1、1外文翻译原文TITLETHERISINGCHINESECARMARKETSOURCESPRINGERLIBTSINGHUAEDUCNAUTHERAROTHACHER10INTRODUCTIONASKEDWHICHAUTOMAKERWILLWINCHINA,MORETHANONEANALYSTORACCOUNTANTSAYSSIMPLY,“CHINAWILLWIN“YES,THEWORLDSFASTESTGROWINGAUTOMARKETTANTALIZESAUTOMAKERSWITHITSPOTENTIALFORGROWTHANDPROFITSAMERICANAUTOMAKERSSEECHI
2、NAASAGROWTHMARKETTHATCOULDHELPMAKEUPFORFALLINGPROFITSATHOMETHEYARENTALONEJAPANESEANDEUROPEANCARMAKERSALSOHAVEHIGHHOPESFORCHINAVOLKSWAGENOTCVLKAYNEWSPEOPLE,EUROPESLARGESTCARCOMPANY,NOWSELLSMORECARSINCHINATHANITDOESINITSHOMEMARKETOFGERMANYBUTTHEREALBENEFICIARYOFTHEAUTOMOTIVEINVESTMENTWILLBECHINAITSELF
3、,WHICHISBUILDINGITSOWNCARBUSINESSWITHTHEHELPOFFOREIGNINVESTORS,WHO,ACCORDINGTOALAWSTIPULATINGTHATANINDIVIDUALFOREIGNINVESTORMAYNOTOWNMORETHAN50OFACHINESEMANUFACTURER,MUSTPARTNERWITHCHINESECOMPANIESTOENTERTHEMARKETTHANKSTOADVANTAGEOUSLAWSLIKETHISONEANDTHEFINANCIALANDREGULATORYBACKINGOFTHEGOVERNMENT,A
4、SWELLASCHINASGROWINGECONOMY,LOWLABORCOSTSANDENORMOUSPOPULATION,THECHINESEAUTOMOTIVELANDSCAPECOULDULTIMATELYRESEMBLETHATOFJAPANORSOUTHKOREADEVELOPEDWITHTHEHELPOFTHEWEST,WITHWESTERNINVESTORSGRADUALLYREDUCEDTOMINORPLAYERSTODAYTHEREAREMORETHANADOZENSTATERUNAUTOMAKERSINCHINASTILL,EVENIFTHEYHAVENOTBEENABL
5、ETOSETUPSTANDALONESHOPSTHERE,FOREIGNAUTOMAKERSSALIVATEOVERTHEPOTENTIALINCHINAEVENIFTHECHINESEECONOMYISSTILLINMANYWAYSUNDERDEVELOPEDGENERALMOTORSNYSEGMNEWSPEOPLEESTIMATESTHAT74MILLIONCHINESEFAMILIESABOUT20OFTHEPOPULATIONCANAFFORDTOBUYCARS,EVENIFPERCAPITAANNUALINCOMEINCHINAISONLY930INTHECITIESAND299IN
6、THECOUNTRYTHIS20OFTHEPOPULATIONTHATCANBUYCARSHOLDSABOUT80OFTHESAVINGSDEPOSITSINCHINACARSARENOTMOREAFFORDABLEINCHINA,BUTTHE2CHINESEAREGREATSAVERS,ANDCREDITHASBECOMEEASILYAVAILABLEINTHELASTCOUPLEOFYEARSTHEAUTOBUSINESSISGROWINGINCHINAATACONSIDERABLYHIGHERRATETHANTHEGDPTHEREACCORDINGTOTHECHINAASSOCIATIO
7、NOFAUTOMOBILEMANUFACTURERS,PRODUCTIONFORTHEFIRSTEIGHTMONTHSOF2003HASBEEN2,781,800UNITS,UP36FROMTHESAMEEIGHTMONTHSIN2002FORPASSENGERCARSALONE,OUTPUTACCELERATEDALMOST92TO1,223,400UNITSTHROUGHTHESTARTOFTHISMONTHTHEHIGHWAYINFRASTRUCTUREALSOCONTINUESTOEXPAND,EVENIFTHEQUALITYOFTHEROADSISIMPROVINGATADISPRO
8、PORTIONATELYSLOWERRATETHEUSDEPARTMENTOFSTATEASSESSESROADCONDITIONSANDMAINTENANCEINCHINAASGOODINURBANSETTINGSANDONLYFAIRINRURALAREASITALSOPOINTSOUTTHATTHEAVAILABILITYOFROADSIDEASSISTANCEISONLYFAIRINORNEARLARGECITIESANDNONEXISTENTINRURALAREASDESPITETHIS,THETOTALLENGTHOFHIGHWAYSINCHINARANKEDSECONDAMONG
