1、答案： 2012 在职英语专业教育硕士-英语 II 复习材料 7Section I Use of English (20 min. 10%)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name(人们不敢说，不知由来). But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works indep
2、endently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases 4 previously thought to have a bacterial 细菌引起的 cause were actually infections 感染, which aroused much controversy 争论 when it was first suggested.Even he, however, might tremble 震颤 at the 5 of _6_ he is about to do. Together
3、with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about 引起. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This
4、 group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and （这组人）have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as 同时 the 12 of their elites 精华精英, including several world-renowned 名望 scientists, 13 they also suffer more often than most people from a num
5、ber of nasty 恶劣 genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously 14 unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation 离析. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and dis
6、eases are intimately18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures 进化压力 that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1.A selected B prepared sb/sth for C obliged 迫使 D pleased2.A unique B particular 独特 C special 专门的， 特殊的 D rare 稀有的人3.A of
7、搭配, of B with C in D against4.A being not B were not C not D not being5.A thought 一想到 B sight 一看见 C cost 以的代价 D risk 冒着.的危险6.A what B how C when D where7.A advises B suggests C protests 声明反对意见 D objects 反对8.A progress 进行中 B fact C need 在危难中 D question 被讨论的9.A attaining获得 B scoring 得分 C reaching D ca
8、lculating10.A normal 标准的 B common C mean平均的 D total11.A unconsciously B disproportionately 不成比例地，太大或太小;（想不到这么大） C indefinitely 不定地 D unaccountably 不可解释地12.A missions 使团，使命 B fortunes C interests D careers 历程，生涯13.A affirm 证实 B showing C while D but14.A thought B been C been thought D being thought15
9、.A given up B got over 让人明白 C carried on D put down 归因于16.A supervised B supervising 监督指导 C valued D valuing 评价重视17.A development B origin C consequence D instrument18.A linked 关联 B integrated 合为一体 C woven 交织在一起 D combined 结合19.A limited 限制 B subjected 使经受 C converted 转变 D directed 指向20.A paradoxica
10、l似乎矛盾的 B incompatible 不兼容的C inevitable 不可避免的 D continuous Section II. Reading Comprehension (70min. 50%)Part A Read and choose A B C or DGiving Credit Where Credit Is Not Due 应有的 在不该讲信用的地方讲信用The big identity-theft 个人身份信息被盗 bust 告破，半身像 last week was just a taste of whats to come. Heres how to protect
11、 your good name.HERES THE SCARY 引起惊慌的 THING about the identity-theft ring 交易圈，团伙 that the feds 联邦调查局 cracked 破获粉碎 last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job 监守自盗, according to court documents 法庭公文诉讼文件. A lowly
12、 平庸的 help-desk 求助台 worker at Teledata 电信数据 Communications 通讯, a software firm that helps banks access 访问，取出（资料）使用 credit reports信用报告 online, allegedly 被说，据说 stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop 每一个（=population 族群）. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick
13、 最佳决定选择 consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts 账户 in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date 迄今为止, is just a drop in the bit（bite的过去分词）刺穿的 bucket 冰山一角. More than 700,000 Americans have their cr
14、edit hijacked 劫持，偷窃 every year. Its one of crimes biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number-which can often be found on the Web-is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus 伪造的 line of credit 信贷限额. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion 万亿 annually and lose less than 2% of that re
15、venue 收入 to fraud 欺诈行为, so theres little financial incentive 刺激 for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands 按照现在情况 now, its up to you 你自己的事 to protect your identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists 投机取巧者, not we
16、ll-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster（邓普斯特尔是其商标）一种运送垃圾的罐子 diving 潜入俯冲（在垃圾中找） for those millions of “pre-approved 事先批准“ credit-card mailings 信件 that go out 过时 every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding 撕碎 your junk 废弃物 mail and leaving you
17、r Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony 极度痛苦 later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean 不被盗窃 is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits(全套)工具: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order
18、 reports online, which is a lot better than wading 汤水过去 through voice-mail hell 语音邮件炼狱 on their 他们提供的 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnions website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive 包罗万象-laying out state-by-state 每个州的 prices, rights and tips 提示 for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If
19、 youre lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled 授权 to one free report a year by law. Otherwise its going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round 全年的 for about $70; thats $10 more than
20、 the going 现行的 rate among thieves. If you think youre a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts 欺诈警报 to be put on file 存档 at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at www.consumer.gov/idtheft, which, along with a local police report, shoul
21、d help when irate 愤怒的 creditors 债权人 come knocking 上门找茬. Just dont expect justice. That audacious 胆大妄为 help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.1.What is the trend of credit-theft crime? P.2; L lastATightly suppressed. BMore frightening. CRapidly increasin
