ed7) 过去式、过去分词改为-aid20. 孵蛋 la
6、y laid laid21. 说 say said said2 / 822. 支付 pay paid paid8) 过去式、过去分词改为-old23. 卖 sell sold sold24. 告诉 tell told told9) 过去式、过去分词改为-ood25 站 stand stood stood26. 明白understand understood understood10) 其它变化27.得到 get got got(gotten)28.坐 sit sat sat29.照顾 babysit babysat babysat30.离开 leave left left31.失去 lose
7、lost lost32.找到 find found found33.有 have(has) had had34.握住，召开hold held held35.制造 make made made36.悬挂 hang hung hung37.照耀 shine shone shone39.赢 win won won40 逃跑 flee fled fled41 喂 feed fed fed42.引导，导致lead led led43 遇见 meet met met三、ABA （过去式与原形一致）1. 变成 became become become2. 来 come came come3. 跑 run r
8、an run4、ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）1). 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n 或-en1. 击败 beat beat beaten2. 破坏 break broke broken3. 驾驶 drive drove driven4. 吃 eat ate eaten5. 落下 fall fell fallen6. 给 give gave given7. 生长 grow grew grown8. 知道 know knew known9. 吹 blow blew blown10. 扔 throw threw thrown11. 展示 show showed shown12. 弄错
9、mistake mistook mistaken13. 拿 take took taken14. 摇动 shake shook shaken15. 说 speak spoke spoken16. 选择 choose chose chosen2)三种形式都有变化1 是 be(is, am; are)was; werebeen2 开始 begin began begun3 做 do did Done4 喝 drink drank drunk5 飞 fly flew flown6 忘记 forget forgot forgot/forgotten7 躺 lie lay lain8 骑 ride ro
10、de ridden9 打电话 ring rang rung10 唱 sing sang sung11 穿 wear wore worn12 游泳 swim swan swum13 写 write wrote written14 去 go went gone二、现在完成时标志词：recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段； in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; eve
11、r; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; justalready (已经): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚) 3 / 8They have just left. ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(从不) I have never seen him .before(以前) Have you seen the film before
12、?since(自从以来) Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的)recently(最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止)this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)三、现在
13、完成时的用法 1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。常与 already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用. Already， yet 的用法already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾. Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)3)现在完成时表示从过去一
14、直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for, since 引导的时间短语或从句连用.since , for 的用法:since: (自以来)1)since+时间点He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 时间段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 从句for: (长达）for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.She has learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since he was
15、 born .Have you stayed here since 3 oclock?四、have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been in4 / 8have /has been to 曾经去过某地，人已经回来了have /has gone to 去了某地，人还没回来have /has been in 去了某地并一直待在那1. 我去过上海。 I have been to Shanghai twice.2.-Where is Jim？ -He has gone to England（尚未回来）3. I have been in Shangha
16、i for three years我到上海已有三年了。1、现在完成时的 “完成用法“ 现在完成时的 “完成用法“ 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如： He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 - 灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时 “完成用法“ 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 ( 如： already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ) 、频度时间状语 ( 如： never ， ever ， once 等 ) 、包括
17、现在时刻在内的时间状语 ( 如： this morning / month / year. ， today 等 ) 连用。例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 2、现在完成时的 “ 未完成用法 “ 现在完成时的 “ 未完成用法 “ 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here. 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。 ( 动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 2. I have been in th
18、e army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。( 动作开始于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 ( 由 since 或 for 引导 ) ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语 ( 如： up to now ， so far 到目前为止 ) 等。例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 3. 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态动作 状态 动作 状态die be dead begin be onb
19、orrow/buy kept/had end/finish be overleave be away join be inarrive be here marry be married例如：1.他的爷爷已经去世 2 年了。 His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. 2.Nick 参军 3 年了. Nick has been in the army for 3 years3.他离开深圳好长时间了。He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.4.这本书我已借了 4 个月了 I have had/kept the
20、book for 4 months. 五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“ 助动词 have /has + 过去分词 “ 。如： The film started at 7 oclock. He has been a teacher for many years. 5 / 8(2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ； 而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 th
