1、0对于高速公路沥青路面的养护工作中英文分析Analysis of the maintenance work of Expressway Asphalt Pavement对于高速公路沥青路面的养护工作具有重要的意义，养护工作不但可以减少公路投入、降低资源消耗，还可以延长高速公路的使用寿命。除此之外，高速公路的养护与管理也是我国现阶段公路事业发展的关键。Has an important significance for the maintenance work of expressway asphalt pavement, maintenance work can not only decreas
2、e the highway investment, reduce the consumption of resources, but also prolong the service life of highway. In addition, the key maintenance and management of freeway is the present stage of our country highway development.一、高速公路路面养护的重要性 One, the importance of expressway pavement maintenance为了保证高速公
3、路的正常使用，消除公路病害、延长高速公路的使用寿命，对高速公路的养护便成了现时期的高速公路建设的主要任务。因为在高速公路的施工过程中如果不能确保路面质量，那么路况问题一突出道路通行就会受大很大程度的影响。高速公路养护质量如何直接以对路面的养护工作质量为依据和标准。所以对于高速公路路面的养护工作在当前显得尤其重要。 In order to ensure normal use of the highway, the elimination of highway disease, prolong the service life of highway, the highway maintenance
4、 has become the main task of highway construction is now in the period of. Because in the construction process of Expressway if cannot ensure the pavement quality, so the traffic problem prominent traffic will be affected by a large extent. Highway maintenance quality directly to the quality of pave
5、ment maintenance work as the basis and standard. So for the maintenance work of expressway pavement is especially important in the current is. 目前我国已经建成的高速公路 75%左右是半刚性基层高级沥青混凝土面层结构，这些高速公路建成后，受交通量迅速增长、车辆大型化、超载严重、行驶渠道化及水损坏等影响，路面发生了不同程度的早期损坏，导致养护任务艰巨。http:/ http:/ 公路养护技术规范明确提出：公路养护工作必须贯彻“ 预防为主，防治结合 ”的方针
6、，而现实是高速公路养护管理不足，对病害处理不及时，预防性养护处理不到位；加上交通量增长迅速、早期施工缺陷、温度变化、水的影响等，造成多数高速公路未到设计年限，路面已严重破坏，大修提前。高速公路实施路面预防性养护，能及时修复路面微小病害，不致产生严重损伤，从而减少铣刨、翻修次数，节省大修费用，并延长路面使用寿命，保持路面良好的服务状态。所以研究开发高速公路沥青路面预防性养护技术与管理模式，实施路面预防性养护管理是我国高速公路发展的迫切需要。At present, about 75% of Chinas expressway has been completed is semi-rigid adv
7、anced asphalt concrete surface layer structure, the expressway was completed, by the rapid growth of traffic volume, vehicle scale, serious overload, channel running and water damage of pavement, early damage in varying degrees, resulting in maintenance task. In addition, with the increase of time a
8、nd use the highway mileage extension will bring the pavement continuous damage, maintenance quantity will be more and more. Can be expected in the future for a period of time, our country highway by the construction, simultaneously to the construction and maintenance, and gradually to the maintenanc
9、e. “ Technical specifications “ highway maintenance made clear: the highway maintenance work must implement the “prevention first, combining prevention with control “ policy, but the reality is lack of expressway maintenance management, not timely for disease treatment, preventive maintenance is not
10、 in place; and rapid traffic growth, early construction defects, change of temperature, the influence of water, cause most highway before the design life, the road has been severely damaged, overhaul advance. The expressway pavement preventive maintenance, timely repair pavement small disease, does
11、not cause serious damage, thereby reducing milling, revision number, save the overhaul cost, and prolongs the service life of the pavement surface, keep good service state. So the research and development of expressway asphalt pavement preventive maintenance http:/ http:/ and management mode, the im
12、plementation of pavement preventive maintenance management is an urgent need for the development of Chinas freeway.二、路面病害维修的基本方法 Two basic approaches, pavement repair.因为高速公路沥青路面病害程度或者病害原因不同，所以说对于高速公路路面病害维护的方法也是不尽相同。为此，笔者结合实际工作对路面病害维修的基本方法进行了以下阐述，主要包括对局部的养护、罩面以及翻修三个方面。Because of the degree of disease