9、NATIONSATTHEENDOF2002IN1997,CHINAWAS39THALLOFTHISGROWTHMIGHTSEEMTOSUGGESTTHATTHEAUTOBUSINESSINCHINAWILLBECROWDEDWITHMOREFOREIGNINVESTORSASTIMEGOESON,BUTCHINABELIEVESTHEREAREAFIXEDNUMBEROFLEADERSHIPPOSITIONSTOBEHADTHERETHETENTHFIVEYEARDEVELOPMENTPLANFORTHEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRY,ISSUEDBYCHINASSTATEECONOMI
10、CANDTRADECOMMISSIONANDCOVERING2001THROUGH2005,SAYSTHAT“THEREWILLBETWOTOTHREELARGEAUTOMOTIVEGROUPSTHATHAVECONSIDERABLESTRENGTHININTERNATIONALCOMPETITIONBY2005AUTOMARKETINGANDAFTERSALESSERVICESYSTEMSTHATCONFORMTOINTERNATIONALSTANDARDSWILLTAKESHAPE,ANDTHEDOMESTICMARKETSHARESOFPRODUCTSWILLEXCEED70,WITHS
11、OMEFOREXPORTFIVETOTENLARGEAUTOPARTSENTERPRISEGROUPSWITHCOMPETITIVENESSONTHEINTERNATIONALMARKETWILLBEFORMEDTHETOPTHREEKEYPARTSPRODUCERSWILLOCCUPY70OFTHEHOMEMARKET,ANDTHEVALUEOFEXPORTSOFPARTSANDACCESSORIESWILLMAKEUP20OFTHETOTALSALESVOLUME“WHOWILLTHESETWOORTHREELARGEAUTOMOTIVEGROUPSBEMOREIMPORTANT,WHAT
12、DOESTHISMEANFORFOREIGNAUTOMAKERSTHEBIGGESTCHINESEAUTOMAKERRIGHTNOW,FIRSTAUTOWORKS,HASPARTNERSHIPSWITHVOLKSWAGENANDTOYOTANYSETMNEWSPEOPLEOFTHEFOREIGNPLAYERS,VOLKSWAGENISSTILLTHELEADERINCHINA,ALTHOUGHITSMARKETSHAREHASSLIPPEDTOUNDERONETHIRDTHISISINSPITEOFTHEFACTTHAT,INTHEFIRSTNINEMONTHSOF2003,VOLKSWAGE
13、NSCHINESESALESRATEINCREASEDBY33OVERTHESAMEPERIODIN2002GENERALMOTORS,WITHAMARKETSHAREOFLESSTHAN10,ISTHESECONDBIGGEST3FOREIGNAUTOMAKERINCHINARIGHTNOWITSSALESINCREASEDBYABOUT38INTHEFIRSTNINEMONTHSOF2003,OWINGLARGELYTOASTRATEGYTHATCALLSFORINTRODUCINGNEWPRODUCTSINCHINAANDTHENREVISINGTHEMQUICKLYFORDMOTORN
14、YSEFNEWSPEOPLEHASBEENLATEINENTERINGCHINAANDISSTRUGGLINGTOGETOFFTHEGROUNDTHERETOYOTAISSELLINGCARS,ALTHOUGHITISNOTNEARLYASWELLENTRENCHEDINCHINAASHONDANYSEHMCNEWSPEOPLENISSANNASDAQNSANYNEWSPEOPLEISMAKINGNEWINVESTMENTSOFABOUT2BILLIONINITSCHINESEENTERPRISES,ANDHYUNDAIISINVESTINGABOUT1BILLIONCOMPANIESLIKE
15、VOLKSWAGEN,GMANDHONDAARGUABLYTHETHREEWITHTHEMOSTMOMENTUMINCHINAAREFINDINGTHATTHEIRCAPACITYCANNOTKEEPUPWITHDEMANDINTHECOUNTRYHONDASVEHICLESTAKEFROMAWEEKTOAMONTHFORDELIVERYTHERECHINADOESNOTHAVEANESTABLISHEDDELIVERYINFRASTRUCTURE,ORTHEHORDESOFDELIVERYTRUCKSAVAILABLEINAMERICATOHELPEASETHEBACKLOG,THEBIGT
