基本句型句子翻译练习.doc

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1、基本句型 汉译英练习1主谓结构说明:此结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如,The sun rises.1. 主语可有修饰语-定语,如,The red sun rises.2. 谓语可有修饰语-状语,如,The red sun rises in the east.翻译练习:1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。 3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。 5在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 71919 年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 8每天八时开始上课。 9这个盒子重五公斤。 10 五年前我住在北京。 11 爱

2、丽丝很会游泳。 12 约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 13 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 14 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 15 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 参考答案:1You should study hard. 2She went home very late yesterday evening. 3That morning we talked a great deal. 4The meeting will last two hours. 5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6Things of

3、 that sort are happening all over the world every day. 7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8Classes begin at eight every day. 9This box weighs five kilos. 10 I lived in Beijing five years ago. 11 Alice swims very well. 12 Johns father died last night. 13 In autumn, some birds fly

4、to the south. 14 My grandfather gets up early in the morning. 15 Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books. 主系表结构说明:此结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。系动词有(1)表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound. 基本句型 汉译英练习2(2)表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, contin

5、ue, stand. (3)表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.翻译练习:1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短,夜晚长。 3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 5孩子们,请保持安静。 6这本书是有关美国历史的书。 7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8他失业了。 9树叶已经变黄了。 10 这个报告听起来很有意思。 参考答案:1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are lon

6、g. 3Mrs. Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5Children, keep quiet please. 6This book is about the history of the United States. 7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work. 9The leaves have turned yellow. 10 The report sounds in

7、teresting. 主谓宾结构(一)说明: 此结构是由主语+谓语+ 宾语够成。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。翻译练习: 1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。 5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 8Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 9我们大家都相信 Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 10 他不知道说什么好。 11 他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 12 我开窗户你在意吗? 参考答案:1. I wrote a letter last night.基本

8、句型 汉译英练习32. I want to talk with you this afternoon.3. He has read this book many times.4. They have carried out the plan successfully.5. You must finish reading these books in two weeks.6. That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.7. I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.8. Jim

9、 cannot dress himself.9. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10. He did not know what to say.11. He takes a cold bath every morning.12. Do you mind my opening the window? 主谓宾结构(二)说明: 此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1. 及物动词+ 副词,2.不及物动词+介词。1.含有 away, out, forward, up 等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。如,They carried out t

10、he plan successfully.我们还可以说, They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只能说 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully.动副词组都可以这样用,如,point out(指出), carry out(执行), put forward(提出) , work out(做出,算出), find out(找出), give up(放弃), give away(赠送,分发),pick up(拣起), put up(挂上), 等。 2. 而含有介词 at, f

11、or, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如,look after(照顾), look at(瞧), look for(寻找), belong to(属于), refer to(参考,提及), think of(考虑,评价), send for(派人去请), care for(喜欢),suffer from(受之苦), deal with(对付,应付), object to(反对), pay for(付的钱) ,等。即我们只能说 think of it,不能说 think it of. in 在动词词组中用作副词,表示“在里面” , “往里进” , “

12、在家”等意思。如,get in(收割 ),hand in(提交,交进) 。用作介词,表示“在地点” , “在范围” , “在方面” 。 如,persist in(坚持),succeed in (在成功)。Off 在动词词组中 用作副词,表示 “关闭” , “隔离,离开 ”, “去掉” ,等意思。如,turn off (关掉), switch off(关掉), ring off(挂断电话), keep off (远离), take off(脱掉), kick off(踢脱), carry off(运走), put off(推迟), pay off(付清),give off(放出).用作介词,表示

13、“从下来” 。如,get off (下车) , fall off(从掉下来).On 在动词词组中用作副词,表示“开” , “走开” , “传递” , “穿戴” 。 如,turn on(开),move on(走开), pass on(传递), put on(穿上) , have on(穿着).用作介词,表示“在上” , “在方面” 。 如,work on(从事于), operate on(在上动手术), agree on(同意) 。表示“上车,上船,上”, 如,get on(上车,上船),ride on(骑上) 。 表示“依靠” , “以为基础” , “按照” , 如,depend on(依靠)

14、,base on(以为基础), feed on (以为食), live on(以为生计).基本句型 汉译英练习4Over 在动词词组中用作副词,表示“翻转” , “翻倒” ,如, turn over(打翻,翻倒),push over(推倒). 表示“过一遍” , “仔细” , “遍及” ,如,think over(仔细考虑),look over(仔细查看,研究).用作介词,表示“从上越过” ,如,fly over (从上飞过) , jump over(从上跳过).go over(越过,横过)。 表示“为了” , “由于” ,如,quarrel over (为争吵),cry over (因哭泣)