13、 of asphalt pavement or disease are different, so the maintenance methods of expressway pavement disease is not the same. Therefore, the author combines the basic method for the repair of pavement practical work for the following elaboration, mainly including the local maintenance and overhaul, cove
14、ring three aspects.首先对于局部的养护工作的实施。对于局部养护工作的实施主要从沥青路面裂缝的维修、冻胀与翻浆的维修、沥青路面车辙的维修以及桥面铺装损坏的维修四个方面进行相关分析。 第一，对于路面裂缝的维修工作，现在的这种病害现象已不多见，早期的公路裂缝病害多源于温度裂缝、半刚性基层反射裂缝和基层强度不足引起的网状裂缝。具体处理要求，对于裂缝宽度在 5 厘米以内的横向裂缝要及时地灌入热沥青。而对于超过 5 厘米要先进行机械开槽，继而在进行细粒式沥青混合料进行填充和捣实。对于出现的网状裂缝应将沥青表面铣刨或拉毛，再加铺一层沥青混凝土上封层。The first part of th
15、e implementation of the maintenance work. For local maintenance work is mainly from the implementation of asphalt pavement crack repair, frost heave and frost boiling repair, the repair of asphalt pavement rutting and bridge deck pavement damage repair four aspects to carry on the related analysis.
16、First, for the pavement crack repair work, the disease is now already did not see more, reticulate crack of road cracks caused by multi-source early temperature cracks, reflective crack in the semi-rigid base and base strength is insufficient. Specific treatment requirements, for crack width in the
17、transverse cracks within 5 cm to timely poured into the hot asphalt. For more than 5 cm to mechanical grooving, then in the fine asphalt mixture filling and compaction. The reticular cracks should be asphalt surface http:/ http:/ or napping, plus a layer of asphalt concrete layer.第二，对于冻胀与翻浆的维修。对于容易发
18、生在开山路堑段的冻胀现象，要先将路基下部设置纵向或者横向盲沟，然后再进行路面的处理工作。如果对于高速公路出现的翻浆现象，要将原路面挖到路基顶部，再填充砂砾垫层，重做水泥稳定砂砾，最后再做混凝土面层的铺筑。Second, the frost heave and frost boiling repair. For those in the frost heaving and open road section, put the subgrade longitudinal or transverse blind ditch is arranged at the lower part, process
19、ing and then pavement. If the boiling phenomenon expressway, to the original pavement subgrade excavation to top, then filling gravel cushion, redo cement stabilized gravel, then do the concrete surface layer paving.第三，沥青路面车辙的维修。对于沥青路面出现的车辙现象一定要确定好是哪种类型的车辙，什么原因造成的车辙。对于不同的车辙采取的措施也不尽相同。对于路面基层强度不足而造成的车
20、辙要先铣掉面层，先从路面基层做起，然后再进行面层铺筑；如果路面车辙是因为表层磨损过度而造成的车辙，要先清除面层再进行铺筑沥青混凝土铺筑工作。Third, the rutting of asphalt pavement repair. The rutting of asphalt pavement appear to determine what type of rutting, what causes the rut. For different rut measures are not the same. For the lack of pavement strength caused by
21、 the rut to mill off the surface layer, the first from the surface of the grass-roots level, and then paving surface; if the pavement rutting is because the surface wear caused by excessive rutting, the first clear the surface layer of paving asphalt concrete paving work.第四，对于桥面铺装损坏的维修。桥面出现损坏主要有两种情况
22、：一个是只是沥青面层损坏，而在面层下的混凝土尚好。这时就需要将沥青面层铣掉，露出水泥混凝土。然后再喷乳化沥青，最后进行混凝土铺筑。另一个是沥青面层损坏、层下的混凝土也损坏了，这时就需要先将混凝土进行处理，对于损坏面积小的可以进行局部修复，而对于损坏面积比较严重的则要进行重新进行混凝土铺装的工作。Fourth, for the bridge deck pavement damage repair. Bridge damage occurs mainly to have two kind of situations: one is just the asphalt surface layer da
23、mage, but under the surface layer of concrete is good. Then you will need to asphalt pavement milling off, http:/ http:/ cement concrete. And then sprayed emulsified asphalt concrete paving, finally. Another is the asphalt surface layer damage, the concrete is damaged, then you need to be concrete p
