1、131I治疗Graves病,131I-Treatment of Graves disease(GD),昆明医科大学第一附属医院核医学科 陈礼林,上节回顾,上节回顾,2. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis,上节回顾,1. Graves,2. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis,3.Therapy:ATD、RIT、Sugery,Background,美国前总统什布及妻子都曾患 “格雷夫斯氏甲亢” 。经过许多世界级权威医学专家会诊和讨论,最后确定用同位素131I为布什夫妇进行治疗,三个月后,布什夫妇很快康复了。布什付出
2、的惟一代价是,服了药一周内没有抱他的小孙孙。,本节课重点讲述,本节课重点讲述,Basic Principle,131I,2). 131I Effective half-life 3.54.5d Stay for a long time.,Basic Principle,131I 主要蓄积在甲状腺内,其余多由尿排出,其他脏器的吸收剂量很小,成人131I 370 MBq(10mCi)后脏器吸收剂量(rads, RAIU25%) 脏器 MIRD ICRP Oak Ridge 损伤剂量和效应 (1975) (1987) (1996) (rads) 甲状腺 13 000.00 13320.00 1300
3、0.00 红骨髓 2.60 2.60 3.10 1次600,可再生 卵巢 1.40 1.60 1.80 500-1000,不育 睾丸 0.88 0.99 1.00 500-1000,不育 肝脏 4.80 1.30 3.90 3000,放射性肝炎 胃壁 14.00 17.0 13.0 1500/10天,无损伤 肾脏 - 2.10 1.30 2000,放射性肾炎 全身 7.10 - - 100,WBC减少 MIRD . J Nucl Med,1975,16:857-860 ICRP Publications 53.1987,18(1-4) Stabin MG.ORISE Publication,A
4、pril 30,1996,131I的生物学作用特点,Indication,Indication,(3)Graves甲亢伴白细胞或血小板减少的患者。,(4)Graves甲亢伴房颤的患者。,(5)Graves甲亢合并桥本氏病,摄碘率增高。,1991年,Wartofsky等人以问卷的形式进行调查:内科医生首选Graves甲亢治疗方案,(1)Female patients in pregnancy or lactation(2)Patients with acute myocardial infarction(3)Patients with severe renal dysfunction,Contr
5、aindication,Treatment Methods,1.病人准备(Patient Preparation),2.剂量计算(Dose Calculation),3.注意事项( Matters need Attention),4.综合治疗 (Comprehensive Treatment),5.定期随访复查(Follow-up),治疗方法,1.病人准备(Patient Preparation),Treatment Methods,1).停服影响甲状腺摄取131I的药物和忌食含碘食物,常规体检。心率过快和精神紧张者,可给予受体阻滞剂或镇静剂。,2).甲状腺激素(Thyroid Hormone
6、s)和TSH,甲状腺131I摄取率(RAIU)测定。,3).甲状腺重量估算(Size and Weight of Thyriod),Physical examination (palpation)UltrasoundTechnetium-99m scanIodine-124 PET,1.病人准备(Patient Preparation),Treatment Methods,4).病情较重的患者,先用抗甲状腺药物治疗(ATD),病情减轻后再进行131I治疗(RIT)。,5).治疗前健康教育:向患者充分介绍目前治疗甲亢的方法及其优缺点(替代医疗方案);详细介绍131I治疗的注意事项、疗效(一次治愈
7、率、复发率、起效时间、重复治疗等)、可能出现的近期反应、甲减发生率及处治措施;解释患者提出的问题;签署知情同意书。,Treatment Methods,2.剂量计算(Dose Calculation),desired dose(MBq or Ci/g)gland size(g)DOSE = Max RAIU(or 24 hours)(%),(MBq or Ci),Accoding to the standard dose formula,theoretical dose for per gram of thyroid tissue is usually expected to be 2.59-
8、4.44 MBq(70-120Ci).,Treatment Methods,3.注意事项( Matters need Attention),Treatment Methods,4.综合治疗(Comprehensive Treatment),(1)与抗甲状腺药物综合应用,(2)与肾上腺素能受体阻断剂合用,Treatment Methods,5. Follow-up,Therapeutic Evaluation,Hyperthyroidism symptoms and signs disappeared completely,thyroid hormone levels back to norma
9、l.,To alleviate the symptoms, physical signs disappeared partly,reduce the level of thyroid hormone but not to normal.,痊愈 Recovery:,好转 Improvement:,Therapeutic Evaluation,Signs and symptoms were not improved or aggravate,thyroid hormone levels did not decrease.,After recovery, again the signs and sy
10、mptoms of hyperthyroidism, thyroid hormone levels rose again.,Appear the symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone levels decrease, TSH increase.,无效 Ineffective:,复发 Relapse:,甲低 Hypothyroidism:,Thyroid Hormone Determination,RAIU,Technetium-99m scan,131I治疗Graves病的目标及对甲减 (hypothyroidism)的认识
11、,Progress,Graves病自发性甲减发生率可高达16%20%,任何治疗方法都不可避免产生一定比例的甲减。,“甲减是131I治疗甲亢难以避免的结果,是治疗的必然转归之一。选择131I治疗主要是要权衡甲亢与甲减后果的利弊关系”。 中华医学会内分泌学会中国甲状腺疾病诊治指南,131I治疗甲亢后的甲减是治疗的必然转归之一,不是副作用,不是并发症,更不是医疗事故。,我们的目标是在保证高治愈率的同时,使早发甲减控制在一个可以接受的水平。甲减的存在并不影响131I作为成人Graves病治疗的一种安全有效的一线/主要 治疗方法之一。,Progress,中华医学会内分泌临床技术操作规范,现已明确:此法安全简便,费用低廉,效益高,总有效率达95%,临床治愈率85%以上,复发率小于1%。没有增加病人甲状腺癌和白血病等癌症的发病率。没有影响病人的生育能力和遗传缺陷的发生率。,Thank You !,