1、 1 过去分词讲与练 1. 分词的定义 :动词的 -ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用： 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 一 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： (1）感到 。 的，指人时常用过去分词作表语 , interested, excited, interested 感兴趣的 , tired 疲劳的 , pleased 高兴的 , surprised 吃惊的 (2）表示 完成的或被动的动作常用过去分词作表语 , closed 关闭的 ,
2、lost 丢失的 , known 著名的married 已婚的 , gone 遗失的 , worried 担忧的 (3) seated/dressed /broken /based 固定用过去分词作表语 ; (4） get+过去分词作表语（ get paid/changed/drunk/burnt/lost/hurt/injurieed/criticized drowned） 例如： Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. He is quite pleased with the design of the dres
3、s. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 He _ _ after reading the letter看完信后 , 他看起来担忧。 He _ _ _ at the idea听到这个想法 , 他似乎相当高兴。 I _ _ _ at the news 听了这消息我非常高兴。 二 过去分词做定语 过去分词 作定语 位置 前置定语：单个动词过去分词 后置定语：过去分词短语 意义 及物动词过去分词：表示被动、完成 不及物动词过去分词：表示完成 与定语从句转换 I found a lot of moved students, who were deeply moved by the moving film. Chi
4、na is still a developing country while Japan is already a developed country. The astonished expression on his face suggested that he knew nothing about the matter. The seated students suddenly found all the seats were broken ones. We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当
5、于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？ The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 将划线部分 转换成
6、定 语从句 We drank some boiled water and went on with our work. (=which ha d boiled ) He didnt turn up at the meeting held yesterday. 2 (=th e meg whih was held yesa .) I found it hard to understand the English spoken by native villagers. (=th e Enlh whch was spoen b y natve villers .) _ 被污染的空气 _ 落叶 三 过
7、去分词做状语 过去分词做状语 结构 1. 过去分词短语 +逗号 +主句 2. 主句 +逗号 +过去分词短语 意义 说明动作或状态发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，表示被动或完成。 逻辑主语 ：主句的逻辑主语 与状语从句或 “连 词 +过去分词 ”结构转换 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。可转换成相应的状语从句。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。表示被动或完成。 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念 . 如： Seen from the to
8、p of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to ta
9、ke up the struggle. 表条件，相当于一个 条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词。如： Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。 表让步，相当于一个 though/although 引导的让步状语从句。 如： Exhausted by
10、the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 表方式或伴随情况。 如： The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 将过去分词短语转换成从句。 Seen f
11、rom the space, the earth looks blue. =When I t is see n from space, the earth looks blue. Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. =If the y are ke pt in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. 3 Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. =A s th ey we re deeply
12、 moved , the children began to cry. She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. =She walked out of the house, a nd w as followed by her little daughter. Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. =Althoug h e was be aten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. 四
13、 过去分词作补足语 过去分词做宾补 意义 1. 说明宾语的动作或状态，表示被动意义或已完成意义。 2. 过去分词与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾（被动关系） 结构 1. 介词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 2. 主语 +谓语 +宾语 +动词过去分词 动词 1.表 “希望 ”“意愿 ” “爱憎 ”“要求 ”的动词： want, wish, expect, like, hate, order 2.表感觉或思维活动的动词 (短语 ) feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, observe, notice, find, think, consider 3. 表示 “致使
14、”意义的动词 have, make, get, keep, leave 过去分词可以在 see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep 等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。 如： When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？ When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.当这类句子
15、变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如： One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。 They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。 完成下列句子 With many flowers (plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. They left without a dish (touch). _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 他昨天拔了牙。 _ _ _ _
16、_once a month. 我每个月理一次发。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _你应 该说大声点让别人听到。 _ . _ _ _ _ 人们发现水被污染了。 I _ _ _ _ on Sunday.我想在星期天完成工作。 He wont _ such _ _ at the meeting.他不喜欢这样的问题在会上讨论。 五 特别注意 1. “have+宾语 +done”结构有三个含义 (请人 )把某事做完。 She had her house repaired 她请人把屋 子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发 ? 4 遭遇某种意外情况。
17、He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事 (自己也可能参与 )。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了 1000 元。 2. 过去分词和 ing 分词作表语的区别 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而 -ing 分词作表语
18、多表示主语所具有的特征， 如： Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。 At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears. 英语中这样的分词还有很多，如： amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged;
19、 disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished 等。 3. 用分词短语作状语时，还应注意在句子主语和分词短语之间不能使用并列连词。 如： 误 Not knowing what to do， so she asked her friends for advice
20、正 Not knowing what to do， she asked her friends for advice 4. 如果分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不是同一个人或物时，就要用从句或独立主格结构代替分词短语作状语。 如： As it was Sunday， the streets were especially crowded 或： It being Sunday， the streets were especially crowded 5. 某些现在分词可用来表示说话人对所说的话所持的看法或态度，它们已变成固定词组，在句中作独 立成分，与句子主语无关。 这类现在分词常见的有： gener
21、ally speaking（一般地说）， strictly speaking（严格地说）， judging from by（从来判断）， talking of（说到）， considering（考虑到）， supposing（假定）等。如： Generally speaking， it is not easy for a for eigner to learn Chinese well in a short time Considering everything， it wasnt abad holiday 6. 分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语相一致。分词与主语之间如果是主动关系，就用
22、现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词。 例如： 主动时态 被动时态 一般时态 doing done（被动的动作） 进行时态 doing being done（正在进行的被动动作） 完成时态 having done done/having been done（已经完成的被动动作） Hearing the good news， we couldnt help jumping with joy（ When we heard the good news，we couldnt help jumping with joy） Seen from the hills， the West Lake is ve
23、ry beautiful（ The West Lake is very beautiful when it is seen from the hills） 试题选练 一 选择 1. Im going to have my car . 5 A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix 2. Whats the language in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 3. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Follo
24、wed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by 4. He had his leg in the match yesterday. A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking 5. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 6. more attention, the trees could have
25、 grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 8. The computer center, last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D.
