1、1外文翻译原文TITLECUSTOMERSATISFACTIONWITHLOYALTYCARDPROGRAMSINTHEAUSTRIANCLOTHINGRETAILSECTORANEMPIRICALSTUDYOFPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESUSINGKANOSTHEORYMATERIALSOURCEEUROPEANRETAILRESEARCHVOL24,ISSUEI,2010,PP7196AUTHOREVAWALTER,CLAUDIASTEYRERANDSTEFANWIESELAROUNDTHEWORLDRETAILCOMPETITIONINCONSUMERMARKETSCONT
2、INUESTOINTENSIFYANDRETAILERSASWELLASMARKETERSARESEEKINGSTRATEGIESFORMAINTAININGBOTHTHEINTERESTANDLOYALTYOFTHEIRCUSTOMERSTHEREFORE,RELATIONSHIPMARKETINGHASGROWNINPOPULARITYDURINGTHEPASTDECADESANDTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFRELATIONSHIPMARKETINGPROGRAMSISSTEADILYINCREASINGTODAY,RETAILERSRECOGNIZETHATSATISFYING
3、ANDRETAININGCONSUMERSBYUSINGRELATIONSHIPBUILDINGACTIVITIESISONEOFTHEMOSTPROMISINGFORMSOFSUSTAINABLECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEALTHOUGHLOYALTYCANNOTBETAKENASADIRECTPROXYFORPROFITABILITY,NUMEROUSTHEORETICALANDEMPIRICALSTUDIESHAVEFOUNDTHATCUSTOMERSGENERATEINCREASINGLYMOREPROFITSFOREACHYEARTHEYBUYFROMANDCONTIN
4、UETOTRUSTTHECOMPANYINRETAILPRACTICEITISVERYCOMMONTOUSECARDBASEDPROGRAMSFORLOYALTYENHANCEMENTSTRATEGIESSUCHPROGRAMSINVOLVETHEISSUANCEOFSPECIALLYCODEDCARDSOROTHERSPECIALSCANNERREADABLECARDS,WHICHCANTHENBEUSEDATTHECHECKOUTWITHTHEOBJECTIVEOFINCREASINGCUSTOMERPROPENSITYTHECUSTOMERCANDERIVESEVERALBENEFITS
5、FROMTHEUSAGEOFLOYALTYCARDSLIKEPERCENTAGE/PRICEREDUCTIONS,SPECIALOFFERS,GIFTPACKAGINGSERVICE,THEIROWNPARKINGAREAORADDITIONALINFORMATIONAFTERGROWINGBY25TO30PERCENTAYEARDURINGTHE1990S,LOYALTYCARDSARENOWCOMMONPLACEINEUROPEANRETAILINGINSOMEMARKETS,THEPENETRATIONHASAPPROACHEDSATURATION,WHILEINOTHERSITISST
6、ILLADVANCINGATASTEADYPACEINAUSTRIA,LOYALTYCARDPROGRAMSAREAMONGTOTHEMOSTPOPULARRELATIONSHIPBUILDINGACTIVITIESTHEORETICALBACKGROUNDINMODERNMANAGEMENTTHEORY,CUSTOMERSATISFACTIONISCONSIDEREDONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTDRIVERSOFLONGTERMBUSINESSSUCCESSTHISSHIFTINSTRATEGICTHINKING2ISBASEDONTHEASSUMPTIONTHATCUSTOM
7、ERSATISFACTIONISONEOFTHEMOSTPOWERFULINDICATORSFORACOMPANYSFUTURE,ASAHIGHLEVELOFCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONLEADSTOAHIGHLEVELOFCUSTOMERLOYALTYNUMEROUSTHEORETICALANDEMPIRICALSTUDIESDISCUSSTHEPOSITIVEEFFECTSOFCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONALBEITNONLINEAR,HIGHERSATISFACTIONNEVERTHELESSINCREASESCUSTOMERLOYALTYANDENSURESAL
