1、1外文翻译原文TITLEMARKETINGPLANNINGMATERIALSOURCEMARKETINGPLANNINGFOREXTENSIONSYSTEMSAUTHORVGLENNCHAPPELLTHEPURPOSEOFMARKETINGPLANNINGISTODEVELOPMARKETINGSTRATEGIESTHATWILLHELPORGANIZATIONSATTAINTHEIROVERALLOBJECTIVESEFFECTIVEMARKETINGPLANNINGREQUIRESAMARKETINGORIENTATIONBASEDONTHREEPROPOSITIONSCLIENTORIE
2、NTATION,COORDINATIONOFCLIENTRELATEDACTIVITIES,ANDGOALDIRECTIONTHEAUTHORSUGGESTSAFOURSTEPMARKETINGPLANNINGPROCESSTHATGUARANTEESAMARKETINGORIENTATIONTHATIMPROVESTHECHANCESFORCHOOSINGTHEBESTMARKETINGSTRATEGYFOREXTENSIONPROGRAMSRECENTLY,EXTENSIONSPECIALISTSINTHESTATEOFWASHINGTONUSEDDIRECTMAILMETHODSTOAT
3、TRACTYOUNGHOMEMAKERSTOCONFERENCESONFAMILYBUSINESSESFLORIDAEXPANDEDFOODSANDNUTRITIONPROGRAMEFNEPSPECIALISTSEMPLOYEDTHEPRINCIPLESOFSALESMANSHIPTOHELPEFNEPPARAPROFESSIONALSRECRUITHOMEMAKERSFORNUTRITIONEDUCATIONACOMMUNITYLEADERSHIPPROGRAMINGEORGIAUSEDBILLBOARDS,TSHIRTS,BALLOONS,ANDBUTTONSTOPROMOTEALEADE
4、RSHIPTRAININGPROGRAMTHE4HPROGRAMINNORTHCAROLINAHASUSEDATELEVISIONADVERTISINGCAMPAIGNTOBUILDAWARENESSOFITS“PRODUCTLINE“THESEAREJUSTAFEWEXAMPLESOFTHEMANYEXTENSIONPROGRAMSAROUNDTHECOUNTRYWHICHHAVESUCCESSFULLYAPPLIEDMARKETINGIDEASTOPOR,1988DURINGTHEPASTFEWYEARSASEXTENSIONPERSONNELRESPONDTOTHEPROBLEMSFAC
5、INGAMERICAINTHE1990S,MANYWILLINCREASINGLYTURNTOMARKETINGFORHELPWITHSUCHISSUESASATTRACTINGLEADERS,VOLUNTEERSANDCLIENTELE,INCREASINGCLIENTSATISFACTIONWITHEXTENSION,DESIGNINGEXCELLENTPROGRAMSWHICHCARRYOUTEXTENSIONSMISSION,ANDENLISTINGFINANCIALANDPOLITICALSUPPORTASWELLASENTHUSIASMOFCLIENTS,GOVERNMENTOFF
6、ICIALS,ANDOTHERSTAKEHOLDERGROUPSEFFECTIVEMARKETINGDOESNOTJUSTHAPPEN,HOWEVERTHEREARENOMAGICALFORMULASORSECRETSTOMARKETINGNORWILLEXTENSIONPROFESSIONALSBEABLETOADAPTBUSINESSMARKETINGIDEASTOEXTENSIONSPROGRAMSWITHOUTSOMEDIFFICULTYLIKEALL2MANAGERIALACTIVITIES,MARKETINGMUSTBEPLANNED,ORGANIZED,ANDCONTROLLED
7、ITINVOLVESDESIGNINGEXTENSIONPROGRAMSTOMEETTHENEEDSANDDESIRESOFTARGETCLIENTSANDUSINGEFFECTIVEPRICING,COMMUNICATION,ANDDISTRIBUTIONTOINFORM,MOTIVATE,ANDSERVICECLIENTSTHEPURPOSEOFTHISARTICLEISTOPROVIDEEXTENSIONPROFESSIONALSWITHANINTRODUCTIONTOMARKETINGPLANNINGTHEPROCESSOFMARKETINGPLANNINGWILLHELPEXTENS
