1、英语合成词中的连字符一 名词XX= 形容词,现在分词,过去分词,名词,介词1名词 + 现在分词job-seeking guide 求职向导peace-loving people 爱好和平的人noise-making boy 吵闹的男孩mouth-watering baby 留着口水的婴儿head-scratching puzzlement 让人挠头的难题pain-relieving medication 缓解疼痛的药物meat-eating animal = carnivore 食肉动物time-consuming 费时的money-consuming 费钱的energy consuming
2、费精力的2名词 + 过去分词A woman-dominated field 女人统治的领域student-written compositions 学生写的作文heart-broken story 让人心碎的故事man-made protein 人造蛋白质3名词 + 形容词accident-free operations 零事故的手术Toll-free number 免费电话号码life-long(终生的) world-famous (世界著名的)world-wide (世界范围的) ice-cold (冰冷的)4名词 + 介词built-in furniture 内嵌式家具child-lik
3、e (像小孩似的 )5名词 + 名词Import-export equilibrium 进出口均衡 Input-output balance 投入产出平衡health-care system 卫生保健体系intelligence-analysis company 情报分析公司man-machine integration 人机一体化English-language (英国语言的)数量词(名词中的特殊形式)1. 数词 + 名词 (单数)one-child policy (独生子女政策 /) two-hour talk (两小时的谈话) 2. 数词 + 名词 (单数) + 形容词three-yea
4、r-old (三岁的) seven-foot-wide (七英尺的) 8000-meter-long (8000 米长的) six-meter-tall (六米高的)3. 数词 + 名词 + ”-ed”one-eyed (独眼的) four-storeyed (四层的)two-faced (两面的) four-footed (四只脚的)二形容词(或者副词) XX= 名词(不适用于副词) ,名词 ed,形容词,现在分词,过去分词1 形容词+名词domestic-relations lawyer 家庭关系律师low-level construction 低水平建设hard-line party 强
5、硬路线的政党 first-class/ rate service 一流的服务full-time student 全职学生、脱产学生 high-class 高级的second-hand(二手的) part-time(业余的) mid-term (期中的) final-term(期末的)2. 形容词 + 名词 + “-ed”tight-lipped 很少说话的,守口如瓶的 light-hearted 轻松愉快的quick-witted 急智的,机敏的 good-natured 和蔼的,和善的kind-hearted(好心肠的) cold-blooded (冷血的) warm-hearted(热心肠
6、的) blue-eyed(蓝眼睛的)middle-aged(中年的 ) red-lipped(红嘴唇的)3. 形容词(副)+ 现在分词long-standing traditions 长期的传统far-reaching influence 深远的影响ever-changing world 不断变化的世界best-selling novel 最畅销的小说good-looking(长相好看的) ugly-looking(长相丑陋的)easy-looking (长相随和的) tired-looking(面容疲劳的)hard-working (勤奋的) ever-lasting(永恒的)4形容词/副词
7、+过去分词clear-cut distinctions 鲜明的区别( clear-cut 切得很清楚)clean-cut hair-style 整齐的发型(clean-cut 切得很干净)ready-made 现成的 hotly-contested marketold-fashioned 老式的 native-born 本国出生的new-born (新生的) so-called(所谓的)hard-won (来之不易的) well-dressed(衣着好的)newly-built (新建的) recently-built (刚建的)5 形容(副)词 + 形容词dark-blue(深蓝的) lig
8、ht-green(浅绿的)all-round (全面的) red-hot(灼热的)ill, well 专题以 ill-为前缀的复合形容词,在考研英语中出现了 7 次,以 well-为前缀的出现了 24 次,这说明这两个词,派生能力很强,我们要重点掌握。ill-/well- + 名词 ed,动词 ed,动词 ingill-treated 受虐待的 ill-informed 消息不灵通的,一无所知的ill-defined 定义不清晰的 ill-bred 没有教养的ill-advised 不明智的 ill-managed 管理不善的ill-mannered 行为举止不礼貌的ill-tempered
9、脾气暴躁的Well+形容词(25 )Well-known 著名的Well-oiled cog 上了油的 运转正常的Well-paid job 很好支付的-高薪的工作Well-ventilated factories 通风良好的工厂Well-born 出身优越的Well-developed skill 熟练的技巧Well-worded language 措辞优美的语言Well-balanced diet 很均衡的饮食Well-established(long and respected)firm 久负盛名的公司well-established trend 得到确认的时尚趋势Well-founde
10、d facts 有事实依据的Well-grounded 有事依据的,训练有素的Well-informed (about) 对某一问题非常熟悉的Well-meaning 出于好意的: intended to be helpful but not succeeding.Well-worn jacket 穿旧了的,well-worn excuses 陈腐的借口Well-thumbed magazine 翻旧了的杂志well-timed arrival 达到时机正好well-rounded veteran 阅历,经验丰富的老兵Well-mannered 举止行为有礼貌的三 其余类型1动词形容词clin
11、g-film 食品薄膜,胶带2动词介词a follow-up survey 后续的调查a go-ahead signal 前进的信号3介词名词In-house counsel 公司法务顾问Up-market commodity 高档的商品3情态动词BE 动词could-be employer 将来的老板would-be house-buyers 想要购买房产的人would-be suicide 未遂的自杀4. 多个组合A hard-to-get-to place 难以到达的地方end-of-life care 生命终期护理up-to-date information 最新的信息faster-t
12、han-light travel 比光速还快的旅行all-man-love lady man-killeranswered off-the-cuff 即席地回答问题an off-the-cuff remark 一个即兴地评论词源故事:off the cuff 最早起源于英国,一直被沿用到今天。在几百年前的欧洲,上流社会经常会举办一些大型宴会,场面宏大奢华。在宴会上,主人经常邀请一些客人来一场即席演说。为了避免当众出丑,一些客人像学生考试作弊一样,赴宴前在袖口里塞一张纸条,上面写一些准备好的演讲内容,以备急需。由此,我们可知 off the cuff 表示“未经准备的,即席的 ”,cuff 指“
13、衬衫的袖口” 。例如:This is the kind of question that one cannot answer off the cuff.这是不可以随意回答的那类问题。He had to speak off the cuff because he forgot to bring his prepared speech.他不得不做一个即席演说因为他忘了带准备好的讲稿。四 复合名词1从复合形容词变来的复合名词70-year-old elders 70-year-oldsWhite-collar workers white-collarsWell-being lifewell-bein
14、g 幸福,安宁 the state of being healthy, wealthy, and happy 辨析:welfare 福利a financial aidsight-seeing trip 观光旅行bread-winning manbread-winnerbusiness-to-business service B2Bbusiness-to-customers service B2C几乎所有的动词与介词或名词连接起来都可以构成复合名词。Start-up 启动,开始,创业 upstarts 暴发户Take-over 接管 build-up 积聚Economic slow-down 经
15、济下滑Internet sign-up 签约,注册 internet sign-ups 因特网注册用户Self-也有很强的构词能力,一共出现了 35 个 self-构成的复合名词与复合形容词,以下是几个最常考的表达方法。self-respect 自尊 self-reliance 自强自立 self-confidence 自信 self-protect 自我保护self-employed 个体经营的,个体户 self-evident 不言而喻,不言自明self-contradict 自我矛盾的 self-discipline 自我约束,自我修养self-help 自助 self-interest 自私自利self-sufficient 自给自足的 self-restrained 自我约束的