22、g. Dloosely controlled.2.The expression “inside job”(Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.Aa crime that is committed by a person working for the victim Ba crime that should be punished severely Ca crime that does great harm to the victim Da crime that poses 造成 a great threat to the society3.Th
23、e creditors can protect their identity in the following way except _.Adestroying your junk mail Bleaving your Social Security card at homeCvisiting the credit-report website regularly Dobtaining the free report from the government P5; L 1 (这只是某些地区的一种权利 )4.Why is it easy to have credit-theft? P3; L3A
24、More people are using credit service. BThe application program is not safe enough.CCreditors usually disclose 暴露 their identity. DCreditors are not careful about their identity.5.What is the best title of the text?AThe danger of credit-theft BThe loss of the creditorsCHow to protect your good name D
25、Why the creditors lose their identityPart B choose from A-F to fit each gap. There is one extra choice.The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable 不
26、可避免的事 and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. （一切准备好了，开始写一稿。）1Be flexible 非僵化. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad 使仓促行事 you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. （大纲可以扩充，有新的就可以加到草稿中。）2Grammar,
27、punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise 修改. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit 追寻 of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.（要注重修改）3Your pages will be easier to keep track of 跟得上，与一致 that way, and, if you have to cli
28、p a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.（如反面有字，也会剪掉。）If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some softw
29、are programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. （用计算机写作，修改起来就简单多了）4These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.（用打出的稿子修改容易）Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and
30、add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A some have been known to fly a hundred miles off course 离开航线 to avoid a storm.Some homing pigeon experts claim that this bird is gifted 天赋 with a form of built-in radar that helps it find its
31、 own loft after hours of flight, for hidden under the head feathers are two very sensitive ears, while the sharp 机警的, prominent 凸出的 eyes can see great distances in daytime.Why do homing pigeons fly home? They are not unique in this inherent skill; it is found in most migratory 迁移的 birds, in bees, an
32、ts, toads 蟾蜍, and even turtles 乌龟, which have been known to travel hundreds of miles to return to their homes. But in the animal world, the homing pigeon alone can be trusted with its freedom 大胆 and trained to carry out the missions that people demand.Yes No Not Given1C Homing pigeons enter their fi
33、rst race when they are about a month old.A B C2A One difference between a homing pigeon and an ordinary one is the size of the brain.A B C3B Homing pigeons always follow the course home no matter how far the distance is.A B C4B The author mention bees, ants, toads, and turtles in order to show they,
34、 like homing pigeons, can be trained to carry out the missions that people demand.A B C5C The small head of a homing pigeon enables a homing pigeon toreturn home.A B CSection III. Translation (20min. 20%)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his societ
35、y? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become ant
36、i-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 1) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底式的，问答式的) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consc
37、iously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 2) His function is analogous 类似 to that of a judge, who must accept the
38、obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.1我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。2他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来揭示使自己做出决定的推理过程。This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals - the average scient
39、ist, for one. 3) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments 成果 may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with 使承担，控告 the task of approaching any but(=nothing but) the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues ev
40、en in the everyday performance of his routine duties - he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 4) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code 法典，规范 which governs his activity, any more than （不是前面那个，正如不是后面那个）a businessman is expected to d
41、edicate 献出 his energies to an exploration 探索 of rules of conduct 经营 in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the meth
42、od whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 5) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections 反思 on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in
43、some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in “public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else. 3我之所以把他（普通科学家）排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实所在。4但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。5他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。Section IV. Witing (40min. 20%)One of the most serious problem in a large modern city like Beijing and Shanghai is that of traffic. There is a coverage of it on the newspaper. Write an essay of about 300words to the editor.