8、IONPROFESSIONALSDEVELOPANDMAINTAINAVIABLEFITBETWEENEXTENSIONSOBJECTIVES,RESOURCES,ANDMARKETINGOPPORTUNITIES1AMARKETINGORIENTATIONBEFOREDISCUSSINGTHEROLEOFMARKETINGPLANNINGINTHEMANAGEMENTPROCESS,ITISIMPORTANTTOREVIEWBRIEFLYTHEPHILOSOPHYTHATGUIDESEFFECTIVEANDRESPONSIBLEMARKETINGWHILEMANYEXTENSIONPROGR
9、AMSAREUSINGSOMEMARKETINGTOOLS,THEYARENOTNECESSARILYMARKETINGORIENTEDINSTEAD,MANYEXTENSIONPROFESSIONALSAREPREOCCUPIEDWITHTHEIRPROGRAM,WITHEFFICIENCY,ORWITHPUSHINGCLIENTSTOSELECTEXTENSIONSCURRENTPROGRAMSEXTENSIONPROFESSIONALSMUSTRECOGNIZETHATANEMPHASISONPROGRAMMING,PRODUCTION,ANDSELLINGISONLYPARTOFTHE
10、TASKOFBECOMINGTRULYMARKETINGORIENTEDWHATDISTINGUISHESANEXTENSIONPROGRAMWITHAMARKETINGORIENTATIONASAPPLIEDTOEXTENSION,AMARKETINGORIENTATIONISBASEDONTHREEMAJORPROPOSITIONSCLIENTORIENTATION,COORDINATIONOFALLCLIENTRELATEDACTIVITIES,ANDGOALDIRECTION1CLIENTORIENTATIONMEETINGTHEWANTSANDNEEDSOFCONSTITUENCIE
11、SISTHEKEYTOAMARKETINGORIENTATIONEXTENSIONPROFESSIONALSMUSTSHIFTFROMANINTERNALORGANIZATIONALPERSPECTIVETOTHECLIENTSVIEWPOINTSUCCESSFULMARKETINGOFEXTENSIONSPROGRAMSREQUIRESACOMPLETEUNDERSTANDINGOFEXTENSIONSCLIENTSTHEIRNEEDS,ATTITUDES,ANDBUYINGBEHAVIORFORINSTANCE,EXTENSIONSPECIALISTSWHODESIGNPROGRAMSFO
12、RTHEELDERLYINRURALCOMMUNITIESMUSTKNOWEXACTLYWHATTHENEEDSOFTHEELDERLYAREANDMUSTDEVELOPPROGRAMSWHICHMEETTHESENEEDSTHUS,AMARKETINGORIENTATIONHOLDSTHATTHEMAINTASKOFTHECOOPERATIVEEXTENSIONSYSTEMISTODETERMINETHENEEDSANDWANTSOFTARGETCLIENTELEGROUPSANDTOSATISFYTHEMTHROUGHTHEDESIGN,COMMUNICATION,PRICING,ANDD
13、ELIVERYOFAPPROPRIATEANDCOMPETITIVELYVIABLEPROGRAMSANDSERVICESKOTLERFOX,1985SATISFYINGTARGETEDCLIENTSDOESNOT,HOWEVER,MEANTHATTHEEXTENSIONSYSTEMIGNORESITSMISSIONANDITSDISTINCTIVECOMPETENCIESTOPROVIDEWHATEVERPROGRAMMINGHAPPENSTOBE“HOT“ATTHEMOMENTRATHER,EXTENSIONSEEKSCLIENTS3WHOAREORCOULDBEINTERESTEDINI
