1、 宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素： 连接词 、 语序 和 时态 。 1.宾语从句的定义 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语 的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语 。 作动词的宾语 : I heard that he would come here later on. 作介词的宾语 : He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 2.宾语从句中引导词（ 连接词 ） 的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词 有： 连词： that (that 常可省略 ),whether, if 代词： who, whose, what ,whic
2、h ，whatever,whichever 等。 副词： when ,where, how, why 。 连词： He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学 . I don t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车 . Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试 . that 引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合 that可以省略） The boy believes that
3、he will travel through space to other planets. 在以下情况中 that 不能省略 1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可省，但后面的 that 不可省。 I believe（ that） you have done your best and that things will get better 2、 当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时， that 一般不可省。 Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was we
4、aring his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3、 当 that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that 不可省。 I can t tell him that his mother died. 4、当 it 作形式宾语时 例句： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him 许多带复合宾语的句子， that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用 it 作形式宾语。 （ 6123 结构 ） 6 make,believe,consider,find,feel,think. 2 名词或者形
5、容词 1 it 3 to do , doing , that 从句 5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win， I believe 由 whether,if 引导的宾语从句 在下列情况下只能用 whether，不能用 if： 在具有选择意义，又有 or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用whether 如： Let me know whether or not he will come 让我知道他是否能来。 I dont know whether he does any washing or not 我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 在介词之后用
6、whether。 如： Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time 我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 在不定式前用 whether。如： He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train 他还 未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whethe
7、r 置于句首时，不能换用 if。如： Whether this is true or not， I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。 引导 置于句首的 主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。 若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether。如： Please let me know if you like the book可理解为： b If you like the book， please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我 连接代词和连接副词
8、引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的， 宾语从句要用陈述句语序 。 连接代词： who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 连接副词有： when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。 He didn t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我 们能再见面 . Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 ? None of us knows where these
9、new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到 . 练习题 (1) I don t know _or not. A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home (2) This depends on _ the weather is fine. A. which B. whether C. if D. that (3) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in
10、. A. which B. where C. if D. that (4) I don t know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. He ll help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where (5) - Be careful! Don t break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David? - Yes, Mum A. what B. that C. why D. if (6) - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?
11、 - He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I m not sure of _. A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where (7) There is not much difference between the two. I really don t know _. A. what should I choose B. which I should choose C. which should I choose D. what I should choo
12、se 三 .宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词 +主语 +谓语 +其他成分。 I don t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? 练习题 (1) Did you find out _? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking
13、for (2) Are you interested in _? A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it (3) I don t know _. Can you tell me? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are (4) - What did the scientist say? -
14、 He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day. A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly (5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _? A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where （ 6） She asked Tom _ with his car? A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter 四 .宾语从句的时态 时态： 1、 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。 例句： The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 2、 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
