1、毕业论文开题报告 英语 On Symbols in The Old Man and The Sea 一、选题的背景和意义 Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 and died on July 2, 1961. He was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. Hemingway received the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea. He received the Nobel P
2、rize in Literature in 1954. The Old Man and the Sea is Ernest Hemingways masterpiece. The main idea of this novel is “A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” American writer Saul Bellow said Hemingway had a strong will to create a Code Hero. Sweden academician Tom Haws said The Old Man and the Sea
3、 was a powerful and concise work with irresistible beauty. Nevertheless, almost all people admit that Hemingway and his works remained irreplaceable influence to American literature. Since the twentieth century, scholars and critics have shown more and more interest in his works. Always, many schola
4、rs study the symbols in the novel from two aspects: symbols of the characters and symbols of the animals. Other small parts of scholars study the symbols in the environment. In terms of the symbols of the characters, a large number of researches have been made on the character Santiago. The relation
5、ship between Santiago and Jesus is a big focus. “Multiple Interpretations of Symbolic Implications in The Old Man and The Sea (2009)” from Zhao Wenbo mentioned that the characters name Santiago is the same name as one Christian of Jesus. Santiago just has one faith of catching a big fish and abides
6、his mission all his lifetime without perturbation. At first, Santiago disbelieves Jesus but gradually he believes it. It is an indication which shows the old mans state sublimation after severe fighting with difficulties. Ma Jide, the author of “On Christ in The Old Man and The Sea (2010)”, wrote th
7、at Santiagos occupation shows the relationship between Jesus and him. One day the Jesus walked along a beach and saw two brothers fishing. He told them to follow him and can make them feel like a fish in water .Then they threw away fishing nets and became Christians. 1 Some scholars make study on Sa
8、ntiagos characteristics. Huang Lin, the author of “Study on Symbols in The Old Man and The Sea (2009)”, pointed out that Santiago is the best representative of Code Hero spirit. The old fisherman Santiago suffered from poverty and misfortune and led a difficult life. However, he is a failed hero and
9、 undefeated loser. Then some papers on the function of the little boy Manolin have been carried out. In “The Role of the Boy and the Lion in The Old Man and the Sea (2008)”, Lu Cheng pointed out some new observations. From the friendship between Santiago and Manolin, we can see that Santiago is also
10、 a kindhearted and caring man. The existence of the little boy represents another aspect of the old mans humanity. In Ma Xiulis “Analysis of the Little Boys Functions in The Old Man and The Sea (2008)”, it interprets the little boy Manolins deep functions. When the old man got no fish with 84 days,
11、he said Santiago is the fishing master of all the fishers”. He believed Santiago would catch a fish successfully later. Manolin is a projection of young Hemingway with the characteristics of optimism and independence. Meanwhile, some researchers are interested in the symbols of the animals. Gao Hong
12、qin, the author of “The Interpretation of Dream in The Old Man and The Sea” (2009), pointed out that the lion in Santiagos dream has tight relationship with himself. The old man had been to Africa in childhood and saw lions there. Why does he only remember lions but not seaside and hills? Because li
13、on is the king of beasts with noble status and powerful strength. He wants to be a person like lions and be accepted by other fishers. In “Analysis of the Lion in The Old Man and The Sea”（ 2003）， Huo Mingjie pointed that lion represents the old man. Although Santiago catches no fishes in 84 days, he
14、 never gives up and complains about injustice in life. He has the lion like ambition, power and courage. Only a minority of scholars focus on symbols in the environment. In “On the functions of the sea and the Marlin in The Old Man and The sea (2000)”, Liu Songquan wrote that the Marlin is the best