26、 opened 9. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 10. The Olympic Games, in 776BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played 11. Dont get in the rain. A. to be caug
27、ht B. catching C. to catch D. caught 12. I found a car in a pool by the side of the road. A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick 13. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom ? -Last week. A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted 14. The children were found in the cave. A. trapping
28、 B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped 15. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down. A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain 16. On a morning the little girl was found at the corner of the street. A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen,
29、 frozen D. frozen, freezing 17. No one enjoys fun of in public. A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make 18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word . A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak 19. from space, the earth, with water seventy percent of its surfac
30、e, looks like a blue ball. A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered 20. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly 二 选择适当的分词 1 Hes such a _ guy. He only ever talks about himself. (bored / boring) 6 2 Im very _ in
31、films and theatre. (interested / interesting) 3 It was a very _ situation. (interested / interesting) 4 Theres been some very _ news. (surprised / surprising) 5 It was a very _ situation. (interested / interesting) 6 Theres been some very _ news. (surprised / surprising) 7 Dad always arrives home fr
32、om work _ . (exhausted / exhausting) 8 Hes always showing off. Its really _ . (annoyed / annoying) 9 I think Alex is one of the most _ people Ive ever met. He cant keep still for a second. (annoyed / annoying) 10 I walked into this restaurant and there was Andy with a strange woman. He seemed really
33、 _ . (embarrassed / embarrassing) 三 请根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. _ ( 受 到邻居们的表扬 ) , he became the pride of his parents. 2. _ ( 如果给予更多的时间 ) , Ill be able to do it better. 3. _ ( 心中充满了希望与恐惧 ) , he entered the cave. 4. _ （从山顶往下看） , the city looked like a big garden. 5. _ （被他的话所感动） , I accepted his present. 6. _ （腿
34、部受了伤） , he couldnt walk any further. 7. _ （及时吃药） , the medicine will be quite defective. 8. _ （除非被邀请讲话） , you should remain silent at the conference. 9. The old man went into the room, _ （由儿子扶着） . 10. _ （受到很多人的嘲笑） , they continued study. 四 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空 1. She caught the student _ (cheat) in exams.
35、2. When I got there, I found him _ (repair) farm tools. 3. When I got there, I found the farm tools _. (repair) 4. Just then he heard someone _ (call) for help. 5. He worked so hard that he got his pay _. (raise) 6. The missing boys were last seen _(play) near the river. 7. _(compare) with the old o
36、ne, the new building looks more beautiful. 8. The workers had the machines _(run) all night long to finish the work on time. 9. People in the south have their houses _(make) of bamboo. 10. _(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 五 句型转换： 1. He was hit by the lack of fresh air.
37、 He got a bad headache. _ 2.I felt very tired after the long journey. I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station. _ 7 3.The museum was built in 1910.The museum is almost 100 years old. _ 4.The student was given some advice by the famous scientist. The student was not worried about his s
38、cientific experiment any more. _ 5. H e was invited, but he did not attend the dinner party. _ 6 . The professor entered the lecture hall. He was followed by two students. _ 7 .The little boy was frightened by the dog and he began to cry. _ 8 . As it is consumed around the world more than any other
39、drink except water, tea is regarded as the global drink. _ 9 . Though the tea ceremony is still practiced today, it may not be as popular as it used to be. _ 10. Tea is regard ed as the global drink, tea sells quite well all over the world _ keys: 1-5 C B B B A 6-10 A D D C A 11-15 D B B B A 16-20 B B B B A 21-25:BACCD 26-30:CAABD