14、TSOFFERINGSANDTHENADAPTSTHESEOFFERINGSTOMAKETHEMASATTRACTIVEASPOSSIBLE2COORDINATIONTHESECONDFACETOFAMARKETINGORIENTATIONISCOORDINATIONTHEREMUSTBECLOSECOOPERATIONAMONGALLCOMPONENTSOFANEXTENSIONORGANIZATIONALLPARTICIPANTSINPOLICYANDSTRATEGYFORMULATION,ASWELLASPROGRAMMING,MUSTTAKEAMARKETORIENTEDVIEWOFE
15、XTENSIONSCLIENTSANDOTHERCONSTITUENCIESEXTENSIONMUSTTAKESTEPSTOBECOMEMORERESPONSIVETOITSCLIENTS,SUCHASCONDUCTINGSTUDIESOFCLIENTSATISFACTIONANDOFCLIENTSNEEDSANDPREFERENCES,ASWELLASDEVELOPINGAPPROPRIATEWAYSTORESPONDTOCOMPLAINTSANDSUGGESTIONSFURTHERMORE,MARKETINGNEEDSTOBEINTRODUCEDTOVARIOUSGROUPSINANEXT
16、ENSIONORGANIZATIONINTERNALMARKETINGTRAININGSHOULDFIRSTBEMADEAVAILABLETOTOPEXTENSIONADMINISTRATORSANDADVISORYGROUPSBECAUSETHEIRUNDERSTANDINGANDSUPPORTAREESSENTIALIFMARKETINGISTOBESUCCESSFULLYAPPLIEDBYEXTENSIONADDITIONALTRAININGSESSIONSSHOULDBEDIRECTEDATEXTENSIONSPECIALISTS,COUNTYDIRECTORS,AGENTS,ANDS
17、UPPORTPERSONNELFINALLY,NEWEMPLOYEESSHOULDGOTHROUGHATRAININGPROGRAMTHATEMPHASIZESTHEIMPORTANCEOFCREATINGCLIENTSATISFACTIONINSHORT,COORDINATIONREQUIRESTHATEVERYONEINEXTENSIONUNDERSTANDCLIENTSNEEDSANDTHENBEWILLINGANDABLETOWORKTOGETHERTOSATISFYTHESENEEDSASONEMANAGEMENTEXPERTPUTIT,THE“AIMOFMARKETINGISTOK
18、NOWANDUNDERSTANDTHECLIENTSOWELLTHATTHEPROGRAMORSERVICEFITSTHECLIENTANDSELLSITSELF“DRUCKER,19733GOALORIENTATIONTHETHIRDCORNERSTONEOFAMARKETINGORIENTATIONISGOALDIRECTIONAMARKETINGORIENTATIONSTRESSESTHATTHEONLYWAYEXTENSIONCANACHIEVEITSOWNGOALSISBYSATISFYINGTHENEEDSOFITSCLIENTSFOREXAMPLE,ANEXTENSIONPROG
19、RAMWISHINGTOINCREASETHELEVELOFFUNDINGPROVIDEDBYTHELEGISLATUREFORCOMMUNITYRESOURCEDEVELOPMENTMUSTDEMONSTRATETOLEGISLATORSTHATITISMEETINGTHECOMMUNITYRESOURCEDEVELOPMENTNEEDSOFTHESTATETHISMAYREQUIRETHEDEVELOPMENTOFSPECIALEDUCATIONALPROGRAMSANDACTIVITIESFORLOCALCOMMUNITYLEADERSANDPUBLICOFFICIALSTHUS,THE
20、MAINTASKOFEXTENSIONISTODETERMINETHENEEDS,WANTS,ANDINTERESTSOFITSCLIENTSANDTOADAPTEXTENSIONPROGRAMSTODELIVERCLIENTSATISFACTIONSTHATPRESERVEORENHANCETHECLIENTSANDSOCIETYSWELLBEINGANDLONGTERMINTERESTS2PLANNINGANDMARKETINGMANAGEMENTITHASBEENSAIDTHAT,“IFYOUDONTKNOWWHEREYOUAREGOING,ANYROADWILLTAKEYOUTHERE