15、fish with the characteristics of persistence, modesty, confident and calm. Though the Marlin is eaten by sharks, the old man brings the bones (spirit) back. In “On Symbolism of The Old Man and The Sea (2008)”, Kuang Aimei analyzed the symbol of the skeleton of the Marlin. The skeleton represents the
16、 old mans mental success. To other people, the skeleton means nothing but rubbishes. But to Santiago, it means huge success of the spirit. There are also many other famous and professional critics from domestic and overseas 2 have make deep study on The Old Man and The Sea and symbols in it. However
17、, on the whole, it seems that the majority of the researches done on The Old Man and The Sea are about the old man. Researchers always focus on the old man and his characteristics. In fact, other symbols in the book can be big focus. People should pay more attention to object symbols like boat, flat
18、 and sailfishes. In this thesis, the author not only analyzes symbolic significances of the old man and his characteristics, but also pays attention to other objective symbols like sea, boat, sharks, and lions to analyzing its symbolic significance. On one hand, this paper can instruct readers to un
19、derstand The Old Man and The Sea better. When they reread this book, they wont ignore such symbols. On the other hand, it can help people to form a good reading habit to think deeply from exterior words because every word has its meanings in each novel. 二、研究目标与主要内容 The purpose of this research is to
20、 analyze the symbols including Santiago, Manolin, Sea, Boat, sharks and lions in The Old Man and The Sea in order to find out their symbolic significances. On one hand, this paper can instruct readers to understand The Old Man and The Sea better. When they reread this book, they wont ignore such sym
21、bols. On the other hand, it can help people to form a good reading habit to think deeply from exterior words because every word has its meanings in each novel. 1. Introduction 2. Symbols in The Old Man and The Sea 2.1 The Symbols of the Characters 2.1.1 Santiago 2.1.2 Manolin 2.2 Symbols in the Envi
22、ronment 2.2.1 Sea 2.2.2 Boat 2.3 The Symbols of the Animals 2.3.1 Sharks 2.3.2 Lions 3 3. Conclusion 三、拟采取的研究方法、研究手段及技术路线、实验方案等 In this paper, the author makes specific research on Hemingways life experience, the background of the novel, the comments and critics of the novel. The author has read fam
23、ous scholars essays. Whats more, the author makes a deep research on the symbols in The Old Man and The Sea. Besides, extensive reading of other peoples critical articles properly broadened my literary horizon. 四 、 中外文参考文献目录 1 Gao Hongqin. The Interpretation of Dream in the Old Man and the Sea J. Jo
24、urnal Of Si Chuan College Of Education, 2009, (1). 2 Huang Lin. Study on Symbols in The Old Man and the Sea J. Economic and Law, 2009, (1) . 3 Wang Min and Tao Shiyun. The Symbolism of the Old Man and the Sea J. Information Technology, 2007, (15) . 4 步雨格 . 解析 老人与海 中的老人精神 J.科技向导， 2010，（ 27） . 5 陈健 .
25、老人与海 人物形象塑造及其象征意义 J. 重庆文理学院学报 ， 2010，（ 2） . 6 霍明杰 . 浅析老人与海中 “ 狮子 ” 意象的两种意义 J. 广州大学学报 (社会科学版 ), 2003,(04). 7 旷爱梅 . 简论海明威老人与海的象征手法 J. 邵阳学院学报 ， 2008，（ 2） . 8 刘松泉 , 张 鹭 . 浅论海和马林鱼在 老人与海 中的作用 J.周口师范高等专科学校学报 ， 2000（ 3） . 9 吕程 .论男孩和狮子在 老人与海 中的作用 J.滨州学院学报， 2008，（ 2） . 10 马吉德 .论老人与海中的基督精神 J.青年文学家， 2010，（ 6） .
26、 11 马秀丽 ,王艳红 ,王芳 . 老人与海中小男孩形象的深层意蕴解析 J.电影评介 , 2008,(04) . 12 彭小晶 . 论环境和人物设定在老人与海中的象征作用 J.发展 , 2008,(11). 13 覃云华 ,雷卿 . 从马诺林的象征意义说起 J.太原城市职业技术学院学报 , 4 2010,(01) . 14 杨秋喜 . 浅析海明威 老人与海 的象征手法 J. 赤峰学院学报 ， 2010，（ 4） . 15 赵文博 .老人与海象征意蕴的多重解读 J.吉林师范大学学报 , 2009,(1). 五、研究的整体方案与工作进度安排 序号 时间 内容 1 2010 年 9 月 10 月
27、选题，确定指导老师 2 2010 年 11 月 30 日之前 网络下发任务书 3 2010 年 12 月 20 日之前 完成文献综述 4 2010 年 1 月 10 日之前 完成开题报告 5 2011 年 2 月 28 日 完成初稿 6 2011 年 3 月 15 日 完成中期检查 7 2011 年 4 月 19 日 论文定稿 8 2011 年 4 月 25 日 论文一次答辩 9 2011 年 5 月 9 日 论文二次答辩 10 2011 年 5 月 31 日之前 成绩评定总结 六、研究的预期目标及主要特点及创新点 The purpose of this research is to anal
28、yze the symbols including in The Old Man and The Sea in order to find out their symbolic significances. In this thesis, the author not only analyzes symbolic significances of the old man and his characteristics, but also pays attention to other objective symbols like sea, boat, sharks, and lions to analyzing its symbolic significance which fetches up the shortages in objective symbols. The author also links society background to symbols in the novel from many aspects.