16、HREEAMERICANAUTOMAKERSAREPLANNINGTOFEEDTHEMARKETWITHTHOUSANDSOFIMPORTEDCARS,BUILTINAMERICA,BEFORE2006THESEWILLCOMPLEMENTTHEEXTENSIVEEFFORTSTHEYAREALREADYMAKINGTOBUILDCARSONCHINESESOIL,WITHCHINESEPARTNERSRIGHTNOW,SUCCESSINCHINACANBECONSIDEREDMOREAMATTEROFMARKETSHARETHANPROFITABILITY,ACCORDINGTOANASIA
17、BASEDAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYANALYSTWHOINSISTEDONSPEAKINGANONYMOUSLYTHEANALYSTSAYSTHATTHISSTRATEGYOCCUPYAPOSITIONANDWEARDOWNYOUROPPONENTSTEMSFROMSUNTZUSTHEARTOFWARTHATTHEASIANAUTOMAKERSTENDTOHAVEMOREPATIENCEFORTHISSORTOFTHINGANDTHATWESTERNAUTOMAKERS,WHOAREUNDERPRESSURETOREPORTQUARTERLYPROFITS,MAYHAVEAHARD
18、TIMETURNINGTHEFOCUSTOMARKETSHAREBUTSOMEHAVESPECULATEDTHATTHERAPIDGROWTHOFCHINASAUTOBUSINESSISABUBBLETHATWILLEVENTUALLYBURST,ANDFLOODINGTHECHINESEMARKETWITHCARSCOULDBEMOREPROBLEMATICTHANAUTOMAKERSEXPECT“THEREISNTTOOMUCHCAPACITYRIGHTNOW,“SAYSLUND,“BUTTHEANNOUNCEDINCREASESINTHENEXTTHREETOFIVEYEARSAREGO
19、INGTOOUTPACEDEMANDTHATSTHEBIGCONCERN“SPECIFICALLY,THECONCERNINVOLVESTHEPOTENTIALFORCHEAPCHINESECARSTOBEEXPORTEDOVERSEAS,ANDTHEPOSSIBILITYTHATTHEREWONTBEENOUGHPEOPLEABLETOAFFORDTHECARSTOSUSTAINPRODUCTIONLEVELSINFIVEYEARSONEGOALOFTHEPLANNEDINCREASESINCAPACITYISTOGIVEAUTOMAKERSACHANCETOROUNDOUTTHEIRLIN
20、EUPS,ANDTOSELLMOREMODERNPRODUCTSCHINASENTRYINTOTHEWORLDTRADEORGANIZATIONIN2001CURBEDITSTENDENCYTOSELLDATEDCARS,ANDCHINESECONSUMERSWITHINCREASINGAMOUNTSOFDISCRETIONARYINCOMENOWDEMAND4THELATESTANDGREATESTPRODUCTSASPARTOFITSACCEPTANCEINTOTHEWTO,CHINAHADTOLIFTRESTRICTIONSONIMPORTEDCARS,MAKINGITSOWNINFER
21、IOR,OLDERCARSNOLONGERSALABLEFORALONGTIME,THECHINESEPROTECTEDTHEIRLOCALINDUSTRYBYPROHIBITINGOROUTRAGEOUSLYTAXINGPRODUCTSASTRATEGYEMPLOYEDBYMALAYSIAANDVIETNAMTHEWTOHASCHANGEDTHISSTRATEGY,ANDCHINANOWINVITESFOREIGNERSTOIMPORTTHEIRCARSPROVIDEDTHATTHEYALSOMAKECARSONCHINESESOILANALYSTSDOAGREETHATCHINESEBUI
22、LTCARSAREGETTINGBETTERMOREIMPORTANT,THEYAREBEINGPRODUCEDATRATESTHATEXCEEDTHEALREADYBLISTERINGGROWTHRATESOFTHECHINESEECONOMYINGENERALGENERALMOTORS,VOLKSWAGENANDHONDAMAYBETHECOMPANIESTOWATCHRIGHTNOW,BUTTHEYCANNOTBECONSIDEREDVALIDANSWERSTOTHEQUESTIONOFWHOWILLWINTHEAUTOMOTIVERACEINCHINACOMPARATIVELYSPEA