8、ASTINGCASHFLOWSATISFIEDCUSTOMERSARE,FURTHERMORE,LESSPRICESENSITIVEANDMOREINCLINEDTOSPENDMOREONTRIEDANDTESTEDPRODUCTSSTABLEBUSINESSRELATIONSHAVEOTHERADVANTAGESTHEPOSITIVEIMAGEREDUCESTHECOSTSOFATTRACTINGNEWCUSTOMERS,ANDTHEHIGHLEVELOFCUSTOMERLOYALTYLOWERSTRANSACTIONCOSTSFOREXISTINGCUSTOMERSASACONSEQUEN
9、CE,PRACTITIONERSNEEDTOUNDERSTANDHOWSATISFACTIONISENGENDERED,HOWITCANBEINFLUENCED,WHICHFEATURESHAVEAMORETHANPROPORTIONALINFLUENCEONSATISFACTIONANDWHICHATTRIBUTESAREANABSOLUTEMUSTINTHEEYESOFTHECUSTOMERSOFAR,THELITERATUREONCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONISCHARACTERIZEDBYTHEPREDOMINANCEOFONEDIMENSIONALMODELSTHEBES
10、TKNOWNFRAMEWORKFORSATISFACTIONSTUDIESISPROBABLYTHEEXPECTATIONDISCONFIRMATIONPARADIGMITPROPOSESTHATCUSTOMERSMAINTAINASTANDARDOFREFERENCETOWHICHTHEYCOMPAREPERCEIVEDPERFORMANCESATISFACTIONRESULTSIFPERFORMANCEISHIGHERTHANEXPECTEDDISSATISFACTIONRESULTSIFITISLOWERINTHISCASE,ONLYTHEOVERALLCUSTOMERSATISFACT
11、IONWITHTHETOTALPRODUCTORSERVICEPERFORMANCEISCONSIDEREDBUTTHEIDENTIFICATIONOFTHEDETERMINANTSOFCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONISACENTRALCONCERNFORBOTHMARKETINGRESEARCHANDPRACTITIONERSITISIMPORTANTTOKNOWWHICHSERVICEATTRIBUTESADDVALUEANDINCREASESATISFACTION,WHICHOFTHEMMERELYFULFILLMINIMUMREQUIREMENTSANDMINIMIZEDIS
12、SATISFACTION,ANDWHICHDOBOTHCONSIDERTHEFOLLOWINGEXAMPLESACLEANRESTAURANTENGENDERSNOSATISFACTION,BUTADIRTYRESTAURANTSTRONGLYATTRACTSNEGATIVEFEELINGSRECEIVINGAFREEDRINKINARESTAURANTISPLEASANTLYSURPRISING,BUTTHEREISNOREASONFORDISSATISFACTIONIFITISNOTDELIVEREDFORFREEINCASESSUCHASTHESE,VARIANTATTRIBUTESMA
13、YRESULTINCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONORDISSATISFACTIONOREVOKENOFEELINGFROMTHECONSUMERTHISISTHECORECONCEPTOFTHEKANOMODELKANOSMODELOFCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONCONNECTSTHEIDEASOFTHETHEORYOFATTRACTIVEQUALITYWITHTHEACCEPTATIONSOFTHEEXPECTATIONDISCONFIRMATIONPARADIGMACCORDINGTOKANOSMODELOFATTRACTIVEQUALITY,SATISFACTION
