1、大脑相关词汇表Aa-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) -氨基-3- 羟基 -5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸abducent nerve 展神经 abstinent heroin dependent individuals (AHD) 海洛因戒断者 accessory nerve 副神经 acoustic tubercle 听结节 Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) 酒精依赖疾患识别测验amygdala (AMY) 杏仁核 angular gyrus 角回 ant
2、erior cingulate cortex (ACC) 前扣带回皮层 anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) 前扣带回anterior insula 脑皮层上的前脑岛anterior temporal lobe 颞叶前部arachnoid 蛛网膜 area postrema 最后区；极后区 arterial spin-labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) 磁共振动脉自旋标记灌注成像autonomic nervous system 自主神经系 axillary nerve 腋神经 BBarratt I
3、mpulsiveness Scale (BIS) Barratt冲动性量表 basal forebrain 基底前脑,basal ganglia circuits 基底节环路basal nuclei 基底核 basilar artery 基底动脉 basolateral amygdala (BLA) 基底外侧杏仁核basolateral 基底前侧Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) 血氧水平依赖 brachial plexus 臂丛 brain (encephalon) 脑 brain stem 脑干 Ccalcarine sulcus 距状沟 ca
4、udate nucleus 尾状核central nervous system 中枢神经系统 central sulcus 中央沟 cerebellum (CER) 小脑cerebral aqueduct 中脑导水管 cerebral arterial circle 大脑动脉环 cerebral cortex 大脑皮质 cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液cervical plexus 颈丛 cingulate gyrus (CG)扣带回 common peroneal nerve 腓总神经 corpus callosum 胼胝体 corpus striatum 纹状体 cortex
5、 (CTX) 皮质corticomedial 皮质内侧corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束 cranial nerves 脑神经 crus cerebri 大脑脚 cuneate tubercule 楔束结节 cuneus gyrus 楔回 Ddeep peroneal nerve 腓深神经 dendritic spines 树突刺dentate gyrus 齿状回 diencephalon 间脑 dopamine (DA) 多巴胺dopamine type 2/3 receptor 多巴胺2/3型受体dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC
6、） 背外侧前额叶dorsal lateral striatum (DMPFC) 背外侧纹状体dorsal prefrontal cortex 背侧前额叶皮质dorsal putamen 背壳dorsal striatum (DS) 背侧纹状体dorso lateral frontal cortex 背外侧额叶dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) 背外侧前额叶 dorsolateral striatum (DLS) 背外侧纹状体 dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) 背内侧前额叶dorsomedial striatum
7、 (DMS) 背内侧纹状体 dura mater 硬脑膜 Eelectroencephalography (EEG) 脑电图epithalamus 上丘脑 Ffacial colliculus 面丘 facial nerve 面神经 Fagerstrm Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) 尼古丁依赖量表fasciculus cuneatus 楔束 fasciculus gracilis 薄束 femoral nerve 股神经 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) 氟脱氧葡萄糖fornix 穹窿 fourth ventricle 第四脑室 fro
8、ntal lobe 额叶functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 功能磁共振成像fusiform gyrus (FG) 梭状回fusiform gyrus/visual cortex (FG/VC) 梭状回/视觉皮层Gg-aminobutyiric acid (GABA) -氨基丁酸ganglion 神经节 globus palidus 苍白球 glossopharyngeal nerve 舌咽神经 glutamate 谷氨酸gracilis tubercule 薄束结节 gray matter 灰质 Hhealth participants (
9、NDP) 健康人hippocampus/Para hippocampal gyrus (HIPP/PH) 海马/海马旁回hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经hypoglossal trigone 舌下神经三角hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) 下丘脑- 垂体轴hypothalamus 下丘脑Iinferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚inferior colliculus 下丘inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) 额下回inferior olive nucleus 下橄榄核 inferior parietal
