1、8B Unit 1 Language points姓名_1. past n. 过去：in the past/ forget his past / go back to the past 回到过去 prep. walk past / pass the cinema adj. 过去的： Dont worry about past mistakes.2. present n. 目前，现在: at present / the present , the future adj. 现在的，在场的，出席的, 目前的：How many people were present at the meeting? 礼
2、物 ：=gift 3. just 正当： just at that moment 仅，只是: I just did it for fun. 刚 （用现在完成时）: He has just read the book.4. over 在期间: over/ during /in the past 100 years / over the past century (two centuries )Yangzhou has changed a lot over the past 20 years.=There have been great changes in Yangzhou in the pas
3、t 20 years.There have been many changes to this place over the years. fly over the clouds 飞过云彩5. air transport 空运， road transport 陆运different forms of transport at different timesThis box is three times heavier than that one. (倍数)6. since 主句 (用现在完成时) since +一般过去时They have lived there (ever) since I
4、first saw them. They have lived there since then (自那以来).They have lived there since two years ago. / They have lived there since 1920. Its / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 时间状语从句Its / has been three months since he moved to this city. 一段时间 + has passed since + 时间状语从句 Three months has passed since he m
5、oved to this city. (三个月看成一个整体)7. interview n. have an interview with sb （two interviews） interview sb ：They interviewed twenty people for the job.8. move here / move house 搬家 / move out of the flat move to/ into the centre of town too much move ment (n. )9. until (可以放句首) tillUntil this morning, he d
6、idnt move house.10. marry (marries, married, marrying) Tom and Mary were/ got married two years ago. Tom got married to Mary two years ago.Tom married Mary two years ago. get/ be married to sbTom and Mary have been married for two years.Tom has been married to Mary since two years ago.11. It has cha
7、nged a lot over the years (数年来). =There have been great changes over the years.12. turn/ change the place into a park13. play Chinese chess / play cards / play games 14. The trip was pleasant(主语为 sth). I was pleased with the two performances.15. in the centre of town = in the town centre16. at weeke
8、nds = at the weekend / on weekdays17. dump its waste into the river (dumped, dumping)18. waste: 垃圾： much waste浪费： Dont waste your time and energy on the games. waste time / a waste of time (n.)19.alone lonely 的区别: alone: I found himself alone in the room. lonely 孤独的，寂寞的，荒凉的: a lonely old man / in a
9、lonely island (岛)20. reduce (reduced, reducing) ：She reduced the price of books.21. realize 实现： realize his hope /plan意识到： realize his mistakes / He realized (that) he polluted water.22. in some ways 在某些方面 (in a way)23. throw (threw, thrown): something useless and is thrown away23. used to do sth (过
10、去常常): -“Do you play chess?“ -“No, but I used to.“There used to be a river nearby.He used to come.否定式: He usednt to come. 他过去不常来。 =He didnt use to come.一般疑问句：Used he to come? Yes, he used to.Did he use to come? Yes, he did.24. dump its waste into the river (dumped)25. a bit a little共同点： a bit thirsty
11、= a little thirsty (形容词)不同点：a bit of bread = a little bread （不可数名词） not a bit 一点也不 not a little 非常，很He didnt feel a bit sorry. 他一点也不觉得难过。26. from time to time / at times= sometimes / now and then27. describe : Words cant describe her beauty28. as well 也,又;同样地 (用在句末) : He likes singing as well. as we
12、ll as 也；不但 .而且.He likes singing as well as dancing.29. How well do you know Sunshine Town?=How much do you know about Sunshine Town?30. poison -poisonous （adj.）31. as often as before 像平常一样经常32. be lucky enough to see the changes to （luck luckyluckily）-lucky (luckier, luckiest) ; unlucky (unluckier,
13、unluckiest)33. move next to the park 34. because of being alone35. (adv. 特别，尤其)especially in a place36. opposite: adj. 相反的: drive in the opposite direction n. 反义词： Whats the opposite of big? prep. The store is opposite the station.37. talk about an exhibition - be on show =be on exhibition 在展览38. st
14、ay there for a whole week to enjoy the sun and the beach39. Its the best model (that) I have ever seen.40. The railway station has been in service since last Friday / since 1988.=The railway station has been in use since last Friday. （be in service =be in use）v. She was serving in the kitchen when t
15、he light went out. (serve the people 为人民服务)41. I have the same feeling. ( have good eyesight, hearing and smell)42. Im happy that she has time to relax more. learn to relax oneself 学会自我放松 (relaxes, relaxed) feel relaxed ( relaxed 为形容词，修饰人)43. a new tourist attraction 一个新的旅游胜地44. Please show me how t
16、o get to the railway station.=Please show me how I can get to the railway station.45. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought many advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people.-cause the plants to die 引起- Whats the cause of the fire? 原因46. a recent photo of your home town / in r