14、WITHAQUALITYATTRIBUTEISTHERESULTOFANEVALUATIONOFOBJECTIVEANDSUBJECTIVEQUALITIESTRANSFERRINGTHISACCEPTATIONTOTHEEXPECTATIONDISCONFIRMATIONPARADIGM,CUSTOMERSATISFACTIONTHENISTHERESULTOFANEVALUATIONOFTHESTANDARDOFREFERENCETOTHEPERCEIVED3PERFORMANCECONSEQUENTLYPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESARECLASSIFIEDINTOTHEFO
15、LLOWINGFIVECATEGORIES1MUSTBEREQUIREMENTSAREMINIMUMREQUIREMENTSTHATCAUSEDISSATISFACTIONIFNOTFULFILLEDBUTDONOTLEADTOCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONIFFULFILLEDOREXCEEDEDNEGATIVEPERFORMANCEONTHESEATTRIBUTESHASAGREATERIMPACTONOVERALLSATISFACTIONTHANPOSITIVEPERFORMANCETHEFULFILLMENTOFBASICREQUIREMENTSISANECESSARYBUT
16、NOTASUFFICIENTCONDITIONFORSATISFACTIONBASICREQUIREMENTSAREENTIRELYEXPECTEDTHECUSTOMERREGARDSTHEMASPREREQUISITES,THEYARETAKENFORGRANTED2ONEDIMENSIONALREQUIREMENTSLEADTOSATISFACTIONIFPERFORMANCEISHIGHANDTODISSATISFACTIONIFPERFORMANCEISLOWINTHISCASE,THEATTRIBUTEPERFORMANCEOVERALLSATISFACTIONRELATIONSHI
17、PISLINEARANDSYMMETRICUSUALLYONEDIMENSIONALREQUIREMENTSAREEXPLICITLYDEMANDEDBYCUSTOMERS3ATTRACTIVEREQUIREMENTSARETHEREQUIREMENTSTHATINCREASECUSTOMERSATISFACTIONIFDELIVEREDBUTDONOTCAUSEDISSATISFACTIONIFTHEYARENOTDELIVEREDPOSITIVEPERFORMANCEONTHESEATTRIBUTESHASAGREATERIMPACTONOVERALLSATISFACTIONANDTHES
18、EREQUIREMENTSARETHEKEYTOCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONATTRACTIVEREQUIREMENTSARENEITHEREXPLICITLYEXPRESSEDNOREXPECTEDBYTHECUSTOMER4INDIFFERENTREQUIREMENTSTHESEREQUIREMENTSREFERTOASPECTSTHATARENEITHERGOODNORBADCONSEQUENTLYTHEYDONOTRESULTINEITHERCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONORCUSTOMERDISSATISFACTIONOFTENINDIFFERENTREQUIR
19、EMENTSARETHOSEPRODUCTORSERVICEATTRIBUTESTHATARENEVERORRARELYUSEDBYTHECUSTOMER5RESERVEREQUIREMENTSTHESEREQUIREMENTSREFERTOAHIGHDEGREEOFACHIEVEMENTRESULTINGINDISSATISFACTIONANDTOTHEFACTTHATNOTALLCUSTOMERSAREALIKETHEMODELIMPLIESTHATBASICREQUIREMENTSESTABLISHAMARKETENTRYTHRESHOLDIFTHEYAREDELIVEREDTOASAT
20、ISFACTORYLEVEL,ANINCREASEINTHEIRPERFORMANCEDOESNOTLEADTOANINCREASEINCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONONEDIMENSIONALREQUIREMENTSARETYPICALLYDIRECTLYCONNECTEDTOCUSTOMERSEXPLICITNEEDSANDDESIRESTHEREFORE,ACOMPANYSHOULDBECOMPETITIVEWITHREGARDTOONEDIMENSIONALFACTORSATTRACTIVEREQUIREMENTSAREUNEXPECTEDANDSURPRISETHECUST