21、ese days, this week, since., for./since.ago/ up to now/so far 等表示一段时间的状语连用。(3 ) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对 “ 现在 “ 产生的影响。如：He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年参观过桂林。 ( 只说明去桂林的时间 ) (4)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。 (
22、 着重点是现在有了一台新电脑 ) 看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？(A) Have you seen the film? (B)Did you see the film? 说明 你看过这部电影吗？ (A) 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解； (B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。(A)He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years. 说明 他在北京住了 8 年。 (A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。 (B) 句讲的是他在北京住过
23、8 年，现在不在北京了。练 习一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。1. be_-_2. come_-_3. go_-_4. do_-_5. have_-_6. drink_-_7. give_-_8. eat_-_9. know_-_10. run_-_11. say_-_12. see_-_13. find_-_14. draw_-_15. get_-_16. hear_-_17. begin_-_18. buy_-_19. leave_-_20 become _-_21 break _-_22 bring _-_23 build _-_24 bite _-_25 catch _-_26 ch
24、oose _-_27 cut _-_28 fall _-_29 fly _-_30 forget _-_31 grow _-_32 hit _-_33 hurt _-_34 keep _-_35 lend _-_36 lose _-_37 meet _-_38 put _-_39 read _-_40 ring _-_6 / 8二、用 for 或 since 填空1. Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years. 2. Ive taken driving lessons _ last month. 3. My sister has had her cell phon
25、e _ a month . 4. My friends havent visited me _ my birthday. 5. We havent used our car _ a long time . 6. She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ years. 7. Tom has worn glasses _ he was 7 years old. 8. Jill has been in Ireland _ Monday.9. Mr. Jason has been in Paris _ three days.10. My aunt has lived i
26、n Australia_15days.11. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _7 oclock.12. India has been an independent country _ 1974.13. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty_ many years.14. Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital _October.三、改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。1. The English
27、 professor arrived here about a week agoThe English professor _ _ here for about a week .2. Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago .Her husband _ _ on the farm for three hours .3. The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here .The French musician _ _ _ China fo
28、r a month .4. He joined the army in 1985 .He _ _ _ the army _ 1985 .5. He joined the League half a year ago .He has been a League _ _ half a year . 6. The bus left five minutes ago .The bus _ already _ _ for five minutes .7. The girl bought a new school bag in September .The girl _ _ the school bag
29、since September .8. The shop closed last winter .The shop _ _ _ since last winter .9. The film began ten minutes ago .The film _ _ _ for ten minutes .10. The dog died two days ago .The dog _ _ _ for two days .11. The meeting ended last _month .The meeting _ _ _ for a month . 四、用 have/has been to, ha
30、ve/has gone to 填空：1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3. Here you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London.4. David _ Australia. Im sure hes already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago
31、.7 / 8五、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (wait) for him for two hours . I am very angry.2. He _ (be) a doctor since he was twenty.3. The film _ (be) on for fifteen minutes. 4. _ you ever _ (read) that book before?5. _ you ever _ (try) to change her?6. No one _ (arrive) here yet.7. _ the bus _ (leave) yet?8. I _ (
32、not talk) to him yet.9. I _ already _ (make) the bed.10. They _ just _ (go). They will be back soon.11. When _ you _ (meet) him ? Last night or this morning?12. She _ (not come) here recently .13. She _ (never see) the man before .14. I _ (meet) him before, but I forget his name.15. It is eleven ocl
33、ock. He _ (not come) back yet.16. He _ (write) five stories so far .17. She _ (be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much.18. _she _(call) on you lately ?选择题1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know2、He has _ been
34、to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B. never C. ever D. still3、Have you met Mr Li _？A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ .A. has c
35、hanged ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a
36、very nice film .I_ it twice .A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see9、These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; fin
37、ished8 / 8C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 .A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made13、How long have you _ here ?About tw
38、o months .A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army .A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has b
39、een17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years .A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the unive