21、“ENISCOX,1985THEIMPLICATIONISTHATANEXTENSION4ORGANIZATIONFIRSTNEEDSTODECIDEWHATITWANTSTOACCOMPLISHNEXT,ITMUSTCONSIDERCAREFULLYWHICHPATH,INTERMSOFSTRATEGIESANDPROGRAMMING,ITSHOULDFOLLOWTOACHIEVEITSDESIREDENDSTHUS,STRATEGICMARKETINGPLANNINGPROVIDESAROADMAPFORMEETINGMARKETINGGOALSMARKETINGPLANNINGISTHE
22、SYSTEMATICPROCESSOFDEVELOPINGANDCOORDINATINGMARKETINGDECISIONSBECAUSEMARKETINGDECISIONSAREMADEATTWOMAJORLEVELSINEXTENSIONTOPADMINISTRATIONANDCOUNTYOPERATIONSTHEMARKETINGPLANNINGPROCESSINEXTENSIONMUSTOPERATEATTWOLEVELSCENTRALADMINISTRATIONMARKETINGPLANNINGPROVIDESOVERALLDIRECTIONFORTHEEXTENSIONPROGRA
23、MBYSPECIFYINGTHEPROGRAMSANDSERVICESTHEEXTENSIONORGANIZATIONWILLPROVIDEANDTHECLIENTSANDCONSTITUENCIESITWILLPURSUE,ANDBYESTABLISHINGTHEOBJECTIVESTOBEACHIEVEDBYINDIVIDUALPROGRAMSCOUNTYPLANNINGSPECIFIESTHEDETAILSFORIMPLEMENTINGEXTENSIONSOVERALLMARKETINGPLANONAPROGRAMBYPROGRAMBASISNOTETHATTHECENTRALADMIN
24、ISTRATIONSMARKETINGPLANNINGPROCESSSHOULDPROVIDETHEBASICDIRECTIONFORCOUNTYPROGRAMMING,ANDTHECOUNTYPLANNINGPROCESSSHOULDINTEGRATETHEVARIOUSSPECIALIZEDMARKETINGDECISIONSMADEONBEHALFOFEACHPROGRAMINOTHERWORDS,ALLMARKETINGDECISIONSSHOULDBEMADEINTHECONTEXTOFMARKETINGPLANSONLYINTHISWAYCANASTATEEXTENSIONSYST
25、EMCOORDINATETHESPECIALIZEDCOUNTYMANAGEMENTROLESANDACHIEVEITSOBJECTIVESALTHOUGHMARKETINGPLANNINGFOREXTENSIONTAKESPLACEATBOTHTHESTATEANDCOUNTYLEVEL,FOURBASICSTEPSAREINVOLVEDATEACHLEVELCONDUCTINGASITUATIONANALYSISBEFOREDEVELOPINGANYACTIONPLAN,EXTENSIONDECISIONMAKERSMUSTUNDERSTANDTHECURRENTSITUATIONANDT
26、RENDSAFFECTINGTHEFUTUREOFTHEEXTENSIONSYSTEMINPARTICULAR,THEYMUSTASSESSTHEPROBLEMSANDOPPORTUNITIESPOSEDBYCLIENTS,COMPETITORS,COSTS,ANDGOVERNMENTFUNDINGCHANGESADDITIONALLY,THEYMUSTIDENTIFYTHESTRENGTHSANDWEAKNESSESPOSSESSEDBYTHESTATEEXTENSIONSYSTEMESTABLISHINGOBJECTIVESAFTERCOMPLETINGTHESITUATIONANALYS
27、IS,EXTENSIONDECISIONMAKERSMUSTTHENESTABLISHSPECIFICOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESIDENTIFYTHELEVELOFPERFORMANCEEXTENSIONHOPESTOACHIEVEATSOMEFUTUREDATE,GIVENTHEREALITIESOFTHEENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSANDOPPORTUNITIESANDTHEEXTENSIONSYSTEMSPARTICULARSTRENGTHSANDWEAKNESSESDEVELOPINGSTRATEGIESANDPROGRAMSTOACHIEVETHESTAT