21、OMERASTHEYGENERATEDELIGHT,ACOMPANYSHOULDTRYTOSTANDOUTFROMTHECOMPETITIONWITHREGARDTOTHESEATTRIBUTESDISCUSSIONANDIMPLICATIONSTHEFURTHERDEVELOPMENTOFLOYALTYCARDPROGRAMSISANIMPORTANTANDVITALPARTOFRELATIONSHIPMARKETING,ESPECIALLYFORTHEAUSTRIANRETAILFASHIONMARKETBUTNOWADAYS,ALOTOFSTORECARDPROGRAMSAREVIRTU
22、ALLYINTERCHANGEABLETHEYARE4LACKINGINATTRACTIVENESSANDDIFFERENTIATIONONLYLOYALTYCARDPROGRAMSTHATDISTINGUISHARETAILERFROMITSCOMPETITORSCANINCREASECUSTOMERRETENTIONANDLIFETIMEDURATIONTHEREFORE,LOYALTYCARDPROGRAMSSHOULDOFFERINTEGRALSYSTEMSOFMARKETINGACTIONSANDECONOMIC,PSYCHOLOGICALANDSOCIOLOGICALREWARDS
23、THERESULTSOFOURSTUDYHAVESEVERALIMPORTANTIMPLICATIONSFORRESEARCHERSANDMANAGERSFURTHERMORETHEYOFFERANOTHERPERSPECTIVEANDIDENTIFYINFLUENCINGFACTORSOFCONSUMERSATISFACTIONUSINGKANOSMETHODPRICEPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESCOULDBECLASSIFIEDAS“MUSTBEREQUIREMENTS”THEREFORE,PRICEPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESAREIMPORTANTFORAL
24、OYALTYCARDPROGRAMIFTHESEREQUIREMENTSARENOTFULFILLED,THECUSTOMERWILLBEDISSATISFIEDASTHECUSTOMERTAKESTHOSEREQUIREMENTSFORGRANTED,THEIRFULFILLMENTWILLNOTINCREASEOVERALLSATISFACTIONFULFILLINGTHEMUSTBEREQUIREMENTSWILLONLYLEADTOASTATEOFBEINGNOTDISSATISFIEDTHECUSTOMERTAKESTHEMFORGRANTEDANDTHEREFOREDOESNOTE
25、XPLICITLYDEMANDTHEMFROMARETAILERSPERSPECTIVE,ITISIMPORTANTTOKNOWTHATIFPRICEPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESAREOFFEREDATASATISFACTORYLEVEL,ANINCREASEINTHEIRPERFORMANCEDOESNOTLEADTOANINCREASEINCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONBUTIFTHEYARENOTFULFILLED,THECUSTOMERWILLNOTBEINTERESTEDINTHECARDPROGRAMATALLSERVICEPERFORMANCEATTRIB
26、UTESCOULDBECLASSIFIEDAS“ONEDIMENSIONALREQUIREMENTS”WITHREGARDTOTHESEREQUIREMENTSCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONISPROPORTIONALTOTHELEVELOFFULFILLMENTTHEHIGHERTHELEVELOFFULFILLMENT,THEHIGHERTHECUSTOMERSSATISFACTIONWILLBE,ANDVICEVERSATHESESERVICEPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESAREUSUALLYEXPLICITLYDEMANDEDBYTHECUSTOMER,ANDCO