24、rocessing, for the damaged area can be small to local repair, the damaged area is more serious is to concrete pavement work.其次是罩面。高速公路路面罩面主要为了消除破损、改善路面的平整度和恢复抗滑性能，以前采用抗滑表层 AK13A 或 AK16A 型，近几年，随着SMA 路面结构技术的日臻成熟，SMA 是最为理想的面层结构，一般罩面的厚度宜在 45cm，一般不得小于 4cm。路用沥青最好使用 SBS 改性沥青。 The second is the cover. Highw
25、ay pavement overlay is mainly in order to eliminate the damage, improve the surface smoothness and recovery of skid resistance performance, before the anti-slide surface AK - 13A or AK - 16A, in recent years, along with the technology of SMA pavement structure is becoming more and more mature, SMA i
26、s the most ideal surface layer structure, the thickness of the surface should be in the 4 general hood to 5cm, generally not less than 4cm. Asphalt with the best use of SBS modified asphalt. 最后翻修。当高速公路路面破损严重，采用罩面的养护方法不能使路面恢复良好使用状态时，或路面承载力严重不足时，则应进行翻修。翻修需重做垫层和基层，重新铺设面层。The last revision. When the pav
27、ement is seriously damaged, the overlay curing method can not make good use of pavement state, or the road carrying capacity is seriously insufficient, should be renovated. Revision required redo cushion and base, laying back surface layer.三、路面维修施工方法 Methods three, pavement repair and construction首先
28、,根据维修设计进行施工前的准备工作。对于维修设计前的准备工作是路面维修的前提，准备工作做的好才能保证路面维修施工顺利开展。对于施工前的准备工作主要包括对在施工中会用到的材料进行技术指标检测和相关的调查试验，检测完毕以后不符合要求的要先行淘汰，而对于符合要求的材料投入到施工使用当中；对于复核维修路段内的病害情况，需要对路面的标高进行测量，http:/ http:/ according to the repair design for the preparatory work before construction. Preparation for repair before the design
29、 is a prerequisite for pavement repair, ready to do a good job in order to ensure the pavement repair construction smoothly. For the preparation work before construction mainly includes the investigation test technology index and related to the construction used in the detection of materials, finish
30、ed do not meet the requirements to be eliminated, and to meet the requirements of the material into the construction used for diseases; review dimensional road section in the elevation of the pavement, need measurement data, other information and measurement will be used; and for the construction pr
31、ocess will be used in the machinery, tools to do a comprehensive inspection work before construction, to ensure that their performance is good, and to ensure their normal state. In addition to guarantee the quantity necessary to meet the need of construction, important machinery and spare equipment.
32、其次,路面的铣刨。其一是施工放样。根据路面的损害情况和设计的高程确定铣刨深度，在路面上做好标记，以保证铣刨后具有良好的“平整度” 。其二是铣刨废料要运出场外，不得随意丢弃污染环境。 第三,关于路面基层的施工。一方面需要重做基层的路段Secondly, milling surface. One is the construction lofting. According to the pavement damage and the design is determined by the height of the milling depth, mark on the road, in order
33、 to ensure the smoothness of the good “ has milling after “. The second is to carry out the milling waste, not free to discard the pollution of the environment. Third, the construction of pavement base. On the one hand need to redo the base section，在铺筑新建部分路面垫层前，应将路槽用 1215t 的三轮压路机或使用等效的压路机械碾压 34 遍。如发
34、现表层过干、表层松散应适量洒水，如表层过湿，http:/ http:/ ”应采取翻开晾晒或掺石灰 (或水泥) 等措施进行处理。并按规定检查路基顶面的标高、宽度、路拱横坡、平整度、压实度以及路基表面的回弹模量等各项指标是否符合要求；另一方面在进行半刚性基层施工时，路面基层和底基层应采用“ 宝马” 拌和机进行拌和，严禁在拌和层底部留有素土夹层。拌和时配料要准确、均匀，颗粒级配应符合设计要求。施工温度应在 5以上，混合料从加水拌和到碾压终了的延迟时间不应超过 2 小时。 第四,关于封层和黏层施工。半刚性基层在完成以后，应该做沥青封层。对于封层沥青在浇洒前要做好一些简单的工作，比如要保证路面必须清扫干
35、净，对于在高速公路周围的人工构造物或者路缘石也应当做好相应的防护措施，这样可以防止它们被污染；而对于特殊的阴雨或者大风天气就要保证不去施工，若未达到相应的温度要求也不宜进行相应的施工工作；而对于黏层施工也要一定的要求，那就是要保证在工作前确认路面脏物都已经清理干净，必要清理或者清洗工作完成以后再等待其干燥以后再进行浇洒。 In the new part, paving pavement cushion should be first, rolling machine rolling road trough with 12 15t of three roller or use equivalen