28、EDOBJECTIVES,EXTENSIONDECISIONMAKERSMUSTDEVELOPBOTHSTRATEGIESLONGTERMACTIONSTO5ACHIEVETHEOBJECTIVESANDPROGRAMSSPECIFICSHORTRUNACTIONSTOIMPLEMENTSTRATEGIESPROVIDINGCOORDINATIONANDCONTROLEXTENSIONSCOMPREHENSIVEPLANSOFTENINCLUDEMULTIPLESTRATEGIESANDPROGRAMSEACHSTRATEGYANDEACHPROGRAMMAYBETHERESPONSIBILI
29、TYOFADIFFERENTEXTENSIONDECISIONMAKERTHUS,SOMEMECHANISMMUSTBEDEVELOPEDTOASSURETHATTHESTRATEGIESANDPROGRAMSAREEFFECTIVELYIMPLEMENTEDEXTENSIONORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURESSTATE,DISTRICT,ANDCOUNTYANDBUDGETSARETHEPRIMARYMEANSOFCOORDINATINGACTIONSCONTROLISALSOESSENTIALBECAUSETHESUCCESSOFSTRATEGIESANDPROGRAMSCA
30、NNEVERBEPREDICTEDWITHANYCERTAINTYTHEPURPOSEOFCONTROLISTOEVALUATETHEDEGREETOWHICHPROGRESSTOWARDANOBJECTIVEISBEINGMADEANDTOPINPOINTTHECAUSESOFANYFAILURETOACHIEVEOBJECTIVESSOTHATREMEDIALACTIONSCANBETAKENONEFURTHERPOINTABOUTMARKETINGPLANNINGSHOULDBENOTEDMARKETINGPLANNINGISAPROCESSSTATEEXTENSIONSYSTEMSOP
31、ERATEINCOMPLEXANDDYNAMICENVIRONMENTSTHEREFORE,MARKETINGPLANSCANNOTBECASTINSTONEEACHEXTENSIONSYSTEMMUSTLOOKAHEADANDDEVELOPLONGTERMSTRATEGIESTOMEETTHECHANGINGCONDITIONSITENCOUNTERSNOONESTRATEGYISBESTEACHEXTENSIONSYSTEMMUSTFINDTHEGAMEPLANTHATMAKESTHEMOSTSENSEGIVENITSSITUATION,OPPORTUNITIES,OBJECTIVES,A
32、NDRESOURCESTHEDIFFICULTTASKOFSELECTINGANOVERALLSTRATEGYWITHSUFFICIENTFLEXIBILITYTOINSURELONGRUNSURVIVALANDGROWTHISONEOFEXTENSIONSMOSTIMPORTANTPLANNINGFUNCTIONS3CONCLUSIONSDEVELOPINGAMARKETINGORIENTATIONSERVESASTHEBASISFORAPPLYINGMARKETINGMANAGEMENTTECHNIQUESINANEXTENSIONSYSTEMWITHOUTGIVINGEFFECTIVEA
33、TTENTIONTOCLIENTNEEDS,MARKETINGANDTHEOTHERMANAGEMENTFUNCTIONSWILLLACKTHEDIRECTIONNEEDEDFORSUCCESSHOWEVER,IMPLEMENTINGAMARKETINGORIENTATIONINANEXTENSIONSYSTEMISNOTASIMPLEMATTEREXTENSIONSYSTEMSAREFACEDWITHMANYALTERNATIVEMARKETSANDCLIENTS,ANDAVASTARRAYOFALTERNATIVEPOLICIESANDPROGRAMSFORMEETINGCLIENTNEE