27、NSEQUENTLYITISIMPORTANTTOINTEGRATESUCHFEATURESINTOALOYALTYCARDPROGRAMFROMARETAILERSPERSPECTIVE,ITISIMPORTANTTOBECOMPETITIVEWITHREGARDTOONEDIMENSIONALREQUIREMENTSFURTHERMORE,SERVICEPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESCANCREATEEMOTIONALATTACHMENTSTHATENHANCEACUSTOMERSCOMMITMENTPSYCHOSOCIALPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESCOULDB
28、ECLASSIFIEDAS“ATTRACTIVEREQUIREMENTS”THESEREQUIREMENTSARETHECRITERIA,WHICHHAVETHEGREATESTINFLUENCEONTHELEVELOFSATISFACTIONFORTHECUSTOMERPSYCHOSOCIALPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESENHANCECUSTOMERSPERCEIVEDVALUECONSUMERSAPPRECIATEREWARDSANDITMAKESTHEMFEELLIKEPREFERREDCUSTOMERSANDTHEYWILLIDENTIFYMOREWITHASTORETH
29、EYARENEITHEREXPLICITLYEXPRESSEDNOREXPECTEDBYTHECUSTOMERFROMARETAILERSPERSPECTIVETHESEPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESCREATEAWIDERANGEOFPOSSIBILITIESFORDIFFERENTIATION,INCONTRASTTOINTERCHANGEABLEPRICEANDSERVICEPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTES5INGENERAL,MUSTBE,ONEDIMENSIONALANDATTRACTIVEREQUIREMENTSDIFFERINTHEUTILITYEXPECT
30、ATIONSOFDIFFERENTCUSTOMERSEGMENTSANANOVAWASAPPLIEDTOIDENTIFYTHEEFFECTOFGENDERONTHEPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESCLASSIFICATIONFORMENTHEPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTES“PREFERENTIALTREATMENT”AND“ADDITIONALINFORMATION”ARECLASSIFIEDASINDIFFERENTREQUIREMENTS,WHILEWOMENCLASSIFYTHESEATTRIBUTESASATTRACTIVEREQUIREMENTSTHESEPER
31、FORMANCEATTRIBUTESAPPEARMOREIMPORTANTTOWOMENBECAUSEOFTHEIRHIGHERINTERESTINFASHIONSHOPPINGFURTHERMORE,THEDIFFERENCEISSTRENGTHENEDBYTHEFACTTHAT“PREFERENTIALTREATMENT”SERVICESAREPARTICULARLYORIENTEDTOFEMALENEEDSBYUNDERSTANDINGTHEDIFFERENTEFFECTSONCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONFROMDIFFERENTTYPESOFPERFORMANCEATTRI
32、BUTES,COMPANIESCANDEVELOPMOREAPPROPRIATEMARKETINGSTRATEGIESTOINCREASECUSTOMERSATISFACTIONACCORDINGTOINCREASINGTHEIRINDIVIDUALIZATIONWILLBECOMEMOREIMPORTANTKANOSTHEORYPRESUMESTHATSUCCESSFULPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESFOLLOWASPECIFICLIFECYCLEANDCHANGEOVERTIMETHEPRESENTSTUDYHASSHOWNTHATFORRESPONDENTSWITHOUTLO
