1、1.荷载短期荷载 short-time load 临界荷载 critical load 持续荷载 sustained loads恒载 dead load 活载 live load 峰值荷载 peak load 冲击荷载 impact load 2.专业名词 力矩面等横截面 cross section 隔离体 a free body 轴力 axial forces 带肩梁 ledger beam正应力 the normal stress 剪应力 the shear stress 固定铰支座 a pin support 可动铰支座 a roller support 平面内弯矩 in-plane b
2、ending 平面外弯矩 out-of-plane bending简支梁 a simple beam 悬臂梁 a cantilever beam 分布力 distributed load 均布力 uniformly distributed load 静定结构 statically determinate structure 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure 角焊缝 fillet weld 对接焊缝 groove weld外缘 outer edges 中性轴 the neutral axis 形心矩 centroidal distance 沙石混凝
3、土 sand-and-stone concrete 预应力混凝土 pre stressed concrete 复合应力 combined stress 极限应变 limiting tensile strain 平均正应力 mean normal stress名义抗剪强度 nominal shear strength 惯性力 inertia force 地震作用 seismic action 广义位移 generalized displacement 扭矩 torsion 预加应力 pre stress 托梁 corbel3.材料平面顶 deck 屋面防水层 water proof roofin
4、g 金属箔层压板 foil-laminated钢筋 steel 涂料 paint 木条板 lath 灰泥 plaster 楔子 wedge 基础 footing 横向钢筋 transverse reinforcement 纵筋 longitudinal reinforcement 弯起纵筋 bent-up longitudinal steel 单向板 one-way slabs 腹筋 the web steel 楼梯踏步 stair tread 顶棚抹灰 plastered ceilings 承重墙 bearing wall 轻质幕墙 light weight curtain walls 桁架
5、 truss 构件 member 谷仓 grain elevator 桥墩 bridge pier 大型结构 heavy structure 梯井 stair shaft 高层写字楼 high-rise office 预埋构件 metal insert 作业平台 work plat form企口木板 tongue-and-groove plank 施工架 constructed yoke 走道脚手架 a walkway scaffold铅垂线 the plumb line 喷雾器 fog sprays 型钢 structural steel 剪力墙 shear wall平板 flat slab
6、 合成薄板 synthetic film 防护墙板 endosing wall panels 人字起重机 derrick crane 卫生间设施 bathroom groups 服务竖井 the service shaft隔气层 vapor barriers 隔热层 insulation 结露点 dew point 空心板 hollow plank竖向剪力墙 shear-resistant vertical wall 预制构件 pre cast member 隔板 wall panel4.其他 1应力等值线 a stress contour 数值分析 numerical analysis 悬索
7、基础 cable structures试验研究 experimental investigation 超静定次数 degree of statical indeterminaly叠加法 method of superposition 基本结构 released structure 高跨比 span-depth ratio弯矩图 bending moment diagram 附着 deposit 弹性模量 modulus of elasticity水化 hydrate 硬化 harden 变量 variables 环境相对湿度 ambient relative humidity蒸发 evapor
8、ate 定向立方体单元 oriented elementary cube 初步结论 tentative conclusion斜向拉力 diagonal tension 微分长度单元 a differential length 应力迹线 stress trajectory骨料咬合作用 aggregate interlock 销栓作用 dowel action 延性 ductility 扭转力偶 twisting couple 力臂 lever arm 分数 fraction 取代 in lieu of地震高发区 zones of high earthquake probability 平立面 i
9、n plan elevation 平动 translation 转动 rotation 凹部 depressions 凸起 projection 凸口 recess 在现场 on the site 误差 error 通用规范 applicable codes 滑模施工 slip form operations 养护 care 锚固 be anchored in 挠度 deflection5.其他 2侧向支持 sway bracing 先张法 pre tensioning technique 后张法 post tensioning technique安全系数 safety factor 安全储备
10、 margin of safety 附属 cust-in fittings防火等级 fire ratings 不均匀沉降 differential settlement 深基础 deep foundation 扩展式基础 spread foundation 符合基础 combined footings 条形基础 strap footings 垂直于 at right angles to 类似于 analogous to 单位力法 unit-load method大小相等方向相反 be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction 静力平衡方程 equ
11、ations of static equilibrium 与有关 pertain to求合力 from a summation of force 一组联立方程 a set of simultaneous equations 协调方程 equations of compatibility 经验方程 empirical equation 大一个数量级 an order of magnitude longer 第二面积积分 the second moment-area thore ab dot product a*b cross product 位移互等定理 reciprocal displacem
12、ent theorem 液压控制系统 hydraulic master control system 功的互等定理 work 与成正比 in direct proportion to 与一致 be geared to Dashing through the snowIn a one- horse open sleigh Over the fields we goLaughing all the wayBells on bobtails way Making spirits brightWhat fun it is to ride and singA sleighing song tonight
13、OH,Jingle bells, jingle bells,Jingle all the wayOh,what fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleighJingle bells,jingle bellsJingle all the wayOh,what fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleighA day or two ago I thought I take a rideAnd soon Miss Fanny Brightwas seated by my sideThe horse was lean a
14、nd lankMisfortune seemed his lotHes got into a drifted bankAnd we, we got upsotOH,Jingle bells, jingle bells,Jingle all the wayOh,what fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleighJingle bells,jingle bellsJingle all the wayOh,what fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleighA day or two ago,The story I
15、 must tellI went out on the snow,And on my back I fell;A gent was riding byIn a one-horse open sleigh,He laughed as there I sprawling lie,But quickly drove away.OH,Jingle bells, jingle bells,Jingle all the wayOh,what fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleighJingle bells,jingle bellsJingle all the
16、wayOh,what fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleighNow the ground is whiteGo it while youre young,Take the girls tonightAnd sing this sleighing song;Just get a bob-tailed baytwo-forty as his speedHitch him to an open sleighAnd crack! youll take the lead.OH,Jingle bells, jingle bells,Jingle all the wayOh,what fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleighJingle bells,jingle bellsJingle all the wayOh,what fun it is to rideIn a one-horse open sleigh