17、ecent years recently (adj.) : He has been to Shanghai recently.47. When were the photos taken? 被拍 48. look it/ them up in these dictionaries (look up 查阅)49. fresh fresher, freshest : fresh air fresh water 淡水50. develop (developed, developing): develop the shop 扩大这个商店With the development of our count
18、ry China is a developing country. 发展中国家America is a developed country. 发达国家。51. lend (lent) : lend sb sth =lend sth to sbHe lent a dictionary to me just now.=I borrowed a dictionary from him just now. borrow, lend 都是短暂性动词， keep 是延续性动词。Eg. He has kept the book for a day. （keep 意思为借）52. free in my fre
19、e time 在我的空余时间免费的： All the food is free. 自由的： We can use English freely.53. start with our party with an English song (end with)54. live a modern life 过都市生活 (live a happy/ poor life)55. almost, nearly 都是副词，意为“几乎，差不多”almost 可以修饰 nothing, nobody, nowhere, no one, none, never 等词，nearly 则不行。Eg. The book
20、 cost me almost 60 yuan. I nearly didnt hear what the teacher said in class. 56. 现在完成时的构成：have (has) + 动词的过去分词注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，不规则变化则须单独记忆，见过去分词表。用法：1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、 “过”、 “了” 等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever，rece
21、ntly, so far (到目前为止) ，over the past few years, 次数： once, twice, three times 等状语连用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? - Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my math book. 2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许
22、还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如 for、现在完成时+since 等引导的时间状语。 （注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three yearssince+过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week， since then, since 2010since+一般过去时态的时间状语从句: since you came , since you got home.注意:for 和 since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away sinc
23、e last week.He has been away for one week.对划线部分提问都用 How long3. have been (to)和 have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“ 曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。 比较：He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，不在北京）He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。 （人已走，不在这儿） 。一般过去时
24、与现在完成时之比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in the past years 等不确定的时间状语。请认
25、真分析比较下列各例句：I saw this film yesterday. （只说明动作发生在过去。 ）I dont want to see the film. I have seen it. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） I want to ask Lucy to go shopping. She has returned from Paris. （她已从巴黎回来了。 ）She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来的。 ）现在完成时与瞬间动词瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has
26、left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：一、用 ago, 使用一般过去时。He left here three years ago.二、用“It is +一段时间since 一般过去时从句 ”It is three years since he left here.三、用“ 一段时间have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句”Three years have passed since he left here.以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词
27、转化为延续的动词或者表状态的 be+名词形容词或副词介词短语等。短暂性动词（左） 延续性动词 （右）1.直接转化成延续性动词buy have catch(get) a cold have a coldborrow keep become be2.转换成 be+名词join the Party be in/ a member of go to school be a student / be in school 3 转换成 be+形容词或副词die -be dead finish - be over leave-be away (from) fall sleep -be asleep close
28、 -be closed open-be openbegin - be on turn on/off- be on/ off joinbe in/ be a member of break-be brokenwake upbe awake return/come back -be back get marriedbe married4.转换成 be+介词短语go to school-be in schooljoin the army-be in the armygo/come/reach/arrive/ get to be+in/on/at +地点 注：延续性动词可以延续，跟一段时间连用。如：h
29、ow long, for two years, 延续性动词+since （ since 用于肯定句中）.我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.=We bought the book three years ago. 他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days. = He caught a cold three days ago.自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.I have kept the book since last week. =I borrowed the book last week.我成为一
30、个学生两年多了.I have been a student for over two years. =I became a student two years ago. Mr Black 死了三年了。Mr Black died three years ago. =Mr Black has been dead for three years.小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago. =Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.下课 10 分钟了.The class finished ten
31、 minutes ago. =The class has been over for ten minutes.电影开始了一小时了The film began an hour ago. The film has been on for an hour.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词） ，常用现在完成时；但进一步询
32、问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.When did you have it? At seven thirty.注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.
