1、,Energy and Environment a Zero Carbon Future for Dongtan?,能源和环境 -东滩的零碳将来？汇丰银行低碳创新主管.东安格里安大学环境科学系,Keith Tovey (杜伟贤) M.A., PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnvHSBC Director of Low Carbon Innovation: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia,CRed,1,Climate Change: Arctic meltdown 1979 - 2003,Summer
2、ice coverage of Arctic Polar RegionNasa satellite imagery,Source: Nasa www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2003/1023esuice.html,24年内减少了20%,1979,2003,CRed,夏天的北极区域冰盖Nasa（美国国家航天局）卫星照片,20% reduction in 24 years,气候变化：北极冰盖融化1979-2003,2,Comparison of emissions of different countries,不同国家的排放比较,Raisin
3、g Awareness,Electricity Generation in China is dominated by coal,Carbon Emission factor 0.870 kg/kWh cf 0.52 kg/kWh in UK,中国主要使用煤炭进行发电,碳排放数据0.870 kg/kWh在英国这一数据是0.52kg/kWh,3,YANGTZE STAR,杨子之星,A striking architectural feature,An integrated renewable power station,An educational facility,A research fac
4、ility,A visitor attraction,新颖的建筑布局,综合的可再生能源供给站,用于教育的设施,可供研究的设施,独具吸引力的访客中心,4,Dongtan: A Vision for the Future,东滩：未来之窗,Low Energy Buildings in Dongtan City,Integrated Renewable Power Station with Biomass/ MSW/ Biogas/ Solar and Wind,Direct Interaction between energy demand by residents and energy gene
5、ration.,东滩的低碳排放建筑,包含生物质能/市政废物/沼气/太阳能和风能的可再生能源供给站,居民能源需求和能源产生之间的直接互动关系.,Yangste STAR,杨子之星,5,YANGTZE STAR,杨子之星,The STAR is inspired by the power of the Yangste and its meandering journey to the sea.,Dongtan will have minimal impact on the environment through: Low energy buildings Energy from renewable
6、 sources,Like the river, the greenhouse will meander through the STAR providing Education Research Awareness Raising A Visitor Attraction,杨子之星的灵感来自于扬子江奔腾不息汇入大海的伟大力量,东滩队于环境将产生最小的影响：低能源消耗建筑能源供给来自可再生能源,未来温室将如河流般蜿蜒穿过杨子之星，整个项目包含以下功能： 教育 研究 知识传播 游览参观,6,Visitor Centre & Solar Research访客中心和太阳能研究中心,Main Entr
7、ance主入口,Energy River Greenhouse of the future能源之河-未来温室,Municipal Building with support below mound市政废物区和人造山下的支持区域,Biomass Building with storage area beneath hill生物质能区和位于人造山下的储存区域,Biogas Building with support area beneath hill沼气区和位于人造山下的支持区域,Biomass Fuel Delivery 生物质能燃料的输送,7,Section A - A,Section B -
8、 B,Section through Biomass Station storage is held below artificial hill,Section through Biogas Station storage also below artificial hill,穿过生物质能站的区域储存区位于人造山下面,穿过沼气站的区域储存区同样位于人造山下面,Yangste STAR,杨子之星,8,Large Scale Wind 大规模风能,Urban Wind - 都市风能-Microgeneration 小规模发电,Building Integrated 与建筑物组合 Photovolt
9、aic Cells 光电池,MSW Combined Heat 市政废物处理热电联& Power(CHP) (CHP),Digestion Biogas CHP 厌氧消化沼气CHP,Rice Residue CHP 稻米处理残余CHPCultivated Biomas CHP 农业生物能CHPCultivated Biomas Boiler 农业生物能锅炉,Yangste STAR,杨子之星,9,YANGTZE STAR,杨子之星,Dongtan buildings will have an energy demand 34% of latest standards.,High insulat
10、ion levels,Low energy lighting,Electricity from Renewable Sources,Heating - CHP (biomass generators),Disposal of waste heat in summer?,东滩建筑将运用可降低34%能源需求的最新标准,高保温绝热水平,低能耗照明,电力供应来自可再生能源,加热-CHP（生物质能发生装置）,在夏天如何处置废热？,More electricity could be generated,产生更多电力,10,Absorption Heat Pump,Adsorption Heat pump
11、reduces electricity demand and increases electricity generated,吸收热泵可减少电力需求并增加发电量,吸收热泵,YANGTZE STAR,杨子之星,A 1 MW Adsorption chiller,1 MW 吸附冷却器,Adsorption chillers will provide air-conditioning in Dongtan,Each one will save around 700 tonnes CO2,吸附冷却器可为东滩提供空调系统,每一个可减少排放700吨CO2,12,YANGTZE STAR,杨子之星,The
12、Greenhouse / Visitor Centre,未来温室/访客中心,what new management practices might be needed?,什么样新的管理行为是需要的？,Provide an International Conference Centre,A research area ,研究区域-,how might plants adapt to be more effective in replacing fossil fuels?,在替代化石能源方面，植物如何更加有效利用？,To disseminate new ideas about the enviro