33、YALTYCARDS,PRICEANDSERVICEATTRIBUTESAREATTRACTIVEREQUIREMENTSWHILEFORLOYALTYCARDHOLDERSTHEYAREMUSTBEAND/ORONEDIMENSIONALREQUIREMENTSPSYCHOSOCIALPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESARECLASSIFIEDASATTRACTIVEREQUIREMENTSFROMSTORECARDHOLDERS,WHILEFORTHEOTHERGROUPTHESEAREINDIFFERENTREQUIREMENTSOURRESULTSIMPLYTHATPRICEA
34、NDSERVICEATTRIBUTESAREABLETOCHANGEFROMBEINGINDIFFERENTTOATTRACTIVE,TOONEDIMENSIONAL,ANDFINALLYTOMUSTBEFROMTHISPOINTOFVIEW,ALOYALCARDPROGRAMHASTOBEENHANCEDCONTINUOUSLYFEATURESNEEDTOBECONTEMPORARYANDSHOULDSATISFYCUSTOMERSDEMANDSFURTHERMORE,ITISIMPORTANTTOCREATEATTRACTIVEPRICEREQUIREMENTSTOACQUIRENEWCU
35、STOMERSFORTHECARDPROGRAM,ASFORRESPONDENTSWITHOUTLOYALTYCARDSTHEIRFEATURESAREATTRACTIVEREQUIREMENTSITISOFIMPORTANTRELEVANCEFORMARKETINGRESEARCHERSANDPRACTITIONERSTOKNOWWHICHPERFORMANCEATTRIBUTESADDVALUEANDINCREASESATISFACTIONANDWHICHOFTHEMMERELYFULFILLMINIMUMREQUIREMENTSANDMINIMIZEDISSATISFACTIONINTH
36、ISCONTEXT,KANOSMETHODCANHELPTOEXPLOREREQUIREMENTSTHATMUSTBEFULFILLEDTOBECOMPETITIVE,ANDWHICHARESEENASATTRACTIVEBYTHECUSTOMERANDSOINCREASESATISFACTIONHENCE,THEPRESENTSTUDYIDENTIFIESIMPORTANTREQUIREMENTSFORLOYALTYCARDPROGRAMS6译文标题顾客满意度与忠诚度卡计划在奥地利服装零售行业的使用性能卡诺属性的实证研究的理论资料来源欧洲零售研究卷,VOL24,2010年,第7196作者EV
37、AWALTER,CLAUDIASTEYRERANDSTEFANWIESEL在世界各地的消费市场的零售竞争不断加剧,零售商以及营销人员正在寻求双方互惠和维护他们的客户忠诚度的策略。因此,关系营销得已普及,在过去几十年成长之后,关系营销方案的实施得到了稳步增长。今天,零售商认识到,通过建设消费者活动关系,满足和留住消费者是发展可持续竞争优势的最有前途的形式之一。虽然忠诚度不能作为像利润那样直接表现,但许多理论和实证研究发现,每年产生的利润越来越多的是由客户再次购买和继续信任其公司产生的。在零售实践中使用忠诚度卡是很基本、很普遍的增强销售的战略方案。这些计划涉及特殊编码卡或其他特殊的扫描仪,读取功能
38、卡,然后可以在结帐时使用,以期望增加目标客户的倾向。客户使用忠诚卡可以从中得到价格下降的特别优惠,礼品包装服务,自己的停车场这几个方面的好处。20世纪90年代有百分之25至30的消费者使用忠诚卡,现在在欧洲零售业忠诚卡使用已经非常普遍。其在一些市场渗透已接近饱和,而在另一些市场仍处于稳步前进的状况。理论背景在现代管理理论中,顾客满意是视企业长期业务成功的最重要动力之一。这在战略思维上的转变是基于这样的一种假设,即是在未来客户满意是一家公司的最强大的指标之一。有一个高水平的客户满意度可以导致顾客的忠诚度达到很高的水平。许多理论和实证研究探讨顾客满意的积极效果。虽然是非线性表现,但满意度较高的客户
39、,其客户忠诚度会得到增加,并确保了企业持久的现金流。此外,满意度高的顾客很少对价格敏感,更愿意把钱花在尝试和测试产品稳定的关系上,其他优点还有更多比如降低了吸引新客户的成本,以及高层次忠诚度的客户降低交易成本,为现有客户产生正面形象。因此,从业者需要了解满意如何产生,可以在哪些功能上产生满意度超比例的影响,哪些属性是绝对的,顾客必须满足的。到目前为止,对客户满意度文献的特点是一维模型。最好的满意度研究已知的框架可能是以期望差异为典范。它建议客户确立一个参考标准,可以进行实际绩效的比较。满意的结果,是表现比预期要高;不满的结果,是表现比预期的要低。在这种情况下,整体客户满意度被认为是只与总产品或