34、DSEXTENSIONCANNOTPURSUEALLPOSSIBLECLIENTS,ANDALLPOSSIBLEACTIONSCANNOTBETAKEN,BECAUSEHUMANANDFINANCIALRESOURCESARELIMITEDANDDONOTPERMITSUCHEXTRAVAGANCECONSEQUENTLY,THISARTICLEHASSUGGESTEDTHEUSEOFAPLANNINGAPPROACHTHATGUARANTEESAMORECLIENTORIENTEDEXTENSIONPROGRAMCONDUCTINGASITUATION6ANALYSIS,SETTINGOBJ
35、ECTIVES,ANDTHENDEVELOPINGSTRATEGIESANDPROGRAMSIMPROVESTHECHANCESFORCHOOSINGTHEBESTMARKETINGPOLICIESINSUMMARY,THEAPPLICATIONOFMARKETINGPLANNINGTECHNIQUESBYEXTENSIONDECISIONMAKERSWILLGIVEEXTENSIONASTRONGCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEAMONGITSTARGETCLIENTELEANDCONSTITUENCIESTHEUSEOFMARKETINGANALYSIS,PLANNING,IMPL
36、EMENTATION,ANDCONTROLWILLIMPROVEEXTENSIONSABILITYTOWATCHANDADAPTTOTHEMANYFORCESINITSMARKETINGENVIRONMENTASARESULT,EXTENSIONWILLBEINABETTERPOSITIONTOSENSE,SERVE,ANDSATISFYALLOFITSTARGETCLIENTS译文标题营销推广资料来源营销推广系统规划作者VGLENNCHAPPELL市场营销策划的目的是制定营销策略,将帮助组织实现其总体目标。需要一个有效的营销策划营销导向的三个命题为基础客户定位,客户端的相关活动的协调和目标方
37、向。本文提出的四步营销策划过程,保证了市场取向,提高了选择最合适的推广方案最好的营销策略的机会。最近,在华盛顿州的推广专家采用直接邮寄的方法来吸引年轻的家庭主妇对家族企业的会议。佛罗里达州扩大食品和营养计划(EFNEP)专家聘请的推销术,以帮助营养教育EFNEP辅助人员招募家庭主妇的原则。社区领导在格鲁吉亚程序中使用的广告牌,T恤,气球,和按钮,以促进领导培训计划。在北卡罗莱纳州4H的程序使用了一个电视广告活动,创建系统的认识“产品线”。这些只是众多支线各地已成功地应用在过去几年的营销思路(TOPOR,1988年)国家方案的几个例子。作为推广人员应对所面临的问题在20世纪90年代美国,许多人会
38、越来越多地转向营销作为吸引负责人,志愿者和客户等问题的帮助,加强与推广客户满意度,设计的进行扩展的任务出色的方案,并争取金融和政治支持,以及客户,政府官员的热情,以及其他相关团体。有效的市场营销并不仅仅发生,但是。有没有神奇的公式或营销的秘密。专业人士也将延期不能够适应一些困难企业的营销思路扩展的计划。像所有的管理活动,行销必须加以规划,组织和控制。它包括设计推广方案,以满足需求和目标客户的愿望和使用有效的定价,通信和分配通知,激励和服务客户。本文的目的是提供一个以引进推广营销策划的专业人士。市场营销策划过程将有助于开发和推广的专业人士之间保持扩展的目标,资源和可行的适合市场机遇。71一个营销
39、导向在讨论在管理过程中的营销策划的作用,重要的是要简单回顾一下的理念,指导有效的和负责任的营销。虽然很多推广方案使用的是一些营销工具,他们不一定是市场导向。相反,许多专业人士推广预装了他们的计划被占领的,有效率,或与推动客户选择扩展的现有方案。扩展专业人员必须认识到,编程,生产,销售的重点是只有成为真正的市场营销为导向的任务的一部分。有什么区别与营销方向扩展计划适用于延伸,营销方向是基于三个主要命题客户导向,所有客户相关活动的协调,和目标方向。1客户定位会议的需要和团体的需求就是一个市场取向的关键。扩展专业人员必须从内部组织的角度对客户的观点。扩建的方案的成功营销需要一个扩展的客户全面的了解他
40、们的需求,态度和购买行为。举例来说,推广专家为老人谁设计方案在农村社区必须确切地知道老人的需求,必须制定计划,满足这些需求。因此,一个营销导向认为,合作社的农技推广体系的主要任务是确定的需求和目标客户群体的需要和满足通过设计,沟通,定价和交付适当和可行的方案和服务的竞争力(科特勒他们与福克斯,1985)。满足目标客户,但不,意味着该扩展系统忽略它的使命,其独特的能力,以提供任何编程恰好是“热”的时刻。相反,谁是客户要求延期或可能在其产品感兴趣,然后适应这些产品,使他们尽可能的吸引力。2协调一个营销导向的第二个方面是协调。必须有密切合作的一个推广机构的所有组件。所有政策和战略制定的参与者,以及规
