1、A heated discussion about whether men are braver than women is settled in a rather unexpected way.关于男人是否比女人更勇敢的一场激烈争论以一种颇为出人意料的方式解决了。 Unit 1 The Dinner PartyMona Gardner 晚宴 莫娜加德纳 I first heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true though any naturalist would know it couldnt be. Later someo
2、ne told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down. 我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像确有其事似 的 尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之前不久，一家杂志曾刊登过这个故事。但登在杂志上的那篇故事以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。 The c
3、ountry is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda. 故事
4、发生在印度。某殖民地官员和他的夫人正举行盛大的晚宴。筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里，室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是走廊。跟他们一起就坐的客人有军官和他们的夫人，另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家。 A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they havent. 席间，一位年轻的女士同一
5、位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。 “A womans reaction in any crisis,“ the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.“ 他说：“一遇到危急情况，女人的反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略
6、胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西 。” The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair a
7、nd whispers something to him. The boys eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. 那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句。男仆两眼睁得大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。 Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the ver
8、anda just outside the open doors. 在座的客人中除了那位美国人以外谁也没注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的走廊上。 The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters the likeliest place but they are bare. Th
9、ree corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left under the table. 那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思 引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子 那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方 但那上面空荡荡的。室内的三个角落里也是空的，而在第四个角落里，仆人们正在等着上下一道菜。这样，剩下的就只有一个地方了 餐桌下面。 His first
10、impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone. 他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人发出警告。但他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜蛇受惊咬人。于是他很快讲了一通话，其语气非常威严，竟使得所有的人都安静了下来。 “I want to know just what co
11、ntrol everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred thats five minutes and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!“ “我想了解一下在座的诸位到底有多大的克制能力，我数三百下 也就是五分钟 你们谁都不许动一动。动者将罚款五十卢比。准备好！” The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying “. tw
12、o hundred and eighty.“ when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut. 在他数数的过程中，那二十个人都像一尊尊石雕一样端坐在那儿。当他数到 “二百八十”时，突然从眼角处看到那条眼镜蛇钻了出来，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳 起来把通往走廊的门全都砰砰地牢牢关上时，室内响起了一片尖叫声。 “You were rig
13、ht, Major!“ the host exclaims. “A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.“ “你刚才说得很对，少校！” 男主人大声说。“一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫、镇定自若的范例。” “Just a minute,“ the American says, turning to his hostess. “Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?“ “且慢，” 那位美国人一边说着一边转向女主人。“温兹太太，你怎么知道那条眼镜
14、蛇是在屋子里呢？” A faint smile lights up the womans face as she replies: “Because it was crawling across my foot .“Unit 2 Lessons from JeffersonBruce Bliven 杰斐逊的遗训布鲁斯布利文 Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most peopl
15、e remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. 美国第三任总统托马斯杰斐逊也许不像乔治华盛顿和亚伯拉罕林肯那样著名 ，但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：是他写的独立宣言。 Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern yo
16、uth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: 虽然杰斐逊生活在二百多年以前，但我们 今天仍可以从他身上学到很多东西。他的许多思想对当代青年来说特别有意义。下面就是他讲过和写过的一些观点： Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was app
17、ointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations. 自己去看。杰斐逊认为，一个自由的
18、人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识；他认为，亲自做调查是很重要的。在他还很年轻的时候，他就被任命为一个委员会的成员，去调查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否足以通行大型船只。委员会的其他成员都坐在州议会大厦内研究有关这一问题的文件，而杰斐逊却跳进一只独木舟去做现场观测。 You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to thos
19、e of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the peoples homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do t
20、his, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.“ 你可以向任何人学习。按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐逊均属于最高的社会阶层。然而，在那个贵人们除了发号施令以外很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，杰斐逊却常破例跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈。有一次杰斐逊曾这样对法国贵族拉斐特说过：“你必须像我那样到平民百姓的家里去，看看他们的锅里煮些什么，吃吃他们的面包。只要你肯这样做，你就会发现老百姓为什么会不满意，你就会理解正在威胁着法国的革命。” Judge
21、 for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other peoples opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,“ he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.“ 自己作判断。未经过认真的思考，杰斐逊绝不接受别人的
22、意见。他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别 的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信它或拒绝它。上帝赐予你一个用来判断真理和谬误的头脑。那你就运用它吧。” Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers witho
23、ut a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.“ 杰斐逊觉得，人民“是完全可以信赖的，应该让他们听到一切真实和虚伪的东西，然后作出正确的判断。倘使让我来决定，我们是应该有一个政府而不要报纸呢还是应该有报纸而不要政府，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。” Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conf
24、lict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on