40、服务表现有7关。但是,以顾客满意的决定因素识别是以营销研究和实践关注为焦点。重要的是要知道哪些服务属性的附加价值会增加满意度。而满足最低要求和尽量减少不满,这两者都必须做到。考虑下面的例子一个干净的餐厅顾客不一定满意,但一个肮脏的餐厅则强烈吸引着顾客的消极情绪饭店提供免费饮料是惊喜,如果它不是免费提供,顾客就没有不满意的原因。在这些情况下,变型属性可能会导致顾客没有感觉,或唤起消费者满意或不满意。这是卡诺模型的核心概念。卡诺的顾客满意模型连接的是魅力品质与期望差异理论的承诺兑现的想法。根据卡诺的模式“有吸引力的质量”,这个词义转移到期望差异模式就是满意的质量属性是一个客观和主观质量评价结果。让
41、客户满意则是对感知性能参考标准之后评价结果。因此性能属性可分为以下五类。1必要条件如果不满足最低要求就会引起不满,但如果满足或超过了最低要求也不会导致客户满意。这些属性的负面表现比积极表现影响整体满意度的更大。实现基本要求是必要的,但不是充分条件。客户把他们作为前提条件,他们是理所当然被实现的。2一维的要求如果导致性能高则满意和如果性能低则不满。在这种情况下,属性表现总体满意度的关系是线性和对称。通常一维要求是客户明确提出的要求。3有吸引力的要求如果实现会提高客户满意度,如果不实现不会引起不满。这些属性积极表现对整体满意度产生更大的影响,这些要求是提高满意度的关键。有吸引力的要求对顾客来说既不
42、明确表示,也不可预期。4无关紧要的要求这些要求是指方面是既不好也不坏。因此,他们不会造成任何顾客满意或顾客不满。往往是那些漠不关心要求的产品或服务,从不或很少有顾客使用的属性。5储存要求这些要求是指高度的成就导致的不满,以及这样的要求并不是所有的客户都是相似的。该模型意味着,基本要求是建立市场准入的门槛。如果他们被传递到令人满意的水平,在他们的表现增加并不会导致客户满意度增加。一维的要求通常是直接连接到客户的明确需求和愿望。因此,公司应考虑到一维要素的竞争力。有吸引力的是意外和惊喜要求的客户。由于它们所产生的喜悦,公司应尽量置身于这些属性方面的竞争中脱颖而出。讨论与启示忠诚卡计划的进一步发展,
43、是关系营销的重要和关键的部分,特别是对奥地利零售时装市场。但现在,卡计划的很多商店几乎可以互换。他们缺乏吸引力和分化。忠诚卡计划,只有和它的竞争对手或零售商区分开,就可以增加客8户忠诚度和寿命的持续时间。因此,忠诚卡计划应提供的营销活动和经济,心理和社会学的奖励积分制度。我们的研究结果对研究人员和管理人员几个重要意义。此外,他们提供另一个角度看,找出消费者满意度影响因素卡诺使用的方法价格性能属性可分为“必被要求”。因此,价格性能属性对一个忠诚卡计划非常重要。如果这些要求不能实现,客户就会不满意。作为其自身想当这些要求履行时并不会增加整体满意度。履行必被要求将只会导致不被不满的状态。客户需要是理
44、所当然的,因此并没有明确要求这些。从零售商的角度来看,重要的是要知道,如果在价格性能属性提供一个令人满意的水平,必备要求满意的表现增加并不会导致客户满意度增加。但是,如果他们不能完成,客户不会对卡产生兴趣。服务性能属性可划分为“一维要求。”对于这些要求,客户的满意是成正比。实现较高的水平,客户将有较高的满意,反之亦然。这些服务的性能属性通常是有客户明确要求的,因此重要的是要融入到忠诚卡计划之中的各种功能。从零售商的角度来看,重要的是对于一维要求的竞争力。此外,服务性能属性可以建立情感上的依附,增强对客户的承诺。社会心理的表现属性可以归类为“有吸引力的要求”。这些要求的标准,对客户的满意程度影响
45、最大。心理性能属性可提高客户的感知价值。消费者欣赏回报,这让他们觉得好像是拥有优先权的顾客,他们将选择有更多优先的卡进行储存。他们既不是明确表示,也不是因客户的预期。从零售商的角度来看,相比可互换的价格和服务性能属性,这些性能属性建立一个广泛的分化的可能性。在一般情况下,一维和有吸引力的要求是必要的,作用在不同客户群的不同效用的期望。在识别性别上的表现属性与分类效果用方差分析。可得男子的性能属性“优待”和“补充信息”的要求划分为冷漠,而女性有吸引力的要求划分为关注。这些性能属性显得更为重要,因为他满足较高的女性时尚购物的兴趣。此外,不同的是事实,即为加强“优待”服务,特别是面向女性的需求。通过
46、了解,从不同类型的性能属性对顾客满意的不同影响,公司可以建立更加适当的市场营销策略,以提高客户满意度。所以增加他们的个性化将变得更加重要。卡诺的理论假设,成功的性能属性遵循一个特定的一段时间内的生命周期和变化。目前的研究表明,对于没有忠诚卡,价格和服务的质量要求的受访者有吸引力,而他们的忠诚持卡人必须满足一维的要求。社会心理的表现属性分类为存储持卡人有吸引力的要求,而其他的是对这些漠不关心的要求。我们的研究结果意味着,价格和服务的质量能够改变漠视吸引力,一维要求是必须满9足的。从这个角度来看,一个忠诚卡计划,必须不断提高现代功能需要,并且满足客户的需求。此外,重要的是创造有吸引力的价格的要求,没有忠诚卡的卡计划收购新客户的受访者中,其特点是要有吸引力的要求。知道哪些性能属性附加价值并增加他们的满意度和哪些仅仅满足了最低要求并尽量减少不满,它对市场营销研究人员和从业者来说有重要意义。在这种情况下,卡诺的方法可以帮助探索,了解必须要完成具有竞争力的卡计划,哪些是被视为由客户的吸引力,从而增加满意度的要求。因此,本研究确定了忠诚卡计划的重要要求。