23、KING,CHINAWILLBETHEONLYWINNERAFTERCHINABEGINSTOEXPORTCARSENMASSETOJAPANANDKOREA,EXPECTITTOHEADTOAMERICAYOUCANWALKINTOANAPPLIANCESTORETODAYANDWALKOUTWITHAHAIERREFRIGERATORORALENOVOPDABOTHCHINESEBRANDSTENYEARSAGOYOUCOULDNTHAVEFOUNDEITHERWITHINANOTHERDECADEORSOITMAYBEONLYFIVEYEARSAMERICANSMAYBESEEINGCH
24、INESECARSINTHEIRAUTOSHOWROOMSTOO译文标题中国日趋增长的汽车市场资料来源SPRINGERLIBTSINGHUAEDUCN作者AROTHACHER不只一位分析家或会计说“中国将是世界上最大的汽车市场。”是的,中国这个世界上发展最快的汽车市场,几年来一直实现利润持续增长。美国汽车制造商把中国看成是不断增长的“留学生市场”。它能帮助弥补美国国内汽车市场利润下降的处境。日本和欧洲也坐不住了,也想要在中国分一杯羹。大众欧洲最大的汽车公司,在中国卖的车比在自己国内卖出去的还要多。但是真正的受益人,会是中国本身。这也是在建造自己汽车行业的外国投资者的帮助下取得的。根据法律规定,
25、个人外国投资者必须有超过50的中国制造商合作伙伴的股份才能一起进入该市场。由于有利的法律以及政府的支持,加上中国经济的发展、劳动力成本低、庞大的人口基数,中国汽车景观最终会像日本或韩国发达国家一样。在西方投资者的帮助下,中国国内已经有10多个汽车制造商了。5尽管如此,即使他们不能够建立独立的商店,外国汽车制造商在中国的结局可能是即使中国经济仍在许多方面不发达,但是仍然能获得很多利润。通用汽车估计,74万中国人家庭约20的人口可以买得起汽车(即使在中国人均年收入仅为930元每年的城市)。这20可以买汽车的人在中国创造了80的储蓄存款。在中国,汽车并不是什么容易负担的东西,但是中国是伟大的储蓄国,
26、在过去几年和信贷已经成为两大重头戏。汽车业务在中国国内生产总值所占的比例比国外高出很多。根据中国汽车制造协会评估,生产头八个月已经有2,781,800家单位。2003年比2002年的头八个月又多出了36,客车输出提高到1,223,400提高了92,几乎是加速直线上升。公路基础设施也在不断扩大,即使中国现在道路质量不好,汽车车速过慢,但是美国部门评估的路况表明中国城市设置情况是很好的。他还指出,可用的才是公路,大城市要帮助附近弱小的农村地区建造道路。这样才能更加扩大汽车市场。尽管如此,在2002年底,中国公路的总长度已经在世界上排名第二。而在1997年,中国才排名第39。所有这些增长似乎显示出中
27、国的汽车市场将会非常火爆,更多的国外投资者将会进入中国。但是随着时间的推移,中国国内会达到饱和。中国的国家经济贸易委员会发布说十五发展计划用于汽车业。覆盖2001年到2005年,将会有两到三个大汽车集团在国际竞争中具有相当实力。到2005年,汽车的销售、售后服务系统便会形成,并且符合国际标准。五到十个大型汽车零部件企业集团在国际市场上将很具有竞争性。生产商的三大关键零部件必占据70的国内市场。出口零配件将占总销售额的百分之二十。通用汽车,是全球第二大汽车制造商,但是在中国的市场占有率达不到10。在国外其销售量上升了约有38。通用打算在中国赶快制定一个新的策略以应对2003年前9个月的中国市场。
28、福特汽车已经在中国迟到并努力起步。丰田也不像往常一样在中国根深蒂固。本田日产更是在中国新投资20亿美元左右,现代投资约10亿美元,它们都是为了想要牢牢地拿下中国市场。很多公司,如大众、通用和本田发现他们跟不上在乡下的需求能力。本田的车辆要从一个星期、一个月的交货中国不不像美国有一个既定的交货的基础设施来缓解这一积累。三大汽车制造商正打算喂市场,因此它们建立了成千上万在中国的进口汽车公司。到2006年之前,这些将广泛开展补充,他们已经在中国的土地上与中国的合作伙伴生产汽车。现在,在国内取得的成功经验可以被认为是获得更多市场份额、盈利更多。根据一位亚洲汽车工业分析师表示,亚洲汽车制造商往往会有更多
29、的耐心做这6样的事情。西方汽车制造商,只会在压力之下报告季度盈利,可能很难有时间把焦点放在市场份额上。但是一些人推测迅猛发展中国的汽车企业是一个泡沫,这最后终将破灭。中国汽车市场由于发展太快而有些畸形。力朗说,现在,中国国内涌入的汽车生产商太多了。这段时间不会有足够的人能买得起汽车以便让国外在中国的投资公司维持生产。中国于2001年加入世贸组织,控制了其出售汽车,这和中国消费者有大量的可支配收入要求购买最新和最好的产品不无关系。接受、参与、加入世贸组织后,中国已经解除限制,向国内进口不再畅销的低、老汽车。很长一段时间以来,中国保护当地的工业产品。世贸组织改变了这个策略,中国现在邀请外国人并依赖进口汽车,但他们在中国的土地上还制造汽车。分析师都同意中国汽车市场正在好转。更重要的是,它们产生的速率增长速度超过中国整体的经济情况。通用汽车、大众和本田公司无法找到有效的答案来证明谁将赢得中国的汽车市场。相对而言,中国将成为唯一赢家。中国开始成群的往日本韩国出口汽车并期望也往美国出口。你们今天能够走进商店买中国品牌海尔电冰箱或者联想PDA。十年前,我们没有想到会有这种情况发生。也许在另一个十年左右,可能仅仅5年,当中国人学会了如何制造高水准的汽车的时候,外国也会买中国出口的汽车了。