15、. 表示“查看” , “复习” , “检查” ,如,go over(检查,复习) .附:许多由及物动词+名词+ 介词构成的三词动词词组也要跟宾语,如:pay attention to(注意), catch hold of(抓住,握住), catch sight of(看见,发现),do harm to(对有害) , get rid of(排除,除去) , make fun of(取笑,嘲笑),put (ones) heart into(专心于), say hello to(打招呼), sing praise for(赞扬,表扬),take care of(照顾), take part in(参

16、加), take pride in(以自豪,骄傲) 。翻译练习:1我不信任那个人。 2他指出了我的作文中的错误。 3圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。 4你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。 5五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。 6他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。 7这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。 8你在工作中可依靠他。 9沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。 10 写完作文后,我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。 11 脱掉你的外套,走前再穿。 12 人们会把她找出来的。 13 我们必须派人去请医生 参考答案:1I don t believe in that man. 2He pointed out(副) the mistakes

17、in my composition. 3On Christmas Day, we will call on(介)our foreign teachers. 4You must hand in(副) your exercise-books after class. 5We cannot work out(副) the problem in five minutes. 6They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero. 7The nurse will take good care of your father. 8You can depend on(

18、介) him in your work. 9Boiling water gives off(副) steam. 10After writing a composition, we must go over(介)it. 11Take off your coat and put it on(副) before you leave. 12People will find her out(副). 13We must send for(介) a doctor. 双宾语结构基本句型 汉译英练习5说明:此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+ 间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)组成。如,He brings me cook

19、ies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾语(事物) ,后说间接宾语(人) ,则要借助于介词 to 或for,如,He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用 to 侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用 for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助 to 的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, sho

20、w, teach, tell, write, ask,等。(需借助 for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。翻译练习:1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3. Mary 把钱包交给校长了。4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗?5. 他把车票给列车员看。6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。9. 请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?10. 我替你叫辆

21、出租汽车好吗?11. 新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。参考答案:1Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. 2Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6This term I have written three letters to my paren

22、ts. 7My father has bought me a new bike. 8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. 9Will you please get me a new copy? 10 Shall I call you a taxi? 11 The new machine will save you a lot of labor. 复合宾语结构说明: 此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+ 宾语+宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾语补足语有基本句型 汉译英练习6逻辑的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有,名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定

23、式,分词。如, The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,是英语常用句型。即 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如,I found it very pleasant to be with your family.翻译练习1. 我们叫她 Alice. 2. 他的父母给他取名为 John. 3. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4. 他们把门推开了。 5. 他们把小偷释放了。 6. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。 7. 他请我们参加做游戏。

24、 8. 我要你把真相告诉我。 9. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10. 明天我要找人来修理机器。 11. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12. 痛苦使得他叫喊起来。 13. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14. 他每个月理一次发。 15. 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 17. 她正在听人家讲故事。 18. 男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。 19. 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 20. 他感到很难跟你交谈。 21. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 23. 学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。 24. 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的

25、。 参考答案1. We call her Alice. 2. His parents named him John. 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. They pushed the door open. 5. They have set the thief free. 6. We will make our school more beautiful. 7. He asked us to join in the game. 基本句型 汉译英练习78. I want you to tell me the truth. 9. The guards or

26、dered us to leave at once. 10. Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine. 11. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12. The pain made him cry out. 13. We wont let her go out at night. 14. He has his hair cut once a month. 15. Ill get my recorder mended. 16. The terrible sound made the chi

27、ldren frightened. 17. She is listening to someone telling stories. 18. The boys were watching the soldiers drilling. 19. I have never seen the word used that way before. 20. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 21. I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. 22. I consider it possible to

28、 work out the problem in another way. 23. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 24. I thought it no use talking with that man. There be 句型说明: 此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成,用以表达存在有,一种无主语的有。 它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态

29、变化。如,现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were将来有 there will be/there is /are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be /there must have been.过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用 be 动词,而用 live, stand, come,

30、 go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。翻译练习:1. 今晚没有会。 2. 这个村子过去只有一口井。 3. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4. 客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 5. 天气预报说下午有大风。 6. 灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。 7. 战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 8. 恰好那时房里没人。 9. 从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10. 公共汽车来了。 基本句型 汉译英练习811. 就只剩下二十八美元了。 12. 在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。 13. 铃响了。 14. 二月份有二十八天。 参考答案:1. There isnt go

31、ing to be a meeting tonight. 2. There was only a well in the village.3. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 4. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 5. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6. The light is on. There mu

32、st be someone ion the office. 7. There used to be a cinema here before the war. 8. There happened to be nobody in the room. 9. Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 10. There comes the bus. 11. There remained just twenty-eight dollars. 12. In front of the cave, there stands (grows) a tall pine tree. 13. There goes the bell. 14. There are twenty-eight days in February.

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