36、t of 3 4 times. Such as the discovery of the surface dry, loose surface should be the amount of water, such as surface wet, “the phenomenon of spring “ should be open to dry or mixed with lime ( or cement ) and other measures to deal with. In accordance with the provisions of examination on top of t
37、he height, width, crown slope, smooth degree, whether the index of compaction and the resilient modulus of subgrade surface to meet the requirements; on the other hand, in the construction of semi-rigid base, pavement base and subbase shall be mixing with the “ BMW “ mixer, is strictly prohibited in
38、 the mixing layer at the bottom save earth sandwich. Mixing ingredients must be accurate, uniform, particle gradation shall satisfy the design requirements. Construction temperature is over 5 DEG C, the delay time from the water mixture compacted mixture to the end should not be more than 2 hours. F
39、ourth, on the layer and adhesive layer construction. Semi-rigid base course after completion, should do asphalt. For the seal of asphalt in watering before to do some simple work, such as to ensure that the surface must be clean, for the artificial structure Expressway around or Lu Yuanshi should al
40、so do a good job in the corresponding protective measures, which may http:/ http:/ them from being polluted; as for the special rainy or windy weather will promise not to go to the construction, if the corresponding temperature requirements should not be carried out construction work did not reach;
41、but also to certain requirements for the adhesive layer construction, it is to ensure the pavement dirt is clear before work, after cleaning or washing the necessary work be wait for it to dry after watering. 结合自己的工作思考对于高速公路的养护工作出了以下几点总结。首先做好高速公路和施工安全管理工作。做好对过境车辆和人员安全问题的保证。高速公路养护管理的最终目的还是保证高速公路能够安全和
42、畅通，所以说对于施工现场的安全管理工作一定要放在第一位置来抓；其次是对于高速公路的养护管理工作。高速公路养护管理工作中不管是小养护还是大维修，都要严格按照高速公路养护规范的要求和规范来进行养护实施。必须做好对无论是方案设计环节还是原材料质量的监督都要保证按照要求。只有这样才能保证高速公路满足运营需要和服务水平的相关要求；最后对于高速公路是全部控制分叉、全立交，行车速度快，养护管理与其它等级公路有本质上的差别，必须在确保工程养护质量的前提下，尽量缩短占用公路的时间，缩短工期。因此，要不断研究，积极推广和采用新材料、新工艺。如近几年采用的砼快速修补剂、改性沥青混合料、乳化沥青等，都有效地缩短了工期
43、，提高了工作效率。Combined with the working thought of his own for the maintenance work of expressway from the following summary. First do a good job in highway and construction safety management work. Do a good job of transit vehicles and personnel security assurance. The final purpose of expressway mainten
44、ance management to ensure the safety and smoothness of expressway is capable of, so that the safety management of the construction site must be put in the first position to catch; the second is for the highway maintenance management work. Highway maintenance management work whether small maintenance
45、 or repair, must be in strict accordance with the maintenance requirements and specifications for the maintenance. Must be ready to both the supervision program design or quality of the raw material should be in accordance with the requirements of. The only way to ensure the highway to meet the rele
46、vant requirements on operation and service level; finally for http:/ http:/ is full control of bifurcation, the whole highway, traffic speed, essentially the difference with other highway maintenance management, must ensure the maintenance quality, shorten the time occupied by highway, shorten the construction period. Therefore, we must continue to study, actively promote and adopt new technology, new materials. As in recent years the concrete fast repair agent, modified asphalt mixture, emulsified asphalt, can effectively shorten the construction period, improve the work efficiency.