25、it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.“ 做你认为是正确的事。在一个自由的国家里总会有各种相互冲突的思想，而这正是力量的源泉。使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。虽然有好多年杰斐逊一直受到激烈的批评，但他从不回应那些批评他的人。他在写给一位朋友的信中表达了自己的观点：“每个问题都有两面。如果你坚决站在一面并根据它有效地采取行动，那么，站在另一面的那些人当然会对你的行动怨恨不满。” Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson
26、 felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,“ he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.“ He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. “How much pain,“ he rema
27、rked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.“ 相信未来，相信青年。杰斐逊认为，绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住“现在”的手脚。他说：“没有哪个社会可以制订一部永远适用的宪法，甚至连一条永远适用的法律也制订不出来。地球是属于活着的一代的。”他不害怕新思想，也不惧怕未来。他评论说：“有多少痛苦是由一些从未发生过的灾难引起的啊！我期待的是最好的东西，而不是最坏的
28、东西。我满怀希望地驾驶着自己的航船，而把恐惧抛在后面。” Jeffersons courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and
29、he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. 杰斐逊的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的。他懂得的东西也许比同时代的任何人都要多。在农业、考古学和医学方面他都是专家。在人们普遍采用农作物轮作和土壤保持的做法之前一个世纪，他就这样做了。他还发明了一种比当
30、时任何一种都好的耕犁。他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断地制造出各种机械装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易。 Of all Jeffersons many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and wh
31、en the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal .“ 在杰斐逊的众多才能中，有一种是最主要的：他首先是一位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。目前正在第一次出版的他的全集将超过五十卷。他作为一个作家的才能很快便
32、被发现了，所以，当 1776 年在费城要撰写独立宣言的时刻来到时，这一任务便落在了他肩上。数以百万计的人们读到他写的下列词句都激动不已：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：一切人生来就是平等的” When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, wh
33、o believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free. Trying to make some money before entering university, the author applies for a teaching job. But the interview goes from bad to worse . 为了想在进大学前赚些钱，作者申请了一份教职。但面试情况却越来越糟 Unit 3 My First JobRobert Best 我的第一份工作罗伯特贝斯特 While I was waitin
34、g to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my
35、 chances of getting the job were slim. 在我等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区，有所学校要招聘一名教师。我因为手头很拮据，同时也想做点有 用的事，于是便提出了申请，但在提出申请的同时我也担心，自己一无学位，二无教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。 However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey: a train t
36、o Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter of a mile. As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous. 然而，三天之后，却来了一封信，叫我到克洛伊登去面试。这一路去那儿原来还真麻烦：先乘火车到克洛伊登车站，再乘十分钟的公共汽车，然后还要至少步行四分之一英里。结果，我在六月一个炎热的上午到了那儿，因为心情非常沮丧，竟不感到紧张了。 The school was a red
37、brick house with big windows. The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road. 学校是一座装着大窗户的红砖房子。前庭园是个铺着沙砾的正方形：四个角上各有一丛冬青灌木，它们经受着从繁忙的大街上吹来的尘烟，挣扎着活下去。 It was clearly the headmaster himself that op
38、ened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache, a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair. 开门的显然是校长本人。他又矮又胖，留着沙色的小胡子，前额上布满皱纹，头发差不多已经秃光。 He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. “Ah yes,“ he grunted.
39、“Youd better come inside.“ The narrow, sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage; the walls were dirty with ink marks; it was all silent. His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining-room. “Youd better sit down,“ he said, and proceeded to ask me a number of questions:
40、 what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate; how old I was; what games I played; then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boys education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted
41、. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had very little in common. 他带着一种吃惊的、不以为然 的神态看着我，就像一位上校看着一名没系好靴带的二等兵一样。“哦，”他咕哝着说，“你最好到里面来。”那狭窄的、不见阳光的走廊里散发出一股腐烂的卷心菜味，闻上去很不舒服；墙上墨迹斑斑，显得很脏；周围一片静寂。根据地毯上的面包屑来判断，他的书房也是他的餐室。“你最好坐下，”他说，接着便问了我许多问题：为了得到普通学校证书我学过哪些课程；我多大岁数了；我会玩些什么游戏；问到这里他突然用他那双充满血丝的
42、眼睛盯住我，问我是否认为游戏是儿童教育的一个极为重要的组成部分。我含含糊糊地说了些不必太重视游戏之类的话。他咕哝了几 句。我说了错话。我和校长显然没有多少共同语言。 The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the
43、Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons. 他说，学校只有一个班，二十四名男生，年龄从七岁到十三岁不等，除了美术课他亲自教以外，其余所有的课程都得由我来教。星期三和星期六的下午要到一英里以外的公园去踢足球，打板球。 The teaching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels; and I was disma
44、yed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time. 整个教学计划把我吓坏了。我得把全班学生分成三个组，按三种不同的程度轮流给他们上课；想到要教代数和几何这两门我在读书时学得极差的科
45、目，我感到很害怕。更糟糕的也许是星期六下午打板球的安排，因为这时候我的朋友大都会在悠闲地自得其乐。 I said shyly, “What would my salary be?“ “Twelve pounds a week plus lunch.“ Before I could protest, he got to his feet. “Now“, he said, “youd better meet my wife. Shes the one who really runs this school.“ 我怯生生地问：“我的薪水是多少？”“每周十二磅外加中饭。”还没等我来得及提出异议，他已经
46、站了起来。“好了，”他说，“你最好见见我的妻子。她才是这所学校真正的主管人。” This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity. Seen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple， modest and ordinary man. 在一个年轻朋友的心目中，爱因斯坦是个纯朴、谦虚的普通人。 Unit 4 The Professor and t
47、he Yo-YoThomas Lee Bucky with Joseph P.Blank 教授与溜溜球托马斯李巴基 和 约瑟夫 P布兰克 My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einsteins home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, “I have something to show you.“ He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to sh
48、ow me how it worked but he couldnt make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and ma
49、iled it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks. 我父亲是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦的密友。小时候有一次我去爱因斯坦家拜访时很腼腆，他说，“我有样东西拿给你看，”于是我便感到无拘无束了。他走到书桌旁，拿回来一只溜溜球。他试图做给我看这种玩具怎么个玩法，但他没法使它顺着线再转上去。轮到我时，我露了几手并向他指出，绕错的线圈使玩具失去了平衡。爱因斯坦点点头，我的技能和知识给他留下了颇深的印象。后来，我买了一只溜溜球，把它作为圣诞 礼物送给了教授，并收到他一首表示感谢的诗。 As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself
