1、is one of the practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, peoples behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as v
2、alues. Adhere to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more development, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civiliz
3、ation, political civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall advancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that persons value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate eve
4、ry community member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people. The so-called Outlook, attitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, what kind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the p
5、remise of respecting the interests and power of people, creating a popular, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating “serve for one officer, the benefit of“ achievements, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of peoples performance. Achievement e
6、valuation in both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effectiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential
7、for sustainable development. Leave people to talk about “values“ are worthless and leave people to talk about “Outlook“ is not what the performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the
8、chichuanyongdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Col
9、orful in the transformation of the people of the world, community vitality in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-ac
10、tualization needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not the slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the “agricultural so
11、ciety, people plant“; in “industrial society, man is an animal“; “the information society, returnNow, we are in a new historical stage of all-round construction of a well-off society. In perform duties, and carried out work of process in the, we to put people as a guide principles, and a test standa
12、rd, efforts from masses most hope do of things do up, from masses most care of hot problem grabbed, from masses most not satisfaction of place modified up, not make nominal of formalism, not do grandstanding of cosmetic, to seeking of style, help masses share, is people benefit. (C) the investee peo
13、ple is not only an idea, it is a job requirement. Philosophy through to the people-oriented thought in the work of the Office, must be clear work objectives. Party Office in the city this year remains: Advanced civil strife, local brand. The County (City) Party Committee offices and units directly u
14、nder the Office to hold high the banner of first to excellence, people-oriented requirements, strengthen the construction and management of the Office towards the work “a higher level“. Investee 1. political participation based on conspiracy to adhere to people-oriented, will be around to promote co
15、ordinationDevelopment events, great searchings. The 16 session of the partys scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the development of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our partys ruling idea a le
16、ap. At present, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of development has become the partys important work. As the Office of party Committee, working party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, c
17、oordinated and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more research, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation. Your presentation is the main Office of “products“, is the basic carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality
18、of your presentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document recognized by the leadership, how many are listening to the people in favour of the report, how many paid dividends in the practical work. Improve presentation drafting level, requirements we accurate grasp led intent, General le
19、d care of work are to as understand, General led consider of problem are to in-depth thinking; requirements we highlight place features, put superior approach policy and local actual combined up, put presentation of theme thrust and masses of by thought by wants to combined up; requirements we seeks
20、 to streamlined clear, with simple of language expression deep of thought, with short of length hosted rich of connotation. Second, the survey results more. Investigation of the base, the road to success is something, is our for the Party Committees policy decision a good idea, an important part of
21、a good staff. This year, to focus around industrial XING city, and farmers increase, and and manpower development, and seeking, major problem and foster advantage industry, and adjustment agricultural structure, and carried初中课堂有效教学策略研究课题研究开题报告张家港市中学一、课题提出的背景1课改的需要当前由于部分教师对新课程理念贯彻不清，对教学实质把握不准，使得新课程实验
22、在推进过程中或多或少地存在着情境偏差、学习方式偏差、教学方式偏差、教学组织偏差以及评价偏差等背离课改目标的行为，使现在的教学中出现了过分夸大自主而导致课堂教学无序、过分夸大过程忽略结果而导致课堂教学无效、过分夸大学生作用轻视教师作用而导致教学不得法、过分夸大情感目标轻视知识技能目标而导致教学质量下降等问题。当今教学中重复机械性的、强行填鸭式的现象随课可见，公开课中虚假的演戏愈演愈烈，导致课堂教学中低效或不讲成效现象大量存在，但教师为了让学生获得比较满意的分数，课外开展题海战术，增加了学生的学业负担。面对这些低效的课堂教学现实，为了减轻学生学习负担，对照新课程改革的发展要求，我们迫切希望提高课堂
23、教学实效。这样课堂教学的有效性作为现实问题就成为我们每一位教师必须研究的课题。2学生发展的需要现行的课堂教学现状在经过多年来教改洗礼之后，虽然有所改观，但仍然令人担忧。课堂上，空泛的教材，伴以冰冷的作业，几乎成为学生唯一的信息源，它们远离生活情境，缺乏情感，单调枯燥，在老师的强迫下单通道地传给学生。长期以来，学生学得无趣、学得痛苦，学习上高耗低效，学生对学习上缺乏欲望和幸福感，成为最突出的问题。解决这一问题的关键就是要系统地研究教学的有效性原理；努力形成有效教学策略体系；用以指导学生进行有效学习，最终达到教学效果的最优化，从而促进学生文化基础知识和基本技能、创新精神以及探究能力的整体提高，促进
24、学生全面、持续、和谐地发展。3学 校 发 展 的 需 要我 校 是 新 办 的 一 所 市 直 属 公 立 学 校 ， 学 校 提 出 了 “办 人 民 满 意 学 校 ， 创 苏 南一 流 名 校 ”的 目 标 ”。 近 几 年 学 校 每 年 都 要 调 进 二 三 十 位 老 师 ， 为 了 让 这 些 老 师快 速 融 入 学 校 ， 从 而 满 足 社 会 对 学 校 发 展 的 要 求 ， 急 需 对 提 高 课 堂 教 学 有 效 性is one of the practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the
25、 objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, peoples behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as values. Adhere to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more devel
26、opment, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall ad
27、vancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that persons value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate every community member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people.
28、The so-called Outlook, attitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, what kind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the premise of respecting the interests and power of people, creating a popular
29、, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating “serve for one officer, the benefit of“ achievements, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of peoples performance. Achievement evaluation in both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effec
30、tiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential for sustainable development. Leave people to talk about “values“ are worth
31、less and leave people to talk about “Outlook“ is not what the performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the chichuanyongdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even
32、 certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Colorful in the transformation of the people of the world, community vitality
33、 in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-actualization needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not th
34、e slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the “agricultural society, people plant“; in “industrial society, man is an animal“; “the info
35、rmation society, returnNow, we are in a new historical stage of all-round construction of a well-off society. In perform duties, and carried out work of process in the, we to put people as a guide principles, and a test standard, efforts from masses most hope do of things do up, from masses most car
36、e of hot problem grabbed, from masses most not satisfaction of place modified up, not make nominal of formalism, not do grandstanding of cosmetic, to seeking of style, help masses share, is people benefit. (C) the investee people is not only an idea, it is a job requirement. Philosophy through to th
37、e people-oriented thought in the work of the Office, must be clear work objectives. Party Office in the city this year remains: Advanced civil strife, local brand. The County (City) Party Committee offices and units directly under the Office to hold high the banner of first to excellence, people-ori
38、ented requirements, strengthen the construction and management of the Office towards the work “a higher level“. Investee 1. political participation based on conspiracy to adhere to people-oriented, will be around to promote coordinationDevelopment events, great searchings. The 16 session of the part
39、ys scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the development of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our partys ruling idea a leap. At present, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of de
40、velopment has become the partys important work. As the Office of party Committee, working party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more rese
41、arch, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation. Your presentation is the main Office of “products“, is the basic carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality of your presentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document rec
42、ognized by the leadership, how many are listening to the people in favour of the report, how many paid dividends in the practical work. Improve presentation drafting level, requirements we accurate grasp led intent, General led care of work are to as understand, General led consider of problem are t
43、o in-depth thinking; requirements we highlight place features, put superior approach policy and local actual combined up, put presentation of theme thrust and masses of by thought by wants to combined up; requirements we seeks to streamlined clear, with simple of language expression deep of thought,
44、 with short of length hosted rich of connotation. Second, the survey results more. Investigation of the base, the road to success is something, is our for the Party Committees policy decision a good idea, an important part of a good staff. This year, to focus around industrial XING city, and farmers
45、 increase, and and manpower development, and seeking, major problem and foster advantage industry, and adjustment agricultural structure, and carried的 策 略 、 方 法 、 途 径 的 系 统 研 究 。 这 一 课 题 的 研 究 ， 为 我 校 教 学 工 作 的 研 究 与 发展 提 供 了 机 遇 。 课 题 研 究 工 作 的 开 展 ， 对 我 们 进 一 步 深 入 研 究 提 高 课 堂 教 学 效 益的 策 略 ， 追 求 教
46、 学 过 程 的 优 质 化 、 教 学 原 则 的 科 学 化 、 教 学 方 法 的 有 效 化 、 教 学评 估 的 规 范 化 的 课 堂 教 学 高 效 益 的 目 标 有 十 分 重 要 的 价 值 。 对推进课程改革，提高教师专业技术水平，促进学生全面和谐发展，提高学校整体教育质量，具有十分重要的现实意义。二、课题国内外相关研究现状、研究价值、创新之处1课题国内外相关研究现状有 效 教 学 的 理 念 源 于 20 世 纪 上 半 叶 西 方 的 教 学 科 学 化 运 动 。 研 究 近 现 代 的教 学 论 ， 我 们 发 现 作 为 学 校 教 学 活 动 的 一 个 基
47、本 追 求 ， “有 效 教 学 ”在 不 同 时 代有 着 不 同 的 关 注 主 题 。从 夸 美 纽 斯 开 始 ， “有 效 教 学 ”的 理 想 落 实 在 “大 规 模 效 应 ”及 其 相 应 的“教 学 模 式 ”上 。 1632 年 出 版 的 大 教 学 论 将 理 想 寄 托 在 “班 级 教 学 ”中 ，努 力 “寻 求 并 找 出 一 种 教 学 的 方 法 ， 使 教 员 因 此 可 以 少 教 ， 但 是 学 生 可 以 多 学 。”继 夸 美 纽 斯 之 后 ， 德 国 教 育 家 赫 尔 巴 特 直 接 对 “普 通 教 育 学 ”提 出 有 效 教 学 的追
48、 求 。 所 谓 “普 通 ”， 意 在 “普 遍 有 效 ”， “一 般 运 用 ”， 教 师 凭 借 这 种 “普 遍适 用 ”的 教 学 模 式 能 迅 速 地 掌 握 教 学 的 方 法 和 技 术 ， 提 高 课 堂 教 学 的 效 率 。 赫尔 巴 特 设 计 了 “明 了 联 想 系 统 方 法 ”四 个 形 式 阶 段 的 “普 通 ”教 学过 程 ， 后 来 被 他 的 学 生 补 充 、 调 整 为 “预 备 提 高 联 想 总 括 应 用 ”的 “五 段 教 授 法 ”。 其 后 经 苏 联 “凯 洛 夫 教 育 学 ”的 加 工 改 造 为 “组 织 教 学 检 查 作
49、 业 引 入 新 课 程 讲 授 新 教 材 巩 固 复 习 布 置 作 业 ”的 六 段 教学 法 ， 从 而 形 成 了 追 求 “教 学 规 模 ”的 有 效 教 学 传 统 。 研 读 这 一 段 教 学 论 的 发 展史 ， 我 们 认 为 ， 夸 美 纽 斯 之 后 的 赫 尔 巴 特 、 凯 洛 夫 等 人 以 及 整 个 现 代 教 学 论 研究 ， 无 不 在 为 “如 何 在 班 级 教 学 中 有 效 教 学 ”而 努 力 。20 世 纪 中 后 期 ， 随 着 科 学 主 义 、 建 构 主 义 和 多 元 智 能 理 论 等 多 种 教 育 派 别与 教 育 思 想 的 相 继 涌 现 ， 有 效 教 学 逐 渐 走 出 具 体 的 “教 学 模 式 ”而 进 入 “教 学 设计 ”的 道 路 。 现 代 有 效 教 学 实 践 及 其 研 究 越 来 越 强 调 “设 计 意 识 ”和 “反 思 意 识 ”， 越 来 越 强 调 课 堂 教 学 的 改 革 不 是 一 种 教 学 方 法 或 教 学 技 术 的 更 新 和 调 整 的 事情 ， 它 需 要 在 “教 学 理 念 ”或 “教 学 信 念 ”的 支 持 下 展 开 “教 学 设 计