10、lobule (IPL) 顶下小叶inferior temporal cortex (ITC) 颞下皮层；下颞叶皮层inferior/superior parietal cortex (IPC/SPC) 上/下顶叶皮质insula (INS) 脑岛intercostal nerve 肋间神经 internal capsule 内囊 late positive complex (LPC) 晚正复合体lateral hypothalamu 外侧下丘脑lateral lemniscus 外侧丘系 lateral prefrontal cortex 外侧前额叶lateral sulcus 外侧沟 la
11、teral ventricle 侧脑室 lentiform nucleus 豆状核 limbic brain circuitry 边缘系统limbic lobe 边缘叶 limbic system 边缘系统lingual gyrus 舌回 locus ceruleus 蓝斑 longthoracic nerve 胸长神经 lumbar plexus 腰丛 lumbosacral trunk 腰骶干 MMagnetic resonance image imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像 magnetoencephalography (MEG) 脑磁描记法medial eminence 内侧隆
12、起 medial lemniscus 内侧丘系 medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) 内侧前额叶皮质medial striatum 内侧纹状体median nerve 正中神经 medulla oblongata 延髓 metathalamus 后丘脑 methylphenidate (MPH) 利他能（中枢神经兴奋药）midbrain (mesencephalon) 中脑 middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚 Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) MNI坐标系 motor cortex (MC) 动作皮
13、层；运动皮层musculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经 Nnerve 神经 Nervous System 神经系统 neural cue reactivity (NCR) 线索诱发的神经活动 neuroglia 神经胶质 neuron 神经元 n-methyl-Daspartic acid (NMDA) N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸nucleus accumbens (NAc) 伏隔核 nucleus accumbens related circuitry 伏隔核相关回路nucleus ambiguus 疑核 nucleus thoracicus 胸核 nucleus 神经核 Oobex
14、 闩 obturator nerve 闭孔神经 occipital lobe 枕叶 oculomotor nerve 动眼神经 olfactory nerve 神经 optic nerve 视神经 opticchiasma 视交叉 Orbital-prefrontal circuitry 眶前额皮层orbitofrontal cortex (OFC ) 眶额皮层;前额叶眶回Pparacentral lobule 旁中央小叶 parahippocampal gyrus 海马旁回 parasympathetic nerve 副交感神经 parieo-occipital sulcus 顶枕沟 par
15、ietal lobe 顶叶periaquaeductal grey 导水管周围灰质peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统 phrenic nerve 膈神经 pia mater 软脑膜 pons 脑桥 pontine nuclei 脑桥核 positron emission tomography (PET) 正电子发放断层扫描 postcentral gyrus 中央后回 posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) 后扣带回 posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) 后颞中回；颞中回后部precentral g
16、yrus 中央前回 prefrontal cortex (PFC) 前额叶皮层premotor cortex (PMC) 前运动皮层 putamen 壳 pyramid 锥体 pyramidal decussation 锥体交叉 radial nerve 桡神经 raphe nuclei 中缝核 red nucleus 红核 region of interest (ROI) 感兴趣脑区 reticular formation 网状结构 rhomboid fossa 菱形窝S sacral plexus 骶丛 sciatic nerve 坐骨神经 septo-hippocampal comple
17、x 海马皮层隔septo-hippocampal system 海马皮层系统solitary nucleus 孤束核 somatosensory cortex (SC) 躯体感觉皮层spinal cord 脊髓 spinal nerves 脊神经 spinal trigeminal nucleus 三叉神经脊束核 spinal trigeminal tract 三叉神经脊髓束 spinothalamic tract 脊髓丘脑束 striae medullaris 髓纹 substantia gelatinosa 胶状质 substantia nigra (SN) 黑质，塞梅林氏神经节subthalamus 底丘脑 superficial peroneal nerve 腓浅神经 superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚 superior colliculus 上丘 superior parietal and premotor regions 高级顶叶和运动前区Superior parietal lobule (SPL) 顶上小叶