13、nment, and sustainable technologies throughout the international community.,建立一个国际会议中心,通过国际合作传播环境和可持续性发展技术,13,YANGTZE STAR,杨子之星,The Greenhouse / Visitor Centre,未来温室/访客中心,how the fossil fuels were formed and exploited.,Awareness Raising,An educational area to tell: ,教育区将展示：-,how the climate evolved,h
14、ow renewable energy can be the power for the future.,how individuals can play their part to save energy.,Through interactive displays,化石能源如何形成和被开发,知识提升,气候如何演变,将来如何使用可再生能源发电,个人如何参与到节约能源行动之中,通过互动展示,14,Raising Awareness,Each person in UK causes the emission of 9 tonnes of CO2 each year.,What do 9 tonne
15、s of CO2 look like?,5 hot air balloons,China: 2.5 tonnes or 1.4 balloons,每一个英国人每年产生9吨CO2,9 吨CO2看起来有多少呢？,5个热气球,中国：2.5吨或1.4个热气球,15,Raising Awareness,Standby on TVs and electrical goods waste energy up to 60 kWh a year in China this causes emission of over 50kg of CO2 unnecessarily,A Toyota Corolla (14
16、00cc) will emit the equivalent of 1.2 hot air balloons a year or 1 party balloon every 60m.,10 gms of carbon dioxide has an equivalent volume of 1 party balloon.,电视机和电器的待机状态每年将浪费60 kWh的电量-在中国这将导致超过50公斤CO2的不必要的排放,一辆丰田花冠轿车（ 1400cc）一年将排放相当于1.2个热气球的量或每60米一个派队气球,10克二氧化碳相当于1个派队气球,16,Yangze STAR,A Landmark
17、 Project for the Whole WorldCollaboration between China and UK,Awareness Raising / Education,扬子之星,提升认识/教育,Dongtan will be a city of the future,Integrated development of Low Carbon Buildings,Powered by Renewable Energy,Citizens and children engaged in their city and its future,东滩将成为未来之城,低碳建筑的统一发展,能源所
18、需可再生能源提供,居民和儿童参与到他们的城市目前和将来的发展中,对于全世界而言这一里程碑式的项目是基于中英之间的合作,17,Demand for energy often exceeds technical performance by up to 100%,Excess can be reduced by,Good Energy Management,Effective Education,Awareness raising,Dongtan The Social Dimension,东滩-未来的典范,能源需求常常超过运用技术带来改善，甚至多达100%,但能通过以下方式减少能源需求：,良好的能
19、源管理,有效的教育,知识的提升,Innovative Tariffs,创新的价格体系,Typical Tariffs,Flat Rate,Multi-rate cheaper for high users,Multi-rate initial low rate,Adversely affects low users,Encourages conservation,典型价格体系,统一费用,多种费用-高端用户便宜,多种费用-初期低费用,不利于低端用户,鼓励节约,Consumption Consumption,Consumption Consumption,Consumption Consumpti
20、on,Cost Cost,Cost Cost,Cost Cost,18,Dongtan will be a Zero Carbon City,Renewable Energy can be intermittent,Balancing Demand via Grid Connection,Overall export more than import,Dongtan The Social Dimension,东滩-未来的典范,Low Renewable generation,A proposed new Tariff -,Based on Instantaneous Power Level,T
21、imes of High Renewable Generation,above a threshold: High Rate Tariff,below threshold power: Basic Tariff,Will encourage conservation and demand in harmony with supply,normal tariff structure applies,东滩成为零碳排放城市,使用可再生能源,通过电网平衡用电需求,总输出超过总输入,低可再生能源发电,建议的新价格体系-,基于即时电力水平,高可再生能源发电时期,高限：高价格,底限能源：基本价格,将鼓励节约
22、和供需协调,运用普通价格结构,19,Conclusions,Dongtan City and the Yangste Star Will be a unique architecturally striking development A city which is in harmony with nature A centre to promote excellence in renewable energy and efficiency A saving of 3.1 Mtonnes of Carbon Dioxide a Year,东滩和杨子之星一个独特的极具吸引力的建筑发展理念一个城市
23、与自然的完美协调的案例一个卓越的可再生能源和能源效率发展促进中心一个一年可减少排放310万二氧化碳的项目,结 论,20,And Finally,Lao Tzu (604-531 BC) Chinese Artist and Taoist philosopher,If you do not change direction, you may end up where you are heading.,The vision for Dongtan City will allow us to change direction so we do not end up where we are now heading and we can avoid the worst effects of Climate Change.,束 语,老子 （604-531BC）中国古代思想家、哲学家,（直译）：“如果你不改变，你将止步于原地。”,东滩将改变我们行动的方向，以避免我们在原地止步不前，也可让我们避免气候变化带来的最坏结果。,21,