41、划,必须采取一系列扩展的客户及其他界别的以市场为导向的看法。扩展必须采取步骤,成为更加适应客户,如客户满意度进行的研究和客户的需求和喜好,以及制订适当的回应方式的投诉和建议。此外,市场需求被引入在扩展组织的各种团体。内部营销培训首先应提供给管理员和咨询顶部推广群体,因为他们的理解和支持是必不可少的,如果市场营销是成功的推广应用。额外的培训会议应针对推广专家,县董事,代理和技术支持人员。最后,新员工应该通过一个培训方案,强调了创建客户满意的重要性。总之,协调,需要在扩展了解客户的需求,然后愿意和能够共同努力来满足这些需求的每一个人。正如一位管理专家所说,“营销的目的是要了解和理解客户端,以便清楚
42、,程序或服务适合自身的客户和销售”(德鲁克,1973)。3目标取向一个营销导向的第三个基石是目标的方向。一个营销导向强调,只有这样扩展可达到自己的目标,通过满足客户的需求是。例如,一个推广计划希望增8加资金由社区资源开发必须向立法会议员,这是符合社会资源发展的国家需要立法规定的水平。这可能需要特殊的教育方案和当地社区领袖和政府官员活动的发展。因此,推广的主要任务是确定的需要,愿望和客户的利益,适应推广方案,提供客户满意的维持或提高客户的和社会的福祉和长远利益。2规划和营销管理有人说,“如果你不知道你要去哪里,任何道路将带您有”(尼斯考克斯,1985)。其含义是,首先需要一个推广机构来决定它想要
43、达到的目标。其次,它必须仔细考虑该走的路在战略和方案而言,它应遵循达到预期目的。因此,战略营销策划提供了一个会议营销目标的路线图。营销策划是营销决策和协调发展的系统过程。高级政府和县级业务由于市场决策是在两大支线各级作出了拓营销策划操作过程必须在两个层次。中央行政营销策划推广计划提供了通过指定的方案和服务的提供和推广机构的客户和支持者将追求,通过建立目标得以实现的具体方案的整体方向。县规划规定了实施推广的整体营销计划的细节方案逐个方案的基础。请注意,中央管理的营销策划过程中应提供县级编程的基本方向,县规划过程应整合各种专业营销代表对每个方案所作出的决定。换句话说,所有的营销决策应在营销计划的范
44、围内。只有这样,才能在一个国家推广体系的协调管理作用和专门县实现其目标。虽然营销扩建规划都发生在国家和地方县一级,涉及四个基本步骤,在每个级别进行情况分析。任何行动之前制定计划,扩展决策者必须了解当前的形势和趋势影响未来的推广体系。特别是,他们必须评估的问题和客户,竞争对手,成本和政府拨款变化带来的机遇。此外,他们必须找出优势和推广体系由国家拥有的弱点。制定目标。完成后的情况分析,扩展决策者必须然后确定具体的目标。目标识别的性能水平扩展希望实现在未来某个日期,考虑到环境问题和机会,并推广体系的特殊优势和劣势的现实。制定战略和方案。为了实现上述目标,扩展决策者必须同时发展战略(长期行动来实现的目
45、标)和计划(具体行动,以实现短期战略)。提供协调和控制。扩展的全面计划通常包括多个战略和方案。每个战略和每个方案可能是一个不同的扩展决策者的责任。因此,必须制定一些机制来保证,战略和方案得到有效实施。扩展的组织结构(州,区,县)和预算协调行动的主要手段。控制也是必要的,因为战略和计划的成功不能与任何肯定的预测。管制的目的是评估在何种程度上向目标正在取得进展,并针对任何失败的原因,以便为实现目标可采取的补救行动。9一个关于营销策划还有一点必须注意的。营销策划是一个过程。国家推广系统操作复杂和动态的环境。因此,营销计划不能投石头。每个扩展系统必须向前看,发展长期战略,以满足不断变化的条件下接触。没
46、有一个策略是最好的。每个扩展系统必须找到比赛计划,使最有意义鉴于其形势,机遇,目标和资源。挑选具有足够的灵活性,以确保长期生存和发展的总体战略艰巨的任务是扩展的最重要的规划职能之一。3结论开发一个营销导向充当一个扩展系统应用在营销管理技术的基础。如果没有给予有效的关注客户的需求,市场推广和其他管理职能缺乏成功所需要的方向。然而,在实施推广体系的营销方向是不是一个简单的事情。推广系统面临着许多其他市场和客户,以及其他政策和方案以满足客户的需求繁多。扩展不能采取一切可能的客户,以及所有可能的行动,更不容许的,因为人力和财力资源是有限的,也不允许这样的奢侈。因此,本文提出了一个规划的方法,保证了更加以客户为导向的扩展程序使用。进行情况分析,设定目标,然后制定战略和方案提高了选择最佳的营销政策的机会。总之,市场营销策划技术推而广之决策者的应用推广将给各服务对象和服务对象的一个强有力的竞争优势。市场营销分析,策划,实施,将改善和控制使用扩展的能力,观察和适应其营销环境的许多力量。因此,推广将在一个更有利的地位来检测,服务,满足所有客户